清末民初山东公路交通发展述论
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摘要
清末民初德国占领青岛之后,出于军事及经济目的,在当地大力修筑现代公路,是为山东公路交通发展的初始;民初由于政局动荡,公路规划与建设并无实质进展,1920年代之后山东公路交通事业渐次展开,商营及官办公路运输业渐有起色。这一时期虽还未造就新的交通枢纽,但公路交通建设投资少、机动灵活、速达性好的特点使其在中短途运输中具有了独特优势。随着新式交通的发展,交通运输方式开始逐步转型,传统的交通运输格局受到巨大冲击。总体来看,清末民初山东公路建设与运输开始起步,并逐渐在商品流通、人员往来及社会变迁中发挥日益重要的作用。
The transportation system experienced the process of transforming from water transportation to rail transportation in modern Shandong. With the development and evolution of highway construction technology and automobile manufacturing industry, till the Republic of China, the real significance of highway planning, construction, transportation, management and other undertakings in Shandong was gradually opened. The road in this period had not created a new transport hub, but highway construction investment, flexibility, speed and good characteristics made it have unique advantages in short transportation. With the development of new traffic, the mode of transportation begins to change gradually, and the traditional pattern of traffic and transportation is greatly impacted. Generally speaking, the construction and transportation of Shandong highway started in late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and gradually played an increasingly important role in commodity circulation, personnel exchanges and social changes.
The transportation system experienced the process of transforming from water transportation to rail transportation in modern Shandong. With the development and evolution of highway construction technology and automobile manufacturing industry, till the Republic of China, the real significance of highway planning, construction, transportation, management and other undertakings in Shandong was gradually opened. The road in this period had not created a new transport hub, but highway construction investment, flexibility, speed and good characteristics made it have unique advantages in short transportation. With the development of new traffic, the mode of transportation begins to change gradually, and the traditional pattern of traffic and transportation is greatly impacted. Generally speaking, the construction and transportation of Shandong highway started in late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and gradually played an increasingly important role in commodity circulation, personnel exchanges and social changes.
引文
[1] 周一士.中国公路史[M]//沈云龙.近代中国史资料丛刊续编:第九十三辑.台北:文海出版社,1957.
[2] 黄棣侯.山东公路史:第一册[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1989.
[3] 赵琪修,袁荣叟.交通志[M]//胶澳志:卷六.铅印本.1928:3.
[4] 青岛史志办公室.青岛市志·房产志[M].北京:新华出版社,1999:1.
[5] 陆安.青岛近现代史[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2001.
[6] 华纳 T.近代青岛的城市规划与建设[M].青岛市档案馆,编译.南京:东南大学出版社,2011:153.
[7] 青岛之道路与沟渠[J].赵祖康,译述.道路月刊,1925(2):4-6.
[8] 叶恭绰.我国公路应注意的几点[J].道路月刊,1923(1):17-20.
[9] 青岛市档案馆.帝国主义与胶海关[M].北京:档案出版社,1986.
[10] 张博.清代京羊路运输条件分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(社会科学版),2017(5):58.
[11] 中央党部国民经济计划委员会.十年来之中国经济建设(一九二七-九三七):上篇[M].台北:中央文物供应社,1976:9.
[12] 山东省长准咨送修治水陆道路章程暨计划概略请备案等因咨行查照所有嗣后道路工程计划仍希陆续报部文[J].内务公报,1920(79):48.
[13] 佚名.调查:山东全省道路之规划[J].道路月刊,1922(1):51.
[14] 赵祖康.发刊词[J].交通杂志,1936(1/2):8.
[15] 中央党部国民经济计划委员会.十年来之中国经济建设(一九二七-九三七)[M].南京:扶轮日报社,1937.
[16] 山东交通史志编审委员会.山东公路运输史:第一册[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1992.
[17] 朱契.满州移民的历史与现状[J].东方杂志,1928(12):216.
[18] 周传铭.1927济南快览[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2011:84.
① 完工时间无确切记载,据青岛档案馆所存一份德国工程师史克·耐尔对该路的“改造设计方案”推测,该路的完工时间应是1905年左右。
[2] 黄棣侯.山东公路史:第一册[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1989.
[3] 赵琪修,袁荣叟.交通志[M]//胶澳志:卷六.铅印本.1928:3.
[4] 青岛史志办公室.青岛市志·房产志[M].北京:新华出版社,1999:1.
[5] 陆安.青岛近现代史[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2001.
[6] 华纳 T.近代青岛的城市规划与建设[M].青岛市档案馆,编译.南京:东南大学出版社,2011:153.
[7] 青岛之道路与沟渠[J].赵祖康,译述.道路月刊,1925(2):4-6.
[8] 叶恭绰.我国公路应注意的几点[J].道路月刊,1923(1):17-20.
[9] 青岛市档案馆.帝国主义与胶海关[M].北京:档案出版社,1986.
[10] 张博.清代京羊路运输条件分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(社会科学版),2017(5):58.
[11] 中央党部国民经济计划委员会.十年来之中国经济建设(一九二七-九三七):上篇[M].台北:中央文物供应社,1976:9.
[12] 山东省长准咨送修治水陆道路章程暨计划概略请备案等因咨行查照所有嗣后道路工程计划仍希陆续报部文[J].内务公报,1920(79):48.
[13] 佚名.调查:山东全省道路之规划[J].道路月刊,1922(1):51.
[14] 赵祖康.发刊词[J].交通杂志,1936(1/2):8.
[15] 中央党部国民经济计划委员会.十年来之中国经济建设(一九二七-九三七)[M].南京:扶轮日报社,1937.
[16] 山东交通史志编审委员会.山东公路运输史:第一册[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1992.
[17] 朱契.满州移民的历史与现状[J].东方杂志,1928(12):216.
[18] 周传铭.1927济南快览[M].济南:齐鲁书社,2011:84.
① 完工时间无确切记载,据青岛档案馆所存一份德国工程师史克·耐尔对该路的“改造设计方案”推测,该路的完工时间应是1905年左右。