基于地震活动性资料估计海原断裂倾角
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摘要
本文以海原断裂带区域活动构造为基础,将海原断裂划分为西、中、东3段.基于1999年12月26日至2010年7月26日间的精定位小震目录,估计了海原断裂带各段的倾角.考虑海原断裂沿走向可能存在南倾与北倾两种情况,将倾角的范围设置为[0°,180°].首先运用网格搜索法确定了平面断层模型,其次以特征深度节点为基础数据运用多项式构建了曲面断层模型.结果表明:当进行平面拟合时,海原断裂西段与中段、东段的倾向不同,西段为南倾,其倾角值为71°,而中段、东段为北倾,其倾角值分别为72°、65°,各段的倾角值均由地表以下8km地震资料确定.当进行曲面拟合时,在8km深度以内海原断裂西段、中段、东段的倾角均处于80°左右,即接近陡立.西段的倾角在深度为9km处出现转换,之后倾角接近陡立;中段的倾角在深度为16km处出现转换,之后倾角逐渐减小,当深度为18km时倾角为30°;东段的倾角在深度为11km处出现转换,倾角为42°,在深度为16km处出现第二次转换,倾角为55°,之后倾角逐渐减小.结合震源机制解和大地测量观测资料反演拟合的合理性,验证了本文所估计倾角的可靠性.
The Haiyuan faults is divided into three sections,based on the regional activity structure,which are the western section,the middle section and the eastern section.The dip angles of the Haiyuan faults are estimated by fitting the fault surface with the accurate location of small earthquakes from December 26,1999 to July 26,2010.The dip tendency of the fault along the strike may be divided into south and north dipping.Thus,we set the dip angle in the range of[0°,180°].The plane fault model is determined by grid search method and the curved surface fault model is constructed by polynomials with the characteristic depth node.The results show that the dip angle of the western fault is different from that of the middle and eastern segments.The west section is south dipping with the dip value of 71°.On the contrary,the middle section and the east section are north dipping with the dip values of 72°and 65°,respectively.The dip value of each section is determined by the seismic data 8 km below the surface.The dip angle of the western,middle and eastern sections of the Haiyuan faults is about 80°,which is close to anupright fault.The western section has a conversion at the depth of 9 km,and then the dip angle is close to vertical.The middle section has a conversion at the depth of 16 km.Afterwards,the dip angle is decreasing.The dip angle is 30°as the depth is 18 km.There are two conversions in the eastern section:the first being at depth of 11 km with the dip angle 42°and the second at the depth of 16 km with the dip angle 55°.Then,the dip angle decreases gradually.The reliability of the dip angle is verified by the focal mechanism solution and the inversion results of geodetic observation data.
The Haiyuan faults is divided into three sections,based on the regional activity structure,which are the western section,the middle section and the eastern section.The dip angles of the Haiyuan faults are estimated by fitting the fault surface with the accurate location of small earthquakes from December 26,1999 to July 26,2010.The dip tendency of the fault along the strike may be divided into south and north dipping.Thus,we set the dip angle in the range of[0°,180°].The plane fault model is determined by grid search method and the curved surface fault model is constructed by polynomials with the characteristic depth node.The results show that the dip angle of the western fault is different from that of the middle and eastern segments.The west section is south dipping with the dip value of 71°.On the contrary,the middle section and the east section are north dipping with the dip values of 72°and 65°,respectively.The dip value of each section is determined by the seismic data 8 km below the surface.The dip angle of the western,middle and eastern sections of the Haiyuan faults is about 80°,which is close to anupright fault.The western section has a conversion at the depth of 9 km,and then the dip angle is close to vertical.The middle section has a conversion at the depth of 16 km.Afterwards,the dip angle is decreasing.The dip angle is 30°as the depth is 18 km.There are two conversions in the eastern section:the first being at depth of 11 km with the dip angle 42°and the second at the depth of 16 km with the dip angle 55°.Then,the dip angle decreases gradually.The reliability of the dip angle is verified by the focal mechanism solution and the inversion results of geodetic observation data.
引文
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Chen T,Zhang P Z,Liu J,et al.2014.Quantitative study of tectonic geomorphology along Haiyuan fault based on airborne LiDAR.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(20):2396-2409.
Cui D X,Wang Q L,Hu Y X,et al.2009.Inversion of GPS data for slip rates and locking depths of the Haiyuan fault.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),31(5):516-525.
Dai H B,Xu J Y.2016.Analysis of the GPS section deformation and strain accumulation of the eastern Haiyuan and the Western Liupanshan faults.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),36(4):343-345,349.
Deng Q D,Zhang W Q,Zhang P Z,et al.1989.Haiyuan strike-slip fault zone and its compressional structures of the end.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),11(1):1-14.
Fan J C,Li S L,Zhang X K,et al.2004.Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics implications.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),26(S1):42-49.
Fang L H,Wu J P,Wang W L,et al.2013.Relocation of the mainshock and aftershock sequences of MS7.0Sichuan Lushan earthquake.Chinese Science Bulletin,58(28-29):3451-3459.
Gao B,Zhou S Y,Jiang C S.2016.Estimate of dip angles of faults around Ordos Block based on earthquakes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(7):2444-2452,doi:10.6038/cjg20160711.
Guo X,Pan H.2014.Estimation methods for occurrence probability of large earthquakes in the Haiyuan fault zone in northwestern China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),36(6):1043-1053.
Hayes G P,Wald D J.2009.Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori---A probabilistic approach.Geophysical Journal International,176(3):951-964.
Hu Y X,Cui D X,Zhang X,et al.2009.Inversion and analysis on the active characteristics of subsections of Haiyuan fault belt using GPS data.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),31(3):227-230,253.
Khan P K.2005.Variation in dip-angle of the Indian plate subducting beneath the Burma plate and its tectonic implications.Geosciences Journal,9(3):227-234.
Li F,Huang J S.2011.Numerical simulation of influences of medium heterogeneity and dip of fault on coseismic displacement.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),31(5):52-60.
Li Q,Jiang Z S,Wu Y Q,et al.2013b.Present-day tectonic deformation characteristics of haiyuan-liupanshan fault zone.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),33(2):18-22.
Li Q,Jiang Z S,Wu Y Q,et al.2014.Inversion of locking and distribution of slip deficit in Haiyuan-Liupan fault zone using GPS data.Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University(in Chinese),39(5):575-580.
Li Y C,Qu C Y,Shan X J,et al.2015.Deformation of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone inferred from the denser GPSobservations.Earthquake Science,28(5-6):319-331.
Li Y C,Shan X J,Qu C Y,et al.2016.Fault locking and slip rate deficit of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geodynamics,102:47-57.
Li Y H,Hao M,Ji L Y,et al.2014.Fault slip rate and seismic moment deficit on major active faults in mid and south part of the Eastern margin of Tibet plateau.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(2):1062-1078,doi:10.6038/cjg20140405.
Liu J,Chen T,Zhang P Z,et al.2013.Illuminating the active Haiyuan fault,China by airborne light detection and ranging.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),58(1):41-45.
Ma J,Ma S L,Liu L Q,et al.1996.Geometrical textures of faults,evolution of physical field and instability characteristics.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),9(2):261-269.
Min W,Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,et al.2001.Detailed study of holocene Paleoearthquakes of the Haiyuan active fault.Geological Review(in Chinese),47(1):75-81.
Pu H,Yang X L,Zhao H F,et al.2012.Measurement method of strata attitude based on Google earth.Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(in Chinese),47(6):949-954.
Qu C Y,Shan X J,Song X G,et al.2011.The PSInSAR technique and its application to the study on crustal deformation of the Haiyuan fault zone.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(4):984-993,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.013.
Sibson R H.1986.Rupture interaction with fault jogs.∥Das S,Boatwright J,Scholz C H,eds.Earthquake Source Mechanics.Washington D C:AGU,37:157-168.
Singh S J,Rani S.1996.2-D modelling of crustal deformation associated with strike-slip and dip-slip faulting in the earth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,46:187-215.
Singh S J,Kumar A,Singh J.2003.Deformation of a monoclinic elastic half-space by a long inclined strike-slip fault.ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology,40(1):51-59.
Sun X L,Wang G C,Shao Z G,et al.2016.Geochemical characteristics of emergent gas and groundwater in Haiyuan fault zone.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),23(3):140-150.
Tong X P,Smith-Konter B,Sandwell D T.2014.Is there a discrepancy between geological and geodetic slip rates along the San Andreas fault system?.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(3):2518-2538.
Wang F C,Wan Y G,Qian X S,et al.2013.A new method for determining fault planes parameters according to earthquake clustering.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(2):522-530,doi:10.6038/cjg20130216.
Wang H Y,Gao R,Yin A,et al.2012.Deep structure geometry features of Haiyuan Fault and deformation of the crust revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(12):3902-3909,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.003.
Wang M.2009.Analysis of GPS data with high precision&study on present-day crustal deformation in China[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.
Wang W M,Zhao L F,Li J,et al.2008.Rupture process of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(5):1403-1410.
Xue T X,Fu R S,Lin F.2009.The simulation of activities of bend fault.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(10):2509-2518.
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