论职业运动员“类劳动主体”的构建
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摘要
职业体育领域的用工方式给我国劳动法规范中"二分法"体系带来较大冲击。无论是"劳动关系说"还是"劳务关系说"在界定职业运动员和俱乐部的法律关系中均遇到理论和现实适用的困境。因此,为平衡体育产业发展和职业运动员的权益保护,有必要借鉴域外"三分法"经验,赋予职业运动员"类劳动者"主体的法律地位,对运动员的倾斜保护弱于标准劳动关系,高于劳务关系。在具体制度设计上,以劳动法为基础,通过体育立法或司法解释的方式规定体育特殊规则。
The employment mode in the field of professional sports has brought great impact on the "dichotomy" system in the labor law of our country. "labor relations theory" or "service relations theory" in defining the legal relationship between professional athletes and clubs have encountered theoretical and practical difficulties. Therefore, in order to balance the development of sports industry and the protection of professional athletes' rights and interests, it is necessary to draw lessons from the experience of "three-part method" from Europeand give professional athletes the legal status of "laborer-like" subject. More specifically,the protection of athletes is weaker than the standard labor relations and higher than the service. In designing the institution,it can base on the labor law norms and provide special rules of sports through sports legislation or judicial interpretation.
The employment mode in the field of professional sports has brought great impact on the "dichotomy" system in the labor law of our country. "labor relations theory" or "service relations theory" in defining the legal relationship between professional athletes and clubs have encountered theoretical and practical difficulties. Therefore, in order to balance the development of sports industry and the protection of professional athletes' rights and interests, it is necessary to draw lessons from the experience of "three-part method" from Europeand give professional athletes the legal status of "laborer-like" subject. More specifically,the protection of athletes is weaker than the standard labor relations and higher than the service. In designing the institution,it can base on the labor law norms and provide special rules of sports through sports legislation or judicial interpretation.
引文
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[2] 冯彦君,张颖惠.“劳动关系”判定标准的反思和重构[J].当代法学,2011(6):92-98.
[3] 班小辉.非典型劳动者权益保护研究[M] .北京:法律出版社,2011:94-96.
[4] 黄越钦.劳动法新论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002:53-60.
[5] 谢增毅.劳动关系的内涵及雇员和雇主身份之认定[J].比较法研究,2009(6):74-83.
[6] 杨云霞. 分享经济中用工关系的中美法律比较及启示[J]. 西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2016, 46(5):69-75.
[7] 沈建峰.论劳动关系实践界定——以中德司法机关的判决为考察重点[J].法律适用,2012(12):89-93.
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[12] 韩勇.职业球员劳动合同解除研究[J].河北师范大学学报,2013(6):151-156.
[13] 杨天红.论职业运动员与俱乐部间法律关系的定位[J].中国体育科技,2015(3):139-144.
[14] Matthew Mitten. Sports Law & Regulation: College Edition[M].Boston:Aspen Publishers,2012:53-57.
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[16] 来胜体育.中国足协终于做了正确决定[EB/OL].2018-10-24.https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1615134714599647317&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[17] 乐视体育. 国足将加入中超混战[EB/OL].[2018-07-09].http://www.lesports.com/news/153114597049541.html.
[18] 问清泓.共享经济下劳动规章制度异变及规制[J].社会科学研究,2018(3):87-99.
[19] 新浪体育.NBA年薪只是詹姆斯收入的一部分,大头还在赛场外[EB/OL].[2018-06-01].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1602944115367077274&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[20] 王倩.德国法中劳动关系的认定[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(6):39-48.
[21] 王全兴.意大利准从属性劳动制度剖析及其启示[J].法学杂志,2016(10):102-115.
[2] 冯彦君,张颖惠.“劳动关系”判定标准的反思和重构[J].当代法学,2011(6):92-98.
[3] 班小辉.非典型劳动者权益保护研究[M] .北京:法律出版社,2011:94-96.
[4] 黄越钦.劳动法新论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2002:53-60.
[5] 谢增毅.劳动关系的内涵及雇员和雇主身份之认定[J].比较法研究,2009(6):74-83.
[6] 杨云霞. 分享经济中用工关系的中美法律比较及启示[J]. 西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2016, 46(5):69-75.
[7] 沈建峰.论劳动关系实践界定——以中德司法机关的判决为考察重点[J].法律适用,2012(12):89-93.
[8] 蔡晓卫,唐闻捷.体育雇佣关系的定位和法律调整模式[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(9):19-21.
[9] 闫成栋,周爱光.职业体育俱乐部保障职业运动员劳动权利的法律义务[J].首体育学刊,2013,20(5):27-30.
[10] 陆在春,高升.我国职业体育劳资纠纷的法律规制研究[J].河南大学学报,2015,55(3):57-64.
[11] 朱文英.劳动合同法视野下职业球员工作合同的解除[J].武汉体育大学学报,2009,43(1):34-36.
[12] 韩勇.职业球员劳动合同解除研究[J].河北师范大学学报,2013(6):151-156.
[13] 杨天红.论职业运动员与俱乐部间法律关系的定位[J].中国体育科技,2015(3):139-144.
[14] Matthew Mitten. Sports Law & Regulation: College Edition[M].Boston:Aspen Publishers,2012:53-57.
[15] 谭明义.体育仲裁之立法冲突研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2008.
[16] 来胜体育.中国足协终于做了正确决定[EB/OL].2018-10-24.https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1615134714599647317&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[17] 乐视体育. 国足将加入中超混战[EB/OL].[2018-07-09].http://www.lesports.com/news/153114597049541.html.
[18] 问清泓.共享经济下劳动规章制度异变及规制[J].社会科学研究,2018(3):87-99.
[19] 新浪体育.NBA年薪只是詹姆斯收入的一部分,大头还在赛场外[EB/OL].[2018-06-01].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1602944115367077274&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[20] 王倩.德国法中劳动关系的认定[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(6):39-48.
[21] 王全兴.意大利准从属性劳动制度剖析及其启示[J].法学杂志,2016(10):102-115.