2种地衣共生蓝藻的分离鉴定及其形成藻结皮条件的研究
|
摘要
以2种地衣——地卷(Peltigera rufescens)和平盘软地卷(Peltigera elisabethae)为研究材料,分离培养地衣共生藻,通过形态特征的观察结合rDNA-ITS序列分析确定其分类地位,并对地衣共生藻在试验室模拟条件下形成人工藻结皮的优化条件进行分析,为地衣共生藻资源的开发和生产实际利用提供依据。结果表明:(1)从平盘软地卷和地卷分离的藻株I1b和L2均属于蓝藻,基于ITS序列构建的系统树分析结果显示,I1b与具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)的支持率高达100%,属于具鞘微鞘藻;L2与念珠藻(Nostoc sp.)的支持率为93%,属于念珠藻属。(2)试验室模拟荒漠极端环境中形成人工结皮的优化条件为:沙土含水量10%、接种3∶1混合藻(具鞘微鞘藻:念珠藻)、藻接种量10μg/cm2。
In order to provide references to the development and practical utilizations of the lichen symbiotic alga,we isolated two photobionts by using lichen species Peltigera rufescens and Peltigera elisabethae as the main research objects and studied the morphological characters,rDNA-ITS sequences as well as the capacities of the photobionts in the formation of the microbiotic soil crust under the laboratory artificial conditions in this research.(1)The I1 b and L2 photobionts which were isolated from P.elisabethae and P.rufescens respectively belong to cyanobacteria.According to the analysis of phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on ITS sequences,I1 b was identified as Microcoleus vaginatus with 100%bootstrap value,while culture L2 was identified as Nostoc sp.with 93% bootstrap value.(2)The most suited conditions for the microbiotic soil crust formation under laboratory artificial desert extreme situation were that10% of water moisture content,3∶1(M.vaginatus:Nostoc sp.)ratio and 10μg/cm2 inoculation amount of photobionts.
In order to provide references to the development and practical utilizations of the lichen symbiotic alga,we isolated two photobionts by using lichen species Peltigera rufescens and Peltigera elisabethae as the main research objects and studied the morphological characters,rDNA-ITS sequences as well as the capacities of the photobionts in the formation of the microbiotic soil crust under the laboratory artificial conditions in this research.(1)The I1 b and L2 photobionts which were isolated from P.elisabethae and P.rufescens respectively belong to cyanobacteria.According to the analysis of phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on ITS sequences,I1 b was identified as Microcoleus vaginatus with 100%bootstrap value,while culture L2 was identified as Nostoc sp.with 93% bootstrap value.(2)The most suited conditions for the microbiotic soil crust formation under laboratory artificial desert extreme situation were that10% of water moisture content,3∶1(M.vaginatus:Nostoc sp.)ratio and 10μg/cm2 inoculation amount of photobionts.
引文
[1]赵建成,张丙昌,张元明.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮绿藻研究[J].干旱区研究.2006,23(6):189-194.ZHAO J C,ZHANG B C,ZHANG Y M.Study on biodermal chlorophyceae in the gurbantong gute desert of Xinjiang[J].Study on Arid Areas,2006,23(6):189-194.
[2]胡春香,刘永定,张德禄荒漠藻结皮的胶结机理[J].科学通报2002,47:931-937.HU C X,LIU Y D,ZHANG D L.The mechanism of crust binding of desert algae[J].Science Bulletin,2002,47:931-937.
[3]高亚辉.海洋微藻分类生态及生物活性物质研究[J].自然科学学报,2001,40(2):566-573.GAO Y H.Study on the classification of Marine microalgae and their ecological and bioactive substances[J].Natural Science Journal,2001,40(2):566-573.
[4]谭艳.浅谈我国土地荒漠化成因及治理措施[J].黑龙江科技信息,2009,(22):64-65.TAN Y.Causes and control measures of land desertification in China[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2009,(22):64-65.
[5]朱海娟.宁夏荒漠化治理综合效益评价研究[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[6]朱震达,崔书红.中国荒漠化土地分布地域特征及其治理措施的评估[J].中国环境科学,1996,16(5):328-331.ZHU Z D,CUI S H.Evaluation on geographical characteristics of China's desertification land distribution and its governance measures[J].China Environmental Science,1996,16(5):328-331.
[7] CHE L Y,LI D H,et al.The research processof desertalgae and crust[J].Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China,2003,17:90-93.
[8] HU C X,LIU Y D.Primary succession of algal community structure in desert soil[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2003,45(8):917-924.胡春香,刘永定.荒漠沙土中藻类群落结构的原生演替[J].植物学报,2003,45(8):917-924.
[9] ZHANG B C,ZHANG Y M,ZHAO J C,et al.Microalgal species variation at different successional stages in biological soil crusts of the Gurban tunggut Desert,Northwestern China[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2009,45:539-547.
[10]胡春香,张德禄,刘永定.干旱区微小生物结皮中藻类研究的新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(8):791-795.HU C X,ZHANG D L,LIU Y D.New progress in algae research in microbiotic crusts in arid regions[J].Advances in Natural Science,2003,13(8):791-795.
[11]丁兰平,栾日孝.浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)的分类鉴定-生境习性及分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(1):68-71.DING L P,LUAN R X.Classification and identification of Enterpha prolifera-habitat habits and distribution[J].Ocean and Lake Marsh,2009,40(1):68-71.
[12]文雪梅,阿迪力·阿不都拉,阿不都拉·阿巴斯,等.新疆北部树花属地衣生态分布与地区系成分的初步分析[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(3):625-629.WEN X M,ADIL A,A ABBAS,et al.Preliminary analysis on ecological distribution and regional system composition of the genus lichen in northern Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2009,46(3):625-629.
[13] V AHMADJIAN,RUSSELL L A,HARRY H.Artificial reestablishment of lichens Morphological interactions between the phycobiontsof different lichens and themycobionts of Cladonia cristatella and Lecanora chrysoleuca[J].Mycologia,1980,72(4):73-89.
[14]王大志,黄世玉,程兆.海洋硅藻胞外多聚物形态微细结构及组成的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(3):273-278.WANG D Z,HUANG S Y,CHENG Z.Preliminary study on the morphological microstructure and composition of the extracellular polypolymer of Marine diatom[J].Ocean and Lake Marsh,2004,35(3):273-278.
[15]卡丽比努尔·艾依提,艾山江,努尔古丽·热合曼.4组沙漠绿藻分子生物学鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].食品以机械,2017,33(5):25-29.KALBINUR E,AI S J,NURGUL R.Molecular biology identification and biological characteristics of four desert green algae[J].Food Machinery,2017,33(5):25-29.
[16]丁怀宇,马家海,王晓坤,等.缘管浒苔的单性生殖[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):493-496.DING H Y,MA J H,WANG X K,et al.Single sexual reproduction of margin enteromorpha[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):493-496.
[17]景丽百合,刘左军,徐文,等.室内混合藻种荒漠藻结皮培养条件优化研究[J].中国水土保持,2017,(1):41-47.JING L B H,LIU Z J,XU W,et al.Optimization of culture conditions for algae crusts in desert mixed algae species[J].Soil and Water Conservation In China,2017,(1):41-47.
[18]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类一系统,分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:173,588,650.
[19] FRIEDA L,HENSKENS,T.G.ALLAN G,et al.Cyanolichens can have both cyanobacteria and green algae in a common layer as major contributors to photosynthesis[J].Annals of Botany,2012,110(13):555-563.
[20]陈兰周,刘永定,李敦海.盐胁迫对爪哇伪枝藻(Scytonema javanicum)生理生化特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):285-288.CHEN L Z,LIU Y D,LI D H.Effects of salt stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicumin Java[J].Chinese Desert,2003,23(3):285-288.
[21] LUCIA M,SERGIO P O.Phycobiont selectivity leads to ecological tolerance and evolutionary divergence in a polymorphic complex of lichenized fungi[J].Annals of Botany,2014,114(13):463-751.
[22] PAULSRUD P,RIKKINEN J,LINDBLAD P.Spatial patterns of photobiont diversity in some Nostoc-containing lichens[J].New Phytologist,2000,146(3):291-299.
[23] LOHTANDER K,OKSANEN I,RIKKINEN J.Genetic diversity of green algal and cyanobacterial photobionts in Nephroma(Peltigerales)[J].Lichenologist,2003,35(5):325-339.
[24] STENROOS S,HGNABBA F,MYLLYS L,et al.High sensitivityin symbiotic associations of lichenized ascomycetes and cyanobacteria[J].Cladistics,2006,22(3):230-238.
[25] YAHR R,VILGALYS R,DEPRIEST PT.Geographic variation in algal partners of Cladonia subtenuis(Cladoniaceae)highlights the dynamic nature of a lichen symbiosis[J].New Phytologist,2006,171(4):847-860.
[26] WIRTZ N,LUMBSCH H T.Lichen fungi have low cyanobiont selectivity in maritime Antarctica[J].New Phytologist,2003,160(2):177-183.
[27] FERNANDEZ-MENDOZA F,DOMASCHKE S,et al.Population structure of mycobionts and photobionts of the widespread lichen Cetraria aculeata[J].Molecular Ecology,2011,20(5):1 208-1 232.
[28]铙本强,刘永定,胡春香,等.人工藻结皮技术及其在沙漠治理中的应用[J].水生生物学报,2009,11(1):4-11.NAO B Q,LIU Y D,HU C X,et al.Artificial algal pelting technology and its application in desert control[J].Hydrobiology Journal,2009,11(1):4-11.
[29]黄文福,刘左军,单夕文,等.沙土基质,湿度及接种量对荒漠藻结皮形成的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1-6.HUANG W F,LIU Z J,SHAN X Wet al.Effects of soil substrate,humidity and inoculation amount on the formation of desert algal crust[J].Chinese Desert,2014,34(6):1-6.
[30]张丙昌,王敬竹,张元明,等.水分对具鞘微鞘藻构建人工结皮的作用[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):535-540.ZHANG B C,WANG J Z,ZHANG Y Met al.Effects of water on the construction of artificial epidermis by scabbard microsphaeropsis[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(2):555-540.
[31]郑云普,张丙昌,赵建成,等.具鞘微鞘藻在荒漠藻结皮形成过程中的作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1 655-1 664.ZHENG Y P,ZHANG B C,ZHAO J C,et al.The role of sheath sheath microalgae in the formation of desert algae crust[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,30(6):1 655-1 664.
[32]张元明,荒漠地表生物沙土结皮的微结构及其早期发育特征[J].科学通报,2005,1:42-47.ZHANG Y M,Microstructure and early development characteristics of sandy soil crust in desert surface[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,1:42-47.
[2]胡春香,刘永定,张德禄荒漠藻结皮的胶结机理[J].科学通报2002,47:931-937.HU C X,LIU Y D,ZHANG D L.The mechanism of crust binding of desert algae[J].Science Bulletin,2002,47:931-937.
[3]高亚辉.海洋微藻分类生态及生物活性物质研究[J].自然科学学报,2001,40(2):566-573.GAO Y H.Study on the classification of Marine microalgae and their ecological and bioactive substances[J].Natural Science Journal,2001,40(2):566-573.
[4]谭艳.浅谈我国土地荒漠化成因及治理措施[J].黑龙江科技信息,2009,(22):64-65.TAN Y.Causes and control measures of land desertification in China[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2009,(22):64-65.
[5]朱海娟.宁夏荒漠化治理综合效益评价研究[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[6]朱震达,崔书红.中国荒漠化土地分布地域特征及其治理措施的评估[J].中国环境科学,1996,16(5):328-331.ZHU Z D,CUI S H.Evaluation on geographical characteristics of China's desertification land distribution and its governance measures[J].China Environmental Science,1996,16(5):328-331.
[7] CHE L Y,LI D H,et al.The research processof desertalgae and crust[J].Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China,2003,17:90-93.
[8] HU C X,LIU Y D.Primary succession of algal community structure in desert soil[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2003,45(8):917-924.胡春香,刘永定.荒漠沙土中藻类群落结构的原生演替[J].植物学报,2003,45(8):917-924.
[9] ZHANG B C,ZHANG Y M,ZHAO J C,et al.Microalgal species variation at different successional stages in biological soil crusts of the Gurban tunggut Desert,Northwestern China[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2009,45:539-547.
[10]胡春香,张德禄,刘永定.干旱区微小生物结皮中藻类研究的新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(8):791-795.HU C X,ZHANG D L,LIU Y D.New progress in algae research in microbiotic crusts in arid regions[J].Advances in Natural Science,2003,13(8):791-795.
[11]丁兰平,栾日孝.浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)的分类鉴定-生境习性及分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(1):68-71.DING L P,LUAN R X.Classification and identification of Enterpha prolifera-habitat habits and distribution[J].Ocean and Lake Marsh,2009,40(1):68-71.
[12]文雪梅,阿迪力·阿不都拉,阿不都拉·阿巴斯,等.新疆北部树花属地衣生态分布与地区系成分的初步分析[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(3):625-629.WEN X M,ADIL A,A ABBAS,et al.Preliminary analysis on ecological distribution and regional system composition of the genus lichen in northern Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2009,46(3):625-629.
[13] V AHMADJIAN,RUSSELL L A,HARRY H.Artificial reestablishment of lichens Morphological interactions between the phycobiontsof different lichens and themycobionts of Cladonia cristatella and Lecanora chrysoleuca[J].Mycologia,1980,72(4):73-89.
[14]王大志,黄世玉,程兆.海洋硅藻胞外多聚物形态微细结构及组成的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(3):273-278.WANG D Z,HUANG S Y,CHENG Z.Preliminary study on the morphological microstructure and composition of the extracellular polypolymer of Marine diatom[J].Ocean and Lake Marsh,2004,35(3):273-278.
[15]卡丽比努尔·艾依提,艾山江,努尔古丽·热合曼.4组沙漠绿藻分子生物学鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].食品以机械,2017,33(5):25-29.KALBINUR E,AI S J,NURGUL R.Molecular biology identification and biological characteristics of four desert green algae[J].Food Machinery,2017,33(5):25-29.
[16]丁怀宇,马家海,王晓坤,等.缘管浒苔的单性生殖[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):493-496.DING H Y,MA J H,WANG X K,et al.Single sexual reproduction of margin enteromorpha[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):493-496.
[17]景丽百合,刘左军,徐文,等.室内混合藻种荒漠藻结皮培养条件优化研究[J].中国水土保持,2017,(1):41-47.JING L B H,LIU Z J,XU W,et al.Optimization of culture conditions for algae crusts in desert mixed algae species[J].Soil and Water Conservation In China,2017,(1):41-47.
[18]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类一系统,分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:173,588,650.
[19] FRIEDA L,HENSKENS,T.G.ALLAN G,et al.Cyanolichens can have both cyanobacteria and green algae in a common layer as major contributors to photosynthesis[J].Annals of Botany,2012,110(13):555-563.
[20]陈兰周,刘永定,李敦海.盐胁迫对爪哇伪枝藻(Scytonema javanicum)生理生化特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):285-288.CHEN L Z,LIU Y D,LI D H.Effects of salt stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicumin Java[J].Chinese Desert,2003,23(3):285-288.
[21] LUCIA M,SERGIO P O.Phycobiont selectivity leads to ecological tolerance and evolutionary divergence in a polymorphic complex of lichenized fungi[J].Annals of Botany,2014,114(13):463-751.
[22] PAULSRUD P,RIKKINEN J,LINDBLAD P.Spatial patterns of photobiont diversity in some Nostoc-containing lichens[J].New Phytologist,2000,146(3):291-299.
[23] LOHTANDER K,OKSANEN I,RIKKINEN J.Genetic diversity of green algal and cyanobacterial photobionts in Nephroma(Peltigerales)[J].Lichenologist,2003,35(5):325-339.
[24] STENROOS S,HGNABBA F,MYLLYS L,et al.High sensitivityin symbiotic associations of lichenized ascomycetes and cyanobacteria[J].Cladistics,2006,22(3):230-238.
[25] YAHR R,VILGALYS R,DEPRIEST PT.Geographic variation in algal partners of Cladonia subtenuis(Cladoniaceae)highlights the dynamic nature of a lichen symbiosis[J].New Phytologist,2006,171(4):847-860.
[26] WIRTZ N,LUMBSCH H T.Lichen fungi have low cyanobiont selectivity in maritime Antarctica[J].New Phytologist,2003,160(2):177-183.
[27] FERNANDEZ-MENDOZA F,DOMASCHKE S,et al.Population structure of mycobionts and photobionts of the widespread lichen Cetraria aculeata[J].Molecular Ecology,2011,20(5):1 208-1 232.
[28]铙本强,刘永定,胡春香,等.人工藻结皮技术及其在沙漠治理中的应用[J].水生生物学报,2009,11(1):4-11.NAO B Q,LIU Y D,HU C X,et al.Artificial algal pelting technology and its application in desert control[J].Hydrobiology Journal,2009,11(1):4-11.
[29]黄文福,刘左军,单夕文,等.沙土基质,湿度及接种量对荒漠藻结皮形成的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1-6.HUANG W F,LIU Z J,SHAN X Wet al.Effects of soil substrate,humidity and inoculation amount on the formation of desert algal crust[J].Chinese Desert,2014,34(6):1-6.
[30]张丙昌,王敬竹,张元明,等.水分对具鞘微鞘藻构建人工结皮的作用[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):535-540.ZHANG B C,WANG J Z,ZHANG Y Met al.Effects of water on the construction of artificial epidermis by scabbard microsphaeropsis[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(2):555-540.
[31]郑云普,张丙昌,赵建成,等.具鞘微鞘藻在荒漠藻结皮形成过程中的作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1 655-1 664.ZHENG Y P,ZHANG B C,ZHAO J C,et al.The role of sheath sheath microalgae in the formation of desert algae crust[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,30(6):1 655-1 664.
[32]张元明,荒漠地表生物沙土结皮的微结构及其早期发育特征[J].科学通报,2005,1:42-47.ZHANG Y M,Microstructure and early development characteristics of sandy soil crust in desert surface[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,1:42-47.