若尔盖高寒退化草地乳白香青水浸液对4种禾草的化感作用
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摘要
以川西北高原退化草地常见毒杂草乳白香青地上地下组织为供体材料,以本区域4种适生禾本科牧草种子扁穗雀麦、鸭茅、多年生黑麦草、垂穗披碱草为受体植物,采用生物测定法,探讨不同浓度水平下(12.5、25、50g/L)乳白香青地上和地下部分水浸液对牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:乳白香青水浸液高浓度(50g/L)对供试种子发芽和生长表现抑制明显(P<0.05),且随着化感物质浓度增大抑制作用逐渐增强,而低浓度下(12.5g/L)促进生长不明显(P>0.05)。4种牧草种子及幼苗对乳白香青的敏感性依次表现为鸭茅>垂穗披碱草>扁穗雀麦>多年生黑麦草,且种子萌发的敏感程度强于幼苗生长阶段,因此扁穗雀麦和多年生黑麦草对乳白香青型退化草地植被改良具有较好的潜力,该研究结果对退化草地人工植被恢复和改良具有一定的借鉴参考意义。
Anaphalis lactea was one of the typical poisonous weeds in degraded alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Lolium perenne L.,Bromus cartharticus Vahl.,Dactylis glomerata L.,and Elymus nutans Griseb were collected to investigate the symbiotic mutual based on three concentration levels between forage grasses and Anaphalis lacteal. The results showedthe germination and growth of the tested seeds were inhibited much more obviously than others( P < 0. 05) based on water extract of opalize with high concentration( 50 g/L). And the inhibitory effect gradually increased with the increase of allelochemicals concentration. However,low concentration( 12. 5 g/L) promote growth ability was not obvious( P > 0. 05). Overall,the order of allelopathic sensitivity were Lolium perenne > Bromus cartharticus Vahl. >Elymus nutans > Dactylis glomerata. Consequently,the sensibility of seed germination were stronger than that of seedlings growth stage. The conclusions may be helpful to degraded grassland recovery and cultivated forage grass promotion.
Anaphalis lactea was one of the typical poisonous weeds in degraded alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Lolium perenne L.,Bromus cartharticus Vahl.,Dactylis glomerata L.,and Elymus nutans Griseb were collected to investigate the symbiotic mutual based on three concentration levels between forage grasses and Anaphalis lacteal. The results showedthe germination and growth of the tested seeds were inhibited much more obviously than others( P < 0. 05) based on water extract of opalize with high concentration( 50 g/L). And the inhibitory effect gradually increased with the increase of allelochemicals concentration. However,low concentration( 12. 5 g/L) promote growth ability was not obvious( P > 0. 05). Overall,the order of allelopathic sensitivity were Lolium perenne > Bromus cartharticus Vahl. >Elymus nutans > Dactylis glomerata. Consequently,the sensibility of seed germination were stronger than that of seedlings growth stage. The conclusions may be helpful to degraded grassland recovery and cultivated forage grass promotion.
引文
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[2]吴锦容,彭少麟.化感—外来入侵植物的“Novel Weapons”[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):3093-3097.
[3]Callaway RM,Ridenour WM.Novel Weapons:Invasive Success and the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability[J].Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2004,2(8):436-443.
[4]孙飞达,青烨,朱灿,等.若尔盖高寒退化草地土壤水解酶活性和微生物群落数量特征分析.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(7):119-125.
[5]李振东,陈秀蓉,杨成德,等.乳白香青内生解磷菌的筛选鉴定及解磷特性研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):150-158.
[6]孔垂华,徐涛.胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅱ.主要化感物质的释放途径和活性[J].应用生态学报,1998(3):257-260.
[7]李寿田,周健民,王火焰,等.植物化感作用机理的研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2001,17(4):52-55.
[8]彭少麟,邵华.化感作用的研究意义及发展前景[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(5):780-786.
[9]包锦渊,卢永昌,白鹤松.乳白香青中黄酮类成分的定性定量分析[J].分子科学学报,2009,25(1):72-74.
[10]任召言.乳白香青、珠光香青和翅茎风毛菊化学成分研究[D].兰州大学,2009.
[11]李振东,陈秀蓉,杨成德,等.乳白香青内生菌RC14抑菌能力测定及其鉴定[J].草地学报,2012,20(4):753-758.
[12]孙飞达,路慧,胡亚茜,等.若尔盖高寒退化草地土壤有机碳储量空间分异特征[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(6):78-84.
[13]李鸿林.高寒地区伏毛铁棒锤对几种禾草的化感作用[J].草业与畜牧,2012,33(3):20-26.
[14]唐燕,尚占环,李希来,等.高寒地区白苞筋骨草对几种禾草的化感作用[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2067-2072.
[15]鲍根生,王宏生.甘肃马先蒿对高寒地区几种优良牧草的化感作用[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(2):88-94.
[16]兰措卓玛,索南加.退化高寒草地毒杂草黄帚橐吾水浸液对垂穗披碱草的化感作用[J].中国草食动物科学,2013,33(4):39-41.
[17]Williamson GB,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls.[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-7.
[18]马瑞君,王明理,赵坤,等.高寒草场优势杂草黄帚橐吾水浸液对牧草的化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):845-850.
[19]Leather GR,Einhellig FA.Bioassays in the study of allelopathy[J].1986,3(3):300-304.
[20]曾任森,骆世明.香茅,胜红蓟和三叶鬼针草植物他感作用研究[J].华南农业大学学报,1993,(4):8-14.
[21]曾任森,骆世明.三叶鬼针草水抽提物他感作用与降雨量的关系[J].华南农业大学学报,1995,(4):69-72.
[22]Callaway RM,Aschehoug ET.Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors:a mechanism for exotic invasion.[J].Science,2000,290(5491):521.
[23]Muller CH.The Role of Chemical Inhibition(Allelopathy)in Vegetational Composition[J].Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club,1966,93(5):332.
[24]毕凌霄,廖蓉苏.瑞香狼毒及牛心朴子水浸液化感作用的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(6):3294-3297.
[25]孔垂华,胡飞.植物化感(相生相克)作用及其应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.