技术许可下信息分享和政府补贴对闭环供应链的影响分析——基于经销商再制造模式
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摘要
研究了信息分享对制造商许可经销商从事再制造模式下闭环供应链的影响。分别建立了无信息分享和信息分享下经销商再制造和制造商再制造两种模式下的闭环供应链模型并分析了政府补贴对废旧产品回收量和渠道成员决策的影响。研究发现,当经销商对制造商进行信息分享时,经销商的利润减少,而制造商的利润增加。渠道领导者制造商总是能从再制造活动中抽取利润,在经销商再制造模式下,制造商通过收取许可费分享再制造的利润;在制造商再制造模式下,制造商设定适当的批发价格及回收价格协调正向流和逆向流,从而实现利润最大化。同时表明了政府补贴的刺激会显著地提高废旧产品的回收量。
The economic and environmental benefits of remanufacturing have attracted considerable attention in literature and practice. This paper analyzes a closed-loop supply chain where the manufacturer licenses the distributor to remanufacture and the distributor decides whether to share his private demand information with the manufacturer. Moreover, we investigate the impact of information sharing on distributor-remanufacturing and manufacturer-remanufacturing modes, and examine how government subsidy affects collection quantity of used products and chain members' profits. We show that, when the distributor shares information with the manufacturer, the distributor's profit decreases while the manufacturers profit increases. In the distributor-remanufacturing mode, the manufacturer would share the remanufacturing profits by charging a licensing fee from the distributor. While in the manufacturer-remanufacturing mode, the manufacturer would set an appropriate wholesale price and acquisition price to coordinate the forward and reverse flows, and eventually maximize his own profit. We also show that, the government subsidy results in a positive effect on collection quantity of used products, the licensing fee and chain members' profits. Specifically, when the unit subsidy is large enough, the manufacturer would choose the manufacturer-remanufacturing mode as he can directly obtain government subsidy by collecting and remanufacturing used products. When the unit subsidy is relatively small, the manufacturer prefers the distributor-remanufacturing rather than manufacturer-remanufacturing mode. These results can provide new insights on distributor-remanufacturing mode in a closed-loop supply chain in the presence of information sharing and government subsidy.
The economic and environmental benefits of remanufacturing have attracted considerable attention in literature and practice. This paper analyzes a closed-loop supply chain where the manufacturer licenses the distributor to remanufacture and the distributor decides whether to share his private demand information with the manufacturer. Moreover, we investigate the impact of information sharing on distributor-remanufacturing and manufacturer-remanufacturing modes, and examine how government subsidy affects collection quantity of used products and chain members' profits. We show that, when the distributor shares information with the manufacturer, the distributor's profit decreases while the manufacturers profit increases. In the distributor-remanufacturing mode, the manufacturer would share the remanufacturing profits by charging a licensing fee from the distributor. While in the manufacturer-remanufacturing mode, the manufacturer would set an appropriate wholesale price and acquisition price to coordinate the forward and reverse flows, and eventually maximize his own profit. We also show that, the government subsidy results in a positive effect on collection quantity of used products, the licensing fee and chain members' profits. Specifically, when the unit subsidy is large enough, the manufacturer would choose the manufacturer-remanufacturing mode as he can directly obtain government subsidy by collecting and remanufacturing used products. When the unit subsidy is relatively small, the manufacturer prefers the distributor-remanufacturing rather than manufacturer-remanufacturing mode. These results can provide new insights on distributor-remanufacturing mode in a closed-loop supply chain in the presence of information sharing and government subsidy.
引文
[1] Mutha A, Bansal S, Guide V D R. Managing demand uncertainty through core acquisition in remanufacturing[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2016, 25(8): 1449-1464.
[2] Yenipazarli A. Managing new and remanufactured products to mitigate environmental damage under emissions regulation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, 249(1): 117-130.
[3] 李新然,何琦.双渠道销售差别定价闭环供应链协调应对生产成本扰动研究[J].运筹与管理,2015,24(4):45-51.
[4] Esenduran G, Kemahlo E, Swaminathan J M. Impact of take-back regulation on the remanufacturing industry[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2017, 26(5): 924-944.
[5] Atasu A, ?zdemir ?, Van Wassenhove L N. Stakeholder perspectives on e-waste take-back legislation[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2013, 22(2): 382-396.
[6] 黄祖庆,达庆利.直线型再制造供应链决策结构的效率分析[J].管理科学学报,2006,9(4):51-57.
[7] ?rsdemir A, Kemahlo E, Parlaktürk A K. Competitive quality choice and remanufacturing[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2014, 23(1): 48- 64.
[8] Atasu A, Guide V D R, Van Wassenhove L N. So what if remanufacturing cannibalizes my new product sales[J]. California management review, 2010, 52(2): 56-76.
[9] Wu C H. Product-design and pricing strategies with remanufacturing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 222(2): 204-215.
[10] Arora A, Fosfuri A, R?nde T. Managing licensing in a market for technology[J]. Management Science, 2013, 59(5): 1092-1106.
[11] Zou Z B, Wang J J, Deng G S, Chen H. Third-party remanufacturing mode selection: outsourcing or authorization[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2016, 87: 1-19.
[12] 熊中楷,申成然,彭志强.专利保护下再制造闭环供应链协调机制研究[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(6):76- 85.
[13] 熊中楷,王凯,熊榆.经销商从事再制造的闭环供应链模式研究[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(11):1-9.
[14] 姚卫新.再制造条件下逆向物流回收模式的研究[J].管理科学,2004(1):76-79.
[15] Wang K, Zhao Y, Cheng Y, et al. Cooperation or competition? channel choice for a remanufacturing fashion supply chain with government subsidy[J]. Sustainability, 2014, 6(10): 7292-7310.
[16] Savaskan R C, Bhattacharya S, Van Wassenhove L N. Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing[J]. Management Science, 2004, 50(2): 239-252.
[17] Ferrer G, Swaminathan J M. Managing new and remanufactured products[J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(1):15-26.
[18] Wu C H. Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 140(1): 496-507.
[19] Oraiopoulos N, Ferguson M E, Toktay L B. Relicensing as a secondary market strategy[J]. Management Science, 2012, 58(5): 1022-1037.
[20] Hong X, Govindan K, Xu L, Du P. Quantity and collection decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with technology licensing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 256(3): 820- 829.
[21] Lee H L, Whang S. Information sharing in a supply chain[J]. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 2000, 1(1): 79-93.
[22] Yao D Q, Yue X, Liu J. Vertical cost information sharing in a supply chain with value-adding retailers[J]. Omega, 2008, 36(5): 838- 851.
[23] Zhang J, Chen J. Coordination of information sharing in a supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 143(1): 178-187.
[24] Shang W, Ha A Y, Tong S. Information sharing in a supply chain with a common retailer[J]. Management Science, 2015, 62(1): 245-263.
[25] Li L, Zhang H. Confidentiality and information sharing in supply chain coordination[J]. Management Science, 2008, 54(8): 1467-1481.
[26] 聂佳佳.零售商信息分享对闭环供应链回收模式的影响[J].管理科学学报,2013,16(5):69- 82.
[27] Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bai T, Shang J. Reward-penalty mechanism for closed-loop supply chains under responsibility-sharing and different power structures[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2015, 170: 178-190.
[28] Miao Z, Mao H, Fu K, Wang Y. Remanufacturing with trade-ins under carbon regulations[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2018, 89: 253-268.
[29] 朱庆华,夏西强,李幻云.政府补贴与专利费用下制造与再制造博弈模型[J].系统工程学报,2017,1(32):8-18.
[30] Li L. Information sharing in a supply chain with horizontal competition[J]. Management Science, 2002, 48(9): 1196-1212.
[31] Yue X, Liu J. Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 174(1): 646- 667.
[32] Wu C H. Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 140(1): 496-507.
[33] Huang M, Song M, Lee L H, Ching W K. Analysis for strategy of closed-loop supply chain with dual recycling channel[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 144(2): 510-520.
[34] Ma Z J, Nian Z, Ying D, Shu H. Managing channel profits of different cooperative models in closed-loop supply chains[J]. Omega, 2016, 59: 251-262.
[35] Shi J, Zhang G, Sha J. Optimal production and pricing policy for a closed loop system[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55(6): 639- 647.
[36] Bakal I S, Akcali E. Effects of random yield in remanufacturing with price-sensitive supply and demand[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2006, 15(3): 407- 420.
[37] Choi T M, Li Y, Xu L. Channel leadership, performance and coordination in closed loop supply chains[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 146(1): 371-380.
[38] De Giovanni P, Reddy P V, Zaccour G. Incentive strategies for an optimal recovery program in a closed-loop supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, 249(2): 605- 617.
[2] Yenipazarli A. Managing new and remanufactured products to mitigate environmental damage under emissions regulation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, 249(1): 117-130.
[3] 李新然,何琦.双渠道销售差别定价闭环供应链协调应对生产成本扰动研究[J].运筹与管理,2015,24(4):45-51.
[4] Esenduran G, Kemahlo E, Swaminathan J M. Impact of take-back regulation on the remanufacturing industry[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2017, 26(5): 924-944.
[5] Atasu A, ?zdemir ?, Van Wassenhove L N. Stakeholder perspectives on e-waste take-back legislation[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2013, 22(2): 382-396.
[6] 黄祖庆,达庆利.直线型再制造供应链决策结构的效率分析[J].管理科学学报,2006,9(4):51-57.
[7] ?rsdemir A, Kemahlo E, Parlaktürk A K. Competitive quality choice and remanufacturing[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2014, 23(1): 48- 64.
[8] Atasu A, Guide V D R, Van Wassenhove L N. So what if remanufacturing cannibalizes my new product sales[J]. California management review, 2010, 52(2): 56-76.
[9] Wu C H. Product-design and pricing strategies with remanufacturing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 222(2): 204-215.
[10] Arora A, Fosfuri A, R?nde T. Managing licensing in a market for technology[J]. Management Science, 2013, 59(5): 1092-1106.
[11] Zou Z B, Wang J J, Deng G S, Chen H. Third-party remanufacturing mode selection: outsourcing or authorization[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2016, 87: 1-19.
[12] 熊中楷,申成然,彭志强.专利保护下再制造闭环供应链协调机制研究[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(6):76- 85.
[13] 熊中楷,王凯,熊榆.经销商从事再制造的闭环供应链模式研究[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(11):1-9.
[14] 姚卫新.再制造条件下逆向物流回收模式的研究[J].管理科学,2004(1):76-79.
[15] Wang K, Zhao Y, Cheng Y, et al. Cooperation or competition? channel choice for a remanufacturing fashion supply chain with government subsidy[J]. Sustainability, 2014, 6(10): 7292-7310.
[16] Savaskan R C, Bhattacharya S, Van Wassenhove L N. Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing[J]. Management Science, 2004, 50(2): 239-252.
[17] Ferrer G, Swaminathan J M. Managing new and remanufactured products[J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(1):15-26.
[18] Wu C H. Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 140(1): 496-507.
[19] Oraiopoulos N, Ferguson M E, Toktay L B. Relicensing as a secondary market strategy[J]. Management Science, 2012, 58(5): 1022-1037.
[20] Hong X, Govindan K, Xu L, Du P. Quantity and collection decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with technology licensing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 256(3): 820- 829.
[21] Lee H L, Whang S. Information sharing in a supply chain[J]. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 2000, 1(1): 79-93.
[22] Yao D Q, Yue X, Liu J. Vertical cost information sharing in a supply chain with value-adding retailers[J]. Omega, 2008, 36(5): 838- 851.
[23] Zhang J, Chen J. Coordination of information sharing in a supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 143(1): 178-187.
[24] Shang W, Ha A Y, Tong S. Information sharing in a supply chain with a common retailer[J]. Management Science, 2015, 62(1): 245-263.
[25] Li L, Zhang H. Confidentiality and information sharing in supply chain coordination[J]. Management Science, 2008, 54(8): 1467-1481.
[26] 聂佳佳.零售商信息分享对闭环供应链回收模式的影响[J].管理科学学报,2013,16(5):69- 82.
[27] Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bai T, Shang J. Reward-penalty mechanism for closed-loop supply chains under responsibility-sharing and different power structures[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2015, 170: 178-190.
[28] Miao Z, Mao H, Fu K, Wang Y. Remanufacturing with trade-ins under carbon regulations[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2018, 89: 253-268.
[29] 朱庆华,夏西强,李幻云.政府补贴与专利费用下制造与再制造博弈模型[J].系统工程学报,2017,1(32):8-18.
[30] Li L. Information sharing in a supply chain with horizontal competition[J]. Management Science, 2002, 48(9): 1196-1212.
[31] Yue X, Liu J. Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 174(1): 646- 667.
[32] Wu C H. Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 140(1): 496-507.
[33] Huang M, Song M, Lee L H, Ching W K. Analysis for strategy of closed-loop supply chain with dual recycling channel[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 144(2): 510-520.
[34] Ma Z J, Nian Z, Ying D, Shu H. Managing channel profits of different cooperative models in closed-loop supply chains[J]. Omega, 2016, 59: 251-262.
[35] Shi J, Zhang G, Sha J. Optimal production and pricing policy for a closed loop system[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55(6): 639- 647.
[36] Bakal I S, Akcali E. Effects of random yield in remanufacturing with price-sensitive supply and demand[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2006, 15(3): 407- 420.
[37] Choi T M, Li Y, Xu L. Channel leadership, performance and coordination in closed loop supply chains[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 146(1): 371-380.
[38] De Giovanni P, Reddy P V, Zaccour G. Incentive strategies for an optimal recovery program in a closed-loop supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, 249(2): 605- 617.