需求更新条件下零售商双渠道订货策略研究
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摘要
在快速反应系统下,要求零售商可以最大化满足市场的需求。本文考虑零售商存在2种订货方式,即线上订货和线下订货并假设线下订货可以立即送达;分别建立了这2种方式下的利润模型。分析了双渠道订货模式下零售商可以满足市场最大化需求但是会使自身利润降低,并通过需求更新模式分析研究了单渠道和双渠道订货模式的选择问题来实现零售商的利润最大化。最后通过算例验证模型的正确性。
In the quick response system, retailers are required to meet maximized market demand. With retailers in two order modes, online and offline ordering are analyzed, assuming offline order can be delivered immediately. A profit model is established respectively in the two ways. An analysis is conducted into the double channel order mode in which retailers can meet and maximize the market demand but will reduce their own profits, and the model is updated through the demand analysis to study the single channel and double channel order model selection problem to realize the maximization of the profits of retailers. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed models.
In the quick response system, retailers are required to meet maximized market demand. With retailers in two order modes, online and offline ordering are analyzed, assuming offline order can be delivered immediately. A profit model is established respectively in the two ways. An analysis is conducted into the double channel order mode in which retailers can meet and maximize the market demand but will reduce their own profits, and the model is updated through the demand analysis to study the single channel and double channel order model selection problem to realize the maximization of the profits of retailers. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed models.
引文
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[10]董志刚,徐庆,马骋.电子商务环境下双渠道供应链的制造商分销渠道选择[J].系统工程,2015(6):26-33.DONG Zhigang,XU Qing,MA Cheng.Manufacturers’selection of distribution channels in dual-channel supply chain based on electronic commerce[J].Systems Engineering,2015(6):26-33.
[11]高洁,刘江,周宝刚.双渠道供应链定价和提前期决策[J].商业时代,2017(6):20-22.GAO Jie,LIU Jiang,ZHOU Baogang.Pricing and early decision of dual channel supply chain[J].Commercial Times,2017(6):20-22.
[12]经有国,张爱凤,秦开大.独立随机需求下共享剩余库存的双渠道订货模型[J].系统工程,2016(5):67-71.JING Youguo,ZHANG Aifeng,QIN Kaida.The dual-channel ordering model of surplus inventory shared with independent random demand[J].System engineering,2016(5):67-71.
[13]刘峥,徐琪.不同市场需求在合作策略和非合作策略下双渠道供应链最优订货模型[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(5):696-705.LIU Zheng,XU Qi.Optimal order model of dual-channel supply chain based on non-cooperative and cooperative strategies under different demand distribution[J].Journal Of Donghua University(Natural Science),2015,41(5):696-705.
[14]王虹,周晶,孙玉玲.竞争环境下双渠道供应链的决策与协调研究[J].运筹与管理,2011,20(1):35-40.WANG Hong,ZHOU Jing,SUN Yuling.Study on decisions and coordination of dual channel supply chain in competitive environment[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2011,20(1):35-40.
[15]徐兵,刘露.CVa R准则下双渠道供应链订货与信息搭便车行为[J].工业工程,2014,17(5):99-107.XU Bing,LIU Lu.A study of the order and information freeriding behavior of dual-channel supply chain based on CVa Rcriterion[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,2014,17(5):99-107.
[2]艾明晔,宋加升.快速反应能力是增强制造企业竞争力的关键[J].科技与管理,1999(2):20-23.AI Mingye,SONG Jiasheng.The Rapid Response Ability is the Key to Enhance Competitive Power of Manufacturing Enterprise[J].Science-Technology and Management,1999(2):20-23.
[3]曹英姿.基于快速反应能力的组织结构的演进[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004:20-22.CAO Yingzi.The evolution of organizational structure based on rapid response capability[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Technology,2004:20-22.
[4]宋华明,杨慧,罗建强,等.需求预测更新情形下的供应链Stackelberg博弈与协调研究[J].中国管理科学,2010,18(4):86-92.SONG Huaming,YANG Hui,LUO Jianqiang,et al.Supplier-buyer Stackelberg game and supply chain coordination with demand forecast updating[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2010,18(04),86-92.
[5]ZHENG M,WU K,SHU Y.Newsvendor problems with demand forecast updating and supply constraints[M].Elsevier Science Ltd.2016.
[6]HE Y,ZHAO X.Coordination in multi-echelon supply chain under supply and demand uncertainty[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2012,139(1):106-115.
[7]LIU W,LIU X,LI X.The two-stage batch ordering strategy of logistics service capacity with demand update[J].Transportation Research Part E,2015,83:65-89.
[8]ZHENG M,WU K,SHU Y.Newsvendor problems with demand forecast updating and supply constraints[M].Elsevier Science Ltd.2016:193-206.
[9]郭金森,周永务,钟远光.基于资金约束零售商的双渠道制造商贸易信贷与提前订货折扣契约选择策略研究[C],中国系统工程学会学术年会.2016.GUO Jinsen,ZHOU Yongwu,ZHONG Yuanguang,The selection of trade credit and advance booking discount contract for dual channel manufacturer with the retailer's capital constraint[C].Systems Science and Information academic conference.2016.
[10]董志刚,徐庆,马骋.电子商务环境下双渠道供应链的制造商分销渠道选择[J].系统工程,2015(6):26-33.DONG Zhigang,XU Qing,MA Cheng.Manufacturers’selection of distribution channels in dual-channel supply chain based on electronic commerce[J].Systems Engineering,2015(6):26-33.
[11]高洁,刘江,周宝刚.双渠道供应链定价和提前期决策[J].商业时代,2017(6):20-22.GAO Jie,LIU Jiang,ZHOU Baogang.Pricing and early decision of dual channel supply chain[J].Commercial Times,2017(6):20-22.
[12]经有国,张爱凤,秦开大.独立随机需求下共享剩余库存的双渠道订货模型[J].系统工程,2016(5):67-71.JING Youguo,ZHANG Aifeng,QIN Kaida.The dual-channel ordering model of surplus inventory shared with independent random demand[J].System engineering,2016(5):67-71.
[13]刘峥,徐琪.不同市场需求在合作策略和非合作策略下双渠道供应链最优订货模型[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(5):696-705.LIU Zheng,XU Qi.Optimal order model of dual-channel supply chain based on non-cooperative and cooperative strategies under different demand distribution[J].Journal Of Donghua University(Natural Science),2015,41(5):696-705.
[14]王虹,周晶,孙玉玲.竞争环境下双渠道供应链的决策与协调研究[J].运筹与管理,2011,20(1):35-40.WANG Hong,ZHOU Jing,SUN Yuling.Study on decisions and coordination of dual channel supply chain in competitive environment[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2011,20(1):35-40.
[15]徐兵,刘露.CVa R准则下双渠道供应链订货与信息搭便车行为[J].工业工程,2014,17(5):99-107.XU Bing,LIU Lu.A study of the order and information freeriding behavior of dual-channel supply chain based on CVa Rcriterion[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,2014,17(5):99-107.