郑州主城区公园绿地可达性与访问偏好匹配度的空间格局研究
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摘要
现有对城市公园绿地利用的评价多从人均公园绿地面积、绿地覆盖率等指标衡量,忽略了对绿地使用者(城市居民)的关注,致使很难真正从评价结果得知公园绿地的空间配置是否合理。从公园绿地的可达性与居民的访问偏好等要素着眼,探究两者匹配程度,采用腾讯宜出行及百度规划路径时间等开源大数据,更具客观性、真实性地评价了郑州主城区公园绿地。结果表明:郑州主城区街旁绿地访问密度均值最高,专类公园访问密度均值最低,街旁绿地可达性高,社区公园次之,专类公园可达性在部分区域较好。郑州主城区公园绿地整体利用匹配度较差,其中综合公园利用匹配度最高,社区公园与街旁绿地次之,分布在郊区的专类公园匹配度最低,未能被妥善利用。绿化程度、社会活力、地价、绿地面积和形态指数对城市公园绿地的利用匹配度有影响,但对不同种类的公园绿地影响程度不同。因此,可以有选择地提高这些指标来改善相应公园绿地的利用匹配度。
In the existing evaluation of the utilization of urban park, most of the indexes such as per capita park green space area or the percentage of park coverage, ignoring the concern of urban resident, which makes it difficult to know whether the spatial allocation of park is reasonable. This paper focuses on the accessibility of park and the visiting preference of resident, and puts forward the matching index of park. It evaluates parks more objectively and authentically by using open source data such as "Easygo" data and Baidu map planned route time. The results showed that the mean value of visit density of street garden is the highest and at theme park is relatively lower, and the accessibility of the street garden is higher, followed by the community park, the theme park in terms of accessibility is good only in some areas. The matching index of park green space in Zhengzhou is poor in general. Among them, the matching degree of comprehensive park is the highest, whereas community park and street garden not so much high. The matching degree of the theme park in the suburbs is the lowest and they are not properly used currently. Greening degree, social vitality, land price, green space area and landscape shape index have the impacts on the matching index of park, while for the different kinds of park green space, their influence factors are various. Therefore, the matching index of park could be enhanced by improving corresponding influence factors.
In the existing evaluation of the utilization of urban park, most of the indexes such as per capita park green space area or the percentage of park coverage, ignoring the concern of urban resident, which makes it difficult to know whether the spatial allocation of park is reasonable. This paper focuses on the accessibility of park and the visiting preference of resident, and puts forward the matching index of park. It evaluates parks more objectively and authentically by using open source data such as "Easygo" data and Baidu map planned route time. The results showed that the mean value of visit density of street garden is the highest and at theme park is relatively lower, and the accessibility of the street garden is higher, followed by the community park, the theme park in terms of accessibility is good only in some areas. The matching index of park green space in Zhengzhou is poor in general. Among them, the matching degree of comprehensive park is the highest, whereas community park and street garden not so much high. The matching degree of the theme park in the suburbs is the lowest and they are not properly used currently. Greening degree, social vitality, land price, green space area and landscape shape index have the impacts on the matching index of park, while for the different kinds of park green space, their influence factors are various. Therefore, the matching index of park could be enhanced by improving corresponding influence factors.
引文
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[23] 唐婧娴.多中心与单中心区域内城市的交通供给效率——基于等时间交通圈的对比研究及规划政策刍议[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(1):119-127.
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[29] HARRIS V,KENDAL D,HAHS A K,et al.Green Space Context and Vegetation Complexity Shape People’s Preferences for Urban Public Parks and Residential Gardens[J].Landscape Research,2018,48(1):150-162.
[30] MOSER D,ZECHMEISTER H G,PLUTZAR C,et al.Landscape Patch Shape Complexity as An Effective Measure for Plant Species Richness in Rural Landscapes[J].Landscape Ecology,2002,17(7):657-669.
[2] MARUSIC B G.Social Behaviour as A Basis for Design and Development of Green Infrastructure[J].Urbani Izziv,2015(26):130-149.
[3] TZOULAS K,KORPELA K,VENN S,et al.Promoting Ecosystem and Human Health in Urban Areas Using Green Infrastructure:A Literature Review[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2007,81(3):167-178.
[4] 唐子来,顾姝.上海市中心城区公共绿地分布的社会绩效评价:从地域公平到社会公平[J].城市规划学刊,2015(2):48-56.
[5] 丁向阳,董桂萍.论生态城市绿地系统的综合效益[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(3):53-56.
[6] GOBSTER P H.Perception and Use of A Metropolitan Greenway System for Recreation[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,1995,33(1):401-413.
[7] SHEN Y,SUN F,CHE Y.Public Green Spaces and Human Wellbeing:Mapping the Spatial Inequity and Mismatching Status of Public Green Space in the Central City of Shanghai[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2017,27:59-68.
[8] 李方正,董莎莎,李雄,等.北京市中心城绿地使用空间分布研究——基于大数据的实证分析[J].中国园林,2016,2(9):122-128.
[9] 陈秋晓,侯焱,吴霜.机会公平视角下绍兴城市公园绿地可达性评价[J].地理科学,2016,36(3):375-383.
[10] XIAO Y,WANG Z,LI Z,et al.An Assessment of Urban Park Access in Shanghai:Implications for the Social Equity in Urban China[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2017,157(1):383-393.
[11] HUANG C,YANG J,LU H,et al.Green Spaces as An Indicator of Urban Health:Evaluating Its Changes in 28 Mega-cities[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(12):1266-1281.
[12] 林广思.城市绿地统计问题及分析[J].城市规划,2013,37(5):80-84.
[13] 徐艳玲,李迪华,俞孔坚.城市公园使用状况评价应用案例研究——以秦皇岛汤河公园为例[J].新建筑,2011(1):114-117.
[14] XIAO Y,LU Y,GUO Y,et al.Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Green Space Services in Shanghai:Implications for Social Equity in Urban China[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2017,26:95-103.
[15] NIU N,LIU X,JIN H,et al.Integrating Multi-source Big Data to Infer Building Functions[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2017,31(9):1871-1890.
[16] CHEN Y,LIU X,GAO W,et al.Emerging Social Media Data on Measuring Urban Park Use and Their Relationship with Surrounding Areas—A Case Study of Shenzhen[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2018,31:130-141.
[17] 浩飞龙,王士君,谢栋灿,等.基于互联网地图服务的长春市商业中心可达性分析[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):68-75.
[18] HERZELE A V,WIEDEMANN T.A Monitoring Tool for the Provision of Accessible and Attractive Urban Green Spaces[J].Landscape & Urban Planning,2003,63(2):109-126.
[19] 彭菁,罗静,熊娟,等.国内外基本公共服务可达性研究进展[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(2):20-25.
[20] 程林,王法辉,修春亮.基于GIS的长春市中心城区大型超市服务区分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(4):54-58.
[21] 王德,刘锴.上海市一日交流圈的空间特征和动态变化研究[J].城市规划学刊,2003(3):3-10.
[22] 黄翌,李陈,欧向军,等.城际“1小时交通圈”地学定量研究——以上海主城区为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(2):157-166.
[23] 唐婧娴.多中心与单中心区域内城市的交通供给效率——基于等时间交通圈的对比研究及规划政策刍议[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(1):119-127.
[24] ANSELIN L.The Local Indicators of Spatial Association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[25] WARTENBERG D.Multivariate Spatial Correlation:A Method for Exploratory Geographical Analysis[J].Geographical Analysis,1985,17(4):263-283.
[26] FORSYTH A,HEARST M,OAKES J M,et al.Design and Destinations: Factors Influencing Walking and Total Physical Activity[J].Urban Studies,2008,45(9):1973-1996.
[27] GILESCORTI B,BROOMHALL M H,KNUIMAN M,et al.Increasing Walking:How Important is Distance to,Attractiveness,and Size of Public Open Space?[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2005,28(2):169-176.
[28] KOOHSARI M J,MAVOA S,VILLANUEVA K,et al.Public Open Space, Physical Activity,Urban Design and Public Health:Concepts,Methods and Research Agenda[J].Health & Place, 2015,33:75-82.
[29] HARRIS V,KENDAL D,HAHS A K,et al.Green Space Context and Vegetation Complexity Shape People’s Preferences for Urban Public Parks and Residential Gardens[J].Landscape Research,2018,48(1):150-162.
[30] MOSER D,ZECHMEISTER H G,PLUTZAR C,et al.Landscape Patch Shape Complexity as An Effective Measure for Plant Species Richness in Rural Landscapes[J].Landscape Ecology,2002,17(7):657-669.