小冲杆蠕变测试技术的研究综述
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摘要
小冲杆测试技术是一种评价材料性能的微型试样测试技术,可以确定材料弹性模量、屈服强度、塑性性能、抗拉强度、韧-脆转变温度、断裂韧性、蠕变性能等力学性能。该技术在新合金材料验证、焊缝热影响区性能描述、服役设备的剩余寿命预测等方面,得到各国学者的广泛关注和研究。其中,在材料蠕变性能的分析和预测方面,由于小冲杆蠕变测试技术具有表征全阶段单轴蠕变曲线的潜力,为高温服役设备蠕变性能评估及蠕变寿命预测提供了新的方法。小冲杆蠕变测试技术的理论和应用等方面已经取得了重要进展,但与传统蠕变测试方法相比,理论体系还不完善,在一些领域的应用尚处在探索和发展阶段,缺乏相关试验标准的指导,因此,有必要对现有研究成果进行系统分析和深入总结。基于现有国内外学者的相关研究成果,对小冲杆蠕变测试技术的试验系统、试样制备、试验操作、试验理论体系、有限元建模方法、试验结果处理、蠕变寿命分析方法等进行了综述;分析了目前该方法发展中的技术难题,对其未来发展趋势进行展望,以促进小冲杆测试技术的进一步发展。
The small punch testing method is a testing technique of miniature specimen for evaluating material properties,which is used for determining the mechanical properties of the material such as elastic modulus,yield strength,plastic behavior,tensile strength,ductile-brittle transition temperature,fracture toughness,creep behavior. This method has attracted much attention of and has been extensively by scholars of various countries in the aspects of validation of new alloy materials,behavior description of weld heat affected zone,residual life prediction of in-service equipment,etc. In the aspects of analysis and prediction of material creep behaviors,because the small punch creep test technology has the potential to characterize the full uniaxial creep curve,it provides a new method for analyze the creep behavior assessment and creep life prediction of high-temperature in-service equipment. Important progress has been made in the theory and application of the small punch testing method,but compared with the traditional creep testing method,its theoretical system is not perfect,its application in some fields is still in the exploration and development stage with lack of guidance of relevant test standards. Therefore,it is necessary to analyze and summarize the existing research results systematically. This paper reviewed the testing system,sample preparation,testing operations,test theory system,finite element modeling method,post-processing of test results,residual life prediction approaches,etc. of the small punch testing technology based on the relevant research achievements of scholars at home and abroad,analyzed the technical difficulties in the development of this method and prospected its future development trend in the hope to promote its further development.
The small punch testing method is a testing technique of miniature specimen for evaluating material properties,which is used for determining the mechanical properties of the material such as elastic modulus,yield strength,plastic behavior,tensile strength,ductile-brittle transition temperature,fracture toughness,creep behavior. This method has attracted much attention of and has been extensively by scholars of various countries in the aspects of validation of new alloy materials,behavior description of weld heat affected zone,residual life prediction of in-service equipment,etc. In the aspects of analysis and prediction of material creep behaviors,because the small punch creep test technology has the potential to characterize the full uniaxial creep curve,it provides a new method for analyze the creep behavior assessment and creep life prediction of high-temperature in-service equipment. Important progress has been made in the theory and application of the small punch testing method,but compared with the traditional creep testing method,its theoretical system is not perfect,its application in some fields is still in the exploration and development stage with lack of guidance of relevant test standards. Therefore,it is necessary to analyze and summarize the existing research results systematically. This paper reviewed the testing system,sample preparation,testing operations,test theory system,finite element modeling method,post-processing of test results,residual life prediction approaches,etc. of the small punch testing technology based on the relevant research achievements of scholars at home and abroad,analyzed the technical difficulties in the development of this method and prospected its future development trend in the hope to promote its further development.
引文
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[2]凌祥,郑杨艳,周建新.小冲孔微试样材料性能测试技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[3]徐彤,寿比南,关凯书,等.小冲杆试验方法标准化研究(一)——通用要求[J].压力容器,2010,27(7):37-46.
[4]丁克勤,寿比南,吴永礼.在役设备材料弹塑性力学参数测定方法综述——小冲杆实验力学研究进展之一[J].实验力学,2008,23(6):539-548.
[5]庄法坤,涂善东,周帼彦,等.不同小试样测量蠕变性能的比较研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(6):9-18.
[6]Hyde T H,Sun W,Williams J A. Requirements for and use of miniature test specimens to provide mechanical and creep properties of materials:a review[J]. Metallurgical Reviews,2013,52(4):213-255.
[7]Mahmudi R,Maraghi A. Shear punch creep behavior of cast lead-free solders[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,599:180-185.
[8]Prasanna H U,Udupa K R. Probing the deterioration of316L stainless steel welds due to ageing and creep by indentation creep tests[J]. Nuclear Engineering&Design,2011,241(12):4938-4943.
[9]Zhuang F K,Tu S T,Zhou G Y,et al. Assessment of creep constitutive properties from three-point bending creep test with miniaturized specimens[J]. Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design,2014,49(7):482-491.
[10]Zhuang F K,Tu S T,Zhou G Y,et al. A small cantilever beam test for determination of creep properties of materials[J]. Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,2015,38(3):257-267.
[11]Zhuang F K,Zhou G Y,Tu S T. Numerical investigation of frictional effect on measuring accuracy of different small specimen creep tests[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping,2013,110(10):42-49.
[12]Hyde C J,Hyde T H,Sun W,et al. Small ring testing of a creep resistant material[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2013,586(6):358-366.
[13]Hyde T H,Ali B S M,Sun W. Analysis and design of a small,two-bar creep test specimen[J]. Journal of Engineering Materials&Technology,2013,135(4):532-540.
[14]艾芒,杨镇.小冲孔试验法的起源,发展和应用[J].机械强度,2000,22(4):279-282.
[15]Manahan M P. A new postirradiation mechanical behavior test——The miniaturized disk bend test[J].Nucl. Technol.(United States),1983,63(2):295-315.
[16]Parker J. Disc-bend creep deformation behaviour of0. 5Cr0. 5Mo0. 25V low alloy steel[C]//Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1993.
[17]Bicego V,Rantala H,Klaput J. The small punch test method:results from a european creep testing round robin[Z]. 2005.
[18]Viswanathan R. Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High Temperature Components[M]. US:Asm International,1989.
[19]涂善东,戴树和.高温过程设备的寿命评价技术进展[J].压力容器,1996,13(2):151-158.
[20]陈玉新,凌祥,涂善东.小冲孔蠕变试验技术及其应用研究进展[J].石油化工设备,2004,33(2):37-41.
[21]Lancaster R,Davies G,Illsley H,et al. Structural integrity of an electron beam melted titanium alloy[J].Materials,2016,9(6):470.
[22]CEN. CWA 15267:2007,Small Punch Test Method for Metallic Materials[S].
[23]Hurst R,Bicego V,Foulds J. Small Punch Testing for Creep[C]//ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference,2007.
[24]Moreno M F,Bertolino G,Yawny A. The significance of specimen displacement definition on the mechanical properties derived from Small Punch Test[J].Materials&Design,2016,95:623-631.
[25]Mercaldi D W. Surface Sampling Device:US4845896[P]. 1989-07-11.
[26]Okamoto K,Kitagawa H,Kusumoto J,et al. Development of electric discharge equipment for small specimen sampling[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping,2009,86(9):633-636.
[27]沈睿,惠虎,李培宁.在役设备微小试样取样机的开发与应用[J].中国特种设备安全,2010,26(8):5-7.
[28]Chakrabarty J. A theory of stretch forming over hemispherical punch heads[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1970,12(4):315-325.
[29]杨镇,王志文.蠕变现象的小冲杆试验研究Ⅰ——关于蠕变曲线[C]//第五届全国压力容器学术会议论文集,2001.
[30]杨镇,王志文.蠕变现象的小冲杆试验研究——蠕变应力分析[J].压力容器,2002,19(9):5-8.
[31]Hyde T H,Stoyanov M,Sun W,et al. On the interpretation of results from small punch creep tests[J].Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design Professional,2010,10(4):141-164.
[32]杨镇.小冲杆微试样技术用于测定材料高温蠕变性能的研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2001.
[33]Li Y,Sturm R. Small punch test for weld heat affected zones[J]. High Temperatures Technology,2006,23(3-4):225-232.
[34]Dymcˇek P,Milicˇka K. Creep small-punch testing and its numerical simulations[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2009,510:444-449.
[35]Milicka K,Dobes F. Small punch testing of P91 steel[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping,2006,83(9):625-634.
[36]Kim B,Lim B. Local creep evaluation of P92 steel weldment by small punch creep test[J]. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2008,21(4):312-317.
[37]冯相赛.由单个小冲杆蠕变曲线求解材料蠕变性能参数的方法[D].上海:华东理工大学,2015.
[38]Dobe2 F,Milicˇka K. On the Monkman-Grant relation for small punch test data[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2002,336(1-2):245-248.
[39]Hou F,Xu H,Wang Y,et al. Determination of creep property of 1. 25Cr0. 5Mo pearlitic steels by small punch test[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2013,28(3):215-221.
[40]Nagode A,Kosec L,Ule B. Uni-axial and multi-axial creep behaviour of P91-type steel under constant load[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2011,18(1):61-67.
[41]Izaki T,Kobayashi T,Kusumoto J,et al. A creep life assessment method for boiler pipes using small punch creep test[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels&Piping,2009,86(9):637-642.
[42]孙海生. 1. 25Cr0. 25MoSi材料蠕变寿命评估研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013.
[43]Ule B,u2tar T,Dobe2 F,et al. Small punch test method assessment for the determination of the residual creep life of service exposed components:outcomes from an interlaboratory exercise[J]. Technology Law&Insurance,1999,4(3-4):283-293.
[44]Dymcˇek P,Seitl S,Milicˇka K,et al. Influence of friction on stress and strain distributions in small punch creep test models[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2010,417-418(1):561-564.
[45]Ma Y W,Shim S,Yoon K B. Assessment of power law creep constants of Gr91 steel using small punch creep tests[J]. Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,2010,32(12):951-960.
[46]Evans R W,Evans M. Numerical modelling of small disc creep test[J]. Metal Science Journal,2006,22(10):1155-1162.
[47]Evans M,Wang D. Stochastic modelling of the small disc creep test[J]. Metal Science Journal,2013,23(8):883-892.
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