混合稀土对过共晶Al-20Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响
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摘要
采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针及力学性能测试,研究了不同比例的混合稀土Pr和Y对过共晶Al-20Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Al-20Si合金中添加稀土Pr和Y能使合金中粗大的块状及五瓣星状初生Si变质为细小的块状和部分粒化;当Pr和Y按质量比1:1的比例混合(0.5%Pr、0.5%Y,质量分数)时,细化效果最为显著,初生Si尺寸由96μm减小到41μm,减小57.3%,共晶Si由粗大的针片状变质为类蠕点状;此时,合金的抗拉强度由93 MPa提高到143 MPa,伸长率从1.12%提高到2.79%,分别提高53.8%和149%。
By optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe analysis and mechanical property test, the effects of mischmetal Pr and Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-20 Si alloy were investigated. The results show that the addition of mischmetal Pr and Y can effectively modify the primary Si from coarse polygonal and star-like shape to fine blocky shape with smooth edges and corners. When the mass ratio of mischmetal Pr and Y is 1:1(0.5%Pr, 0.5%Y(mass fraction)), the consequence of modification is the best on primary silicon and eutectic silicon, the size of primary silicon reduces by 57.3% from 96 μm to 41 μm. In addition, the morphology of eutectic silicon changes from coarse platelet-like/needle-like structure to fine fibrous structure and worm-like. The ultimate tensile strength increases by 53.8% from 93 MPa to 143 MPa, and the elongation increases by 149% from 1.12% to 2.79%, respectively.
By optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe analysis and mechanical property test, the effects of mischmetal Pr and Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-20 Si alloy were investigated. The results show that the addition of mischmetal Pr and Y can effectively modify the primary Si from coarse polygonal and star-like shape to fine blocky shape with smooth edges and corners. When the mass ratio of mischmetal Pr and Y is 1:1(0.5%Pr, 0.5%Y(mass fraction)), the consequence of modification is the best on primary silicon and eutectic silicon, the size of primary silicon reduces by 57.3% from 96 μm to 41 μm. In addition, the morphology of eutectic silicon changes from coarse platelet-like/needle-like structure to fine fibrous structure and worm-like. The ultimate tensile strength increases by 53.8% from 93 MPa to 143 MPa, and the elongation increases by 149% from 1.12% to 2.79%, respectively.
引文
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[2]范子杰,桂良进,苏瑞意.汽车轻量化技术的研究与进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(1):1-16.FAN Zi-jie,GUI Liang-jin,SU Rui-yi.Research and development of automotive lightweight technology[J].Automotive Safety and Energy,2014,5(1):1-16.
[3]SHI W X,GAO B.Effect of Nd on microstructure and wear resitance of hypereutectic Al-20%Si alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,508:480-485.
[4]刘芳,于福晓,张祎玲,赵大志,许茜,左良.过共晶铝硅合金的高温力学性能及显微组织演变[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(9):2358-2365.LIU Fang,YU Fu-xiao,ZHANG Yi-ling,ZHAO Da-zhi,XU Qian,ZUO Liang.High-temperature mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(9):2358-2365.
[5]LI Qing-lin,XIA Tian-dong,LAN Ye-feng,ZHAO Wen-jun,FAN Lu,LI Peng-fei.Effect of rare earth cerium addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of hypereutectic Al-20%Si alloy[J].Journal of Alloys Compounds,2013,562:25-32.
[6]李庆林.过共晶Al-20%Si合金Si相形态的演变及性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2014:8-13.LI Qing-lin.On the morphological evolution of Si phase and properties of hypereutectic Al-20%Si alloy[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2014:8-13.
[7]LIANG Song-mao,RAINER S F.Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-P system based on original experimental data[J].Calphad,2013,42:76-85.
[8]QIN Jing-yu,ZUO Min,GU Ting-kun,LIU Xiang-fa.The featured local structure units in liquid Al80Si15P5 alloy and their relationship with Si modification[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,492:525-528.
[9]邱智华,李云龙,陈欢,陈建春,张国栋,潘春旭.Al-10RE中间合金对Al-20Si合金组织和性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2015,35(6):632-635.QIU Zhi-hua,LI Yun-long,CHEN Huan,CHEN Jian-chun,ZHANG Guo-dong,PAN Chun-xu.Effect of Al-10RE master alloy on microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast Al-20Si alloy[J].Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys,2015,35(6):632-635.
[10]王会阳,安云岐,李承宇,晁兵.稀土在铝和铝合金中应用的研究及进展[J].稀土,2012,33(1):75-80.WANG Hui-yang,AN Yun-qi,LI Cheng-yu,CHAO Bing.The research progress of rare earth application in aluminum and aluminum alloys[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2012,33(1):75-80.
[11]LI Zheng-hua,YAN Hong.Modification of primaryα-Al,eutectic Si andβ-Al5Fe Si phases in as-cast Al Si10Cu3 alloy with(La+Yb)addition[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2015,33(9):995-1003.
[12]熊俊杰,闫洪,揭小平.混合稀土变质对ADC12铝合金组织及性能的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2016,24(1):18-24.XIONG Jun-jie,YAN Hong,JIE Xiao-ping.Effect of mischmetal modification on microstructure and properties of ADC12 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,24(1):18-24.
[13]HU Zhi,RUAN Xian-ming,YAN Hong.Effect of neodymium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of near-eutectic Al-12Si alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(12):3877-3885.
[14]ZUO Min,ZHAO De-gang,WANG Zhen-qing,GENG Hao-ran.Complex modification of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy by a new Al-Y-P master alloy[J].Metals and Materials International,2015,21(4):646-651.
[15]LI J H,WANG X D,LUDWIG T H,TSUNEKAWA Y,ARNBERG L,JIANG J Z,SCHUMACHER P.Modification of eutectic Si in Al-Si alloys with Eu addition[J].Acta Materialia,2015,84:153-163.
[16]李华基,胡慧芳,陈俊桃.Sr变质后Al-28%Si合金中Si相的生长行为[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(11):67-69.LI Hua-ji,HU Hui-fang,CHEN Jun-tao.Growth behavior of silicon phase of Al-28%Si alloy modified with Sr[J].Hot Working Technology,2010,39(11):67-69.
[17]张苏,杨钢,吴云峰,闫洪,赵伟.稀土La变质处理对A356铝合金显微组织的影响[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(17):69-72.ZHANG Su,YANG Gang,WU Yun-feng,YAN Hong,ZHAO Wei.Effect of rare earth La modification on microstructure of A356 aluminum alloy[J].Hot Workong Technology,2013,42(17):69-72.
[18]LU S Z,HELLAWELL A.Growth mechanism of silicon in Al-Si alloys[J].Journal of Crystal Growth,1985,73:316-328.
[19]张瑜,王宇鑫,廖文俊,王华钰,杨颖,严彪.稀土元素对过共晶铝硅合金的变质机理[J].金属功能材料,2010,17(3):86-90.ZHANG Yu,WANG Yu-xin,LIAO Wen-jun,WANG Hua-yu,YANG Ying,YAN Biao.Modification mechanism of RE on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2010,17(3):86-90.
[20]MOUSAVI G S,EMAMY M,RASSIZADEHGHANI J.The effect of mischmetal and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of A357 Al-Si casting alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,556:573-581.
[21]MAO Feng,YAN Guang-yuan,XUAN Zhen-jing,CAO Zhi-qiang,WANG Tong-min.Effect of Eu addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,650:896-906.
[22]YILMAZ F,ELLIOTT R.Halo formation in Al-Si alloys[J].Metal Science,1984,18(7):362-365.
[23]蒋伟,胡恺琪,朱向镇,武玉英,刘相法.Al-Si合金力学行为对Si相形貌敏感性的差异[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(1):15-23.JIANG Wei,HU Kai-qi,ZHU Xiang-zhen,WU Yu-ying,LIU Xiang-fa.Difference in sensitivity of mechanical behaviors for Al-Si alloys to Si phase morphologies[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(1):15-23.
[24]马广辉,李润霞,白彦华,李荣德.Si相对铸造Al-Si合金低温拉伸断裂行为的影响[J].中有色金属学报,2016,26(8):1615-1623.MA Guang-hui,LI Run-xia,BAI Yan-hua,LI Rong-de.Effect of silicon phase on tensile fracture of Al-Si alloys at low temperature[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(8):1615-1623.