马克思《莱茵报》时期的物质利益思想及其时代意义
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摘要
《莱茵报》时期是马克思思想发展的关键时期。这一时期他开始参与现实的政治生活,初次遇到了要对物质利益问题发表意见的"难事",并取得了关涉物质利益难题的系列重要理论成果。他得出了资本主义国家和法是维护有产者私人利益的物质手段,社会群体的物质利益分化直接导致了社会的阶级对立,共产主义应以最贫苦居民阶层的真正物质利益为基础,物质利益关系是隐藏在各种社会关系背后的客观本性等结论,展现出以物质利益理论为其思想主题的鲜明特点。这些思想成果不仅为马克思后来以物质利益为视角并从现实的物质生产出发来观察分析历史活动提供了基本前提,而且为党和国家在新时代科学调处社会利益关系提供了理论指南、方法导向和价值原则。
The period of "Rheinische Zeitung" is a critical period for the development of Marx's Thought. In this period, he has begun to participate in political activities and met some practical questions about material benefits. Base on the reality, he has gained some theoretical achievements. For example, the capitalist countries and the law are the major material means for bourgeoisie to safeguard their private interests. Interest differentiation leads to class conflict. The communists should build their foundation on the interests of poor people. Material benefits constitute the core of social relationship. The common features of theories proposed above is material benefits. These theories make a great contribution to the Materialist conception of history and the whole Marxist ideology. At the same time, these thoughts could be taken as the basic value, theoretical guidance and methodological guidance for our country to adjust the social interest relations.
The period of "Rheinische Zeitung" is a critical period for the development of Marx's Thought. In this period, he has begun to participate in political activities and met some practical questions about material benefits. Base on the reality, he has gained some theoretical achievements. For example, the capitalist countries and the law are the major material means for bourgeoisie to safeguard their private interests. Interest differentiation leads to class conflict. The communists should build their foundation on the interests of poor people. Material benefits constitute the core of social relationship. The common features of theories proposed above is material benefits. These theories make a great contribution to the Materialist conception of history and the whole Marxist ideology. At the same time, these thoughts could be taken as the basic value, theoretical guidance and methodological guidance for our country to adjust the social interest relations.
引文
[1]黑格尔.法哲学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016.
[2]马克思恩格斯全集,第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[3]吴晓明.“理性的法”和“私人利益”--马克思《莱茵报》时期所面临的物质利益难题[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),1994,(5).
[4]段忠桥.《莱茵报》时期使马克思苦恼的“疑问”是什么[J].学术研究,2008,(6).
[5]孙伯鍨.探索者道路的探索[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2017.
[6]陈先达,靳辉明.马克思早期思想研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2016.
[7]赵常林.马克思早期著作中某些重要论断之我见[J].马克思主义研究,1986,(6).
[8]邓小平文选,第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[9]习近平谈治国理政[M].北京:外文出版社,2014.
[10]马克思恩格斯选集,第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[11]毛泽东文集,第7卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1999.
[12]毛泽东选集,第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.
[2]马克思恩格斯全集,第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[3]吴晓明.“理性的法”和“私人利益”--马克思《莱茵报》时期所面临的物质利益难题[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),1994,(5).
[4]段忠桥.《莱茵报》时期使马克思苦恼的“疑问”是什么[J].学术研究,2008,(6).
[5]孙伯鍨.探索者道路的探索[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2017.
[6]陈先达,靳辉明.马克思早期思想研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2016.
[7]赵常林.马克思早期著作中某些重要论断之我见[J].马克思主义研究,1986,(6).
[8]邓小平文选,第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[9]习近平谈治国理政[M].北京:外文出版社,2014.
[10]马克思恩格斯选集,第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[11]毛泽东文集,第7卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1999.
[12]毛泽东选集,第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.