2013—2015年上海市嘉定区非职业性一氧化碳中毒流行病学特征分析
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摘要
目的分析2013—2015年上海市嘉定区非职业性一氧化碳(CO)中毒流行病学特征,以便采取针对性的预防控制措施。方法对2013—2015年嘉定区非职业性CO中毒监测报告资料进行统计分析。结果 2013—2015年嘉定区共报告非职业性CO中毒74例,年报告发病率为1.58/105。轻度中毒68例(91.89%);死亡1例,病死率1.35%。每月均有病例报告,但主要集中出现在每年12月至次年3月,共47例,其中因炭火取暖及煤气热水器使用不当所致的各占55.32%及42.55%;6—7月也有中毒病例的聚集,共17例,其中因人工煤气泄漏及炭火烧烤食物所致的各占47.06%及29.41%。中毒发生场所包括居民家庭及餐饮店,分别占总数的85.14%及14.86%。年龄范围为1～65岁,其中0～6岁年龄组发病率高于其他年龄组(P<0.05),16～60岁年龄组女性发病率高于男性(P<0.05)。结论嘉定区非职业性CO中毒每月均有发生,需继续做好病例的临床诊疗工作,并根据非职业性CO中毒发生的流行病学特征开展具有针对性的健康宣教工作,进一步指导居民做好室内通风、安全取暖及正确使用煤气热水器。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Jiading District from 2013 to 2015 in order to take pertinent preventive and control measures. Methods The monitoring data of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Jiading District from 2013 to 2015 was analyzed. Results A total of 74 cases of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning were reported in Jiading District from 2013 to 2015, with an annual reported incidence of 1.58/105. There were 68 cases of mild poisoning(91.89%) and one case of death(1.35%). Monthly cases were reported, but mainly occurred in December to March of the following year with 47 cases; of which 55.32% and 42.55% were caused by improper use of charcoal fire heating and gas water heater; 17 cases of poisoning were also reported from June to July, and of which 47.06% and 29.41% were caused by leakage of artificial gas and roasting food by charcoal fire. Poisoning sites included households and restaurants, accounting for 85.14% and 14.86% of the total, respectively. Age ranged from 1 to 65 years old, and the incidence of 0 to 6 years old group was higher than other age groups(P<0.05), and the incidence of 16 to 60 years old group was higher in women than in men(P<0.05). Conclusions Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning may occur every month in Jiading District. It is necessary to continue to do a good job in clinical diagnosis and treatment of cases, and carry out targeted health education according to the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning, so as to further guide residents to do a good job in indoor ventilation, safe heating and correct use of gas water heater.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Jiading District from 2013 to 2015 in order to take pertinent preventive and control measures. Methods The monitoring data of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Jiading District from 2013 to 2015 was analyzed. Results A total of 74 cases of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning were reported in Jiading District from 2013 to 2015, with an annual reported incidence of 1.58/105. There were 68 cases of mild poisoning(91.89%) and one case of death(1.35%). Monthly cases were reported, but mainly occurred in December to March of the following year with 47 cases; of which 55.32% and 42.55% were caused by improper use of charcoal fire heating and gas water heater; 17 cases of poisoning were also reported from June to July, and of which 47.06% and 29.41% were caused by leakage of artificial gas and roasting food by charcoal fire. Poisoning sites included households and restaurants, accounting for 85.14% and 14.86% of the total, respectively. Age ranged from 1 to 65 years old, and the incidence of 0 to 6 years old group was higher than other age groups(P<0.05), and the incidence of 16 to 60 years old group was higher in women than in men(P<0.05). Conclusions Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning may occur every month in Jiading District. It is necessary to continue to do a good job in clinical diagnosis and treatment of cases, and carry out targeted health education according to the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning, so as to further guide residents to do a good job in indoor ventilation, safe heating and correct use of gas water heater.
引文
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[7]王丽英,孙中兴,王慧.2008-2011年上海市松江区非职业性一氧化碳中毒情况分析[J].中外健康文摘,2011, 8(31):129-130.
[8]史一焱,帅菲斐,王雪梅,等.深圳市外来务工人员一氧化碳中毒认知情况调查[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(1):76-77.
[9]张晓云,解以扬,张忠琴,等.气象因素对某非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2007,24(12):979-981.
[10]王晓明,孙力,刘海峰,等.一次大范围一氧化碳中毒事件的气象条件[J].气象, 2007, 33(2):102-106..
[2]中华人民共和国卫生应急办.公室非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件应急预案[R/OL].(2006-09-18).[2018-12-21].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/yjb/s3585/200804/c3d126e3f4e a402aa6929ae58dc96139.shtml.
[3]丛玲,许永喜,李静.非职业性一氧化碳中毒320例临床分析[J].中国实用医刊, 2012, 39(15):77-78.
[4]陈秀荣,孙淑滨,刘琳琳.章丘市2006-2010年非职业性一氧化碳中毒病例调查分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2011, 25(8):75-76.
[5]钱旭东,高金鑫.非职业性一氧化碳中毒201起事件分析[J].职业与健康, 2011, 27(10):76-77.
[6]赵宜静,杨敏娟,胡昕冬,等.385例非职业性一氧化碳中毒流行病学特征分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2013, 31(4):287-288.
[7]王丽英,孙中兴,王慧.2008-2011年上海市松江区非职业性一氧化碳中毒情况分析[J].中外健康文摘,2011, 8(31):129-130.
[8]史一焱,帅菲斐,王雪梅,等.深圳市外来务工人员一氧化碳中毒认知情况调查[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(1):76-77.
[9]张晓云,解以扬,张忠琴,等.气象因素对某非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2007,24(12):979-981.
[10]王晓明,孙力,刘海峰,等.一次大范围一氧化碳中毒事件的气象条件[J].气象, 2007, 33(2):102-106..