深部高应力空区拱架效应与采场结构尺寸的相依性
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摘要
基于采场顶板围岩破坏形式,构建空区顶板岩拱力学模型;利用无铰拱理论计算岩拱内力,选取深部采场跨度及矿柱宽度等因素作为相依性分析指标,推导采场跨度(l)及矿柱宽度(d)关于拱轴系数(m)及拱高(h)的数学表达式。以某深部高应力金属矿空区为研究对象,分析采空区拱架效应与其结构尺寸(采场跨度(l)及矿柱宽度(d))依存关系,并对顶板位移进行150 d监测。研究结果表明:当d一定时,l随着m减小而增大;当l一定时,d随着m增大而增大;当m=2,h=3 m,d=7 m时,矿柱合理间距为31 m;在150 d内,顶板最大位移变形在6 mm之内,未发生垮塌现象。该研究结果可为深部高应力条件下釆场结构尺寸设计提供依据。
Based on the analysis of the destroying of surrounding rock of the roof, a roof-arch and rock-mechanical model was built. The internal force was calculated by fixed end arch algorithm. Deep mining goaf pillar width span structure and other factors were selected as dependency analysis index, and expressions of span(l) and pillar width(d) related to coefficient of arch axle(m) and height(h) of arch were deduced. Taking large metal deep mine under high stress of the stope as the object, relationship between goaf arch effect and structure size(l and d) was analyzed. The roof displacements were monitored in 150 d. The results show that when d is definite, l decreases with the decrease of m. When l is definite, d increases with the increase of m. The reasonable pillar spacing is 31 m when m=2, h=3 m and d=7 m. The max roof displacement deformation is less than 6 mm, and no collapse happens, while the stope of roof is safe during 150 d.It is reasonable to design a goaf structure under high stress at deep mine.
Based on the analysis of the destroying of surrounding rock of the roof, a roof-arch and rock-mechanical model was built. The internal force was calculated by fixed end arch algorithm. Deep mining goaf pillar width span structure and other factors were selected as dependency analysis index, and expressions of span(l) and pillar width(d) related to coefficient of arch axle(m) and height(h) of arch were deduced. Taking large metal deep mine under high stress of the stope as the object, relationship between goaf arch effect and structure size(l and d) was analyzed. The roof displacements were monitored in 150 d. The results show that when d is definite, l decreases with the decrease of m. When l is definite, d increases with the increase of m. The reasonable pillar spacing is 31 m when m=2, h=3 m and d=7 m. The max roof displacement deformation is less than 6 mm, and no collapse happens, while the stope of roof is safe during 150 d.It is reasonable to design a goaf structure under high stress at deep mine.
引文
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[15]李夕兵,李地元,郭雷,等.动力扰动下深部高应力矿柱力学响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):923-928.LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,GUO Lei,et al.Study on mechanical response of highly-stressed pillars in deep mining under dynamic disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):923-928.
[16]张海波,宋卫东,付建新.大跨度空区顶板失稳临界参数及稳定性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):67-71.ZHANG Haibo,SONG Weidong,FU Jianxin.Analysis of large-span goaf roof instability critical parameters and stability[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):67-71.
[17]王金安,李大钟,马海涛,等.采空区矿柱-顶板体系流变力学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):578-582.WANG Jinan,LI Dazhong,MA Haitao,et al.Study of rheological mechanical model of pillar-roof system in mined-out area[J].Chinses Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):578-582.
[18]梁宁,伍法权,王云峰,等.大埋深高地应力关山隧道围岩变形破坏分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(增刊2):330-336.LIANG Ning,WU Faquan,WANG Yunfeng,et al.Analysis of deformation and failure of rock mass of deep Guanshan Tunnel under high in situ stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Suppl 2):330-336.
[19]杨宇江,高晗,李元辉.附加荷载作用下空区顶板稳定性分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(9):1332-1335.YANG Yujiang,GAO Han,LI Yuanhui.Analysis on roof stability of concealed gob area under additional loading[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2011,32(9):1332-1335.
[20]赵延林,吴启红,王卫军,等.基于突变理论的采空区重叠顶板稳定性强度折减法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1425-1434.ZHAO Yanlin,WU Qihong,WANG Weijun,et al.Strength reduction method to study stability of goaf overlapping roof based on catastrophe theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanic and Engineering,2010,29(7):1425-1434.
[21]张敏思,朱万成,侯召松,等.空区顶板安全厚度和临界跨度确定的数值模拟[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(4):544-548.ZHANG Minsi,ZHU Wancheng,HOU Zhaosong,et al.Numerical simulation for determining the safe roof thickness and critical goaf span[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(4):544-548.
[2]姜立春,曾俊佳,吴爱祥.水平采空区群动力响应的类非线性振动模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(6):1577-1584.JIANG Lichun,ZENG Junjia,WU Aixiang.A similar nonlinear vibration model for dynamic responses of horizontal goaf group[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2017,48(6):1577-1584.
[3]江军生,曹平.深部高应力下层状岩体巷道底鼓机理及控制技术[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(11):4218-4224.JIANG Junsheng,CAO Ping.Floor heaving mechanism of soft rock in high-stress deep roadway and its control technology[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(11):4218-4224.
[4]江权,冯夏庭,陈国庆,等.高地应力条件下大型地下洞室群稳定性综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3768-3777.JIANG Quan,FENG Xiating,CHEN Guoqing,et al.Stability study of large underground caverns under high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Suppl 2):3768-3777.
[5]郑康成,丁文其,金威.基于模型试验与FEM的TBM圆形隧道压力拱成拱规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1270-1274.ZHENG Kangcheng,DING Wenqi,JIN Wei.Formation law of pressure arch of circular TBM tunnel based on model test and FEM[J].Journal of China Society,2015,40(6):1270-1274.
[6]贺广零,黎都春,翟志文,等.采空区顶板塌陷破坏的力学分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2007,25(1):104-108.HE Guangling,LI Duchun,ZHAI Zhiwen,et al.Analysis of failure and instability of stiff roof[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2007,25(1):104-108.
[7]梁晓丹,刘刚,赵坚.地下工程压力拱拱体的确定与成拱分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):315-317.LIANG Xiaodan,LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian.Definition and analysis of arching action in underground rock engineering[J].Journal of Hehai University(Natural Sciences),2005,33(3):315-317.
[8]宋义敏,潘一山,章梦涛,等.深部高应力载荷作用下的洞室变形破坏试验[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(4):489-491.SONG Yimin,PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.Experimental study on deformation failure of deep rock mass under high stress load[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2008,27(4):489-491.
[9]顾金才,顾雷雨,陈安敏,等.深部开挖洞室围岩分层断裂破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):433-437.GU Jincai,GU Leiyu,CHEN Anmin,et al.Model test study on mechanism of layered fracture within surrounding rock of tunnels in deep stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):433-437.
[10]TANG C A,THAM L G,LEE P K K,et al.Numerical studies of the influence of microstructure on rock failure in uniaxial compression.Part I:effect of heterogeneity[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(4):555-569.
[11]KOBATI K.Erroneous concepts behind the new Austrian tunnelling method[J].Tunnels and Tunnelling,1994(11):38-41.
[12]BARRY H G,BROWN E T.Rock mechanics for underground mining[M].London:George Allen and Unwin,1985:212-213.
[13]HUANG Z,BROCH E,LU M.Cavern roof stability-mechanism of arching and stabilization by rockbolting[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,17(3):249-261.
[14]钮新强,丁秀丽.地下洞室围岩顶拱承载力学机制及稳定拱设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):776-786.NIU Xinqiang,DING Xiuli.Bearing mechanism of top arch and stable arch design method for surrounding rock of underground caverns[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):776-786.
[15]李夕兵,李地元,郭雷,等.动力扰动下深部高应力矿柱力学响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):923-928.LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,GUO Lei,et al.Study on mechanical response of highly-stressed pillars in deep mining under dynamic disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):923-928.
[16]张海波,宋卫东,付建新.大跨度空区顶板失稳临界参数及稳定性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):67-71.ZHANG Haibo,SONG Weidong,FU Jianxin.Analysis of large-span goaf roof instability critical parameters and stability[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):67-71.
[17]王金安,李大钟,马海涛,等.采空区矿柱-顶板体系流变力学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):578-582.WANG Jinan,LI Dazhong,MA Haitao,et al.Study of rheological mechanical model of pillar-roof system in mined-out area[J].Chinses Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):578-582.
[18]梁宁,伍法权,王云峰,等.大埋深高地应力关山隧道围岩变形破坏分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(增刊2):330-336.LIANG Ning,WU Faquan,WANG Yunfeng,et al.Analysis of deformation and failure of rock mass of deep Guanshan Tunnel under high in situ stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Suppl 2):330-336.
[19]杨宇江,高晗,李元辉.附加荷载作用下空区顶板稳定性分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(9):1332-1335.YANG Yujiang,GAO Han,LI Yuanhui.Analysis on roof stability of concealed gob area under additional loading[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2011,32(9):1332-1335.
[20]赵延林,吴启红,王卫军,等.基于突变理论的采空区重叠顶板稳定性强度折减法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1425-1434.ZHAO Yanlin,WU Qihong,WANG Weijun,et al.Strength reduction method to study stability of goaf overlapping roof based on catastrophe theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanic and Engineering,2010,29(7):1425-1434.
[21]张敏思,朱万成,侯召松,等.空区顶板安全厚度和临界跨度确定的数值模拟[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(4):544-548.ZHANG Minsi,ZHU Wancheng,HOU Zhaosong,et al.Numerical simulation for determining the safe roof thickness and critical goaf span[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(4):544-548.