4种鲌的星耳石形态度量学比较
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摘要
对来自9个采样点的鲌属(Culter)翘嘴鲌(C.alburnus)、蒙古鲌(C.mongolicus)、达氏鲌(C.dabryi)和近红鲌属(Ancherythroculter)黑尾近红鲌(A.nigrocauda)共810尾个体星耳石的8个特征值进行形态度量,运用Statistica软件作鲌类鱼体生长与耳石生长的回归分析、形态特征值及6个形态因子和6个形态指数的多变量统计分析。结果显示:(1)4种鲌耳石形态存在极显著差异。(2)幂函数回归方程相对于直线回归方程能更好地表述鲌体生长及耳石生长关系;鲌类体质量与耳石质量、体长与耳石直径的回归方程近于线性回归关系,体质量与耳石直径、与体长回归方程幂值分别近于3.5、3,而耳石质量与耳石直径回归方程幂值近于2。耳石质量增长速度与体质量增长速度相近,但耳石质量相对耳石长度的增长速度较体质量相对体长或耳石长度的增长速度要慢。(3)鲌耳石形态度量特征值判别函数分析判别正确率达71.11%,对识别影响较大的特征值为耳石宽、耳石面积、耳石长、基叶长等;通过4种鲌耳石形态因子和形态指数的主成分分析,对识别影响较大的形态因子为F2、F1、F6、F5和形态指数为形态系数、充实度、椭圆率等。(4)采用鲌类群体耳石形态度量特征值判别分析和聚类分析,均能较好地区分翘嘴鲌3个长江群体(太湖、鄱阳湖、丹江口水库)与漓江群体、蒙古鲌鄱阳湖5个群体(新妙湖、南北港、青岚湖、庐山西海、章江),其群体聚类距离与群体间的地理距离相关联。本研究结果说明,星耳石形态度量分析能为鲌类物种或群体间关联性分析提供依据。
Eight characteristic values of asteriscus from 810 individuals in four culters species,including Culter alburnus,C.mongolicus,C.dabryi and Ancherythroculter nigrocauda,from 9 sampling points,were measured,and the regression analysis between culter's body growth and otolith growth,and multivariate statistical analysis of morphological characters,six shape factors and six shape indices were analyzed using Statistica software.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences of the asteriscus morphology among the four culters.(2)Power function regression equation could better describe the relationship between the culter's body growth and otolith growth than linear regression equation.The regression equations between culter's body quality and otolith quality,and between standard length and otolith diameter were approximate to linear regression relation,with the exponential value of regression equation between body quality and otolith diameter and standard length being 3.5 and 3,and between otolith quality and otolith diameter being 2.The growth rate of otolith mass was similar to that of body mass,but the growth rate of otolith mass relative to otolith length was slower than that of body mass relative to standard length or otolith length.(3)Discriminant function analysis of culter's morphological characters had an accuracy of 71.11%,and the characteristic values that had great influence on the identification were OW,OA,OL and BL,etc.Through principal component analysis of the shape factors and shape indices,F2,F1,F6,F5 and CF,CR,EL,etc.had a greater influence on the recognition of shape.(4)Through otolith morphological characters discriminant analysis and cluster analysis among culter populations,it could be better distinguished from three Changjiang groups of C.alburnus(from Taihu Lake,Poyang Lake,and Danjiangkou Reservoir),the Lijiang group,and five Poyang Lake groups of C.mongolicus(from Xinmiao Lake,Nanbeigang Lake,Qilang Lake,Lushan West Sea Reservoir,and Zhangjiang River),with the group clustering distance associated with geographic distance among the populations.In short,asteriscus shape analysis in this study provides a basis for correlation analysis among culter species or populations.
Eight characteristic values of asteriscus from 810 individuals in four culters species,including Culter alburnus,C.mongolicus,C.dabryi and Ancherythroculter nigrocauda,from 9 sampling points,were measured,and the regression analysis between culter's body growth and otolith growth,and multivariate statistical analysis of morphological characters,six shape factors and six shape indices were analyzed using Statistica software.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences of the asteriscus morphology among the four culters.(2)Power function regression equation could better describe the relationship between the culter's body growth and otolith growth than linear regression equation.The regression equations between culter's body quality and otolith quality,and between standard length and otolith diameter were approximate to linear regression relation,with the exponential value of regression equation between body quality and otolith diameter and standard length being 3.5 and 3,and between otolith quality and otolith diameter being 2.The growth rate of otolith mass was similar to that of body mass,but the growth rate of otolith mass relative to otolith length was slower than that of body mass relative to standard length or otolith length.(3)Discriminant function analysis of culter's morphological characters had an accuracy of 71.11%,and the characteristic values that had great influence on the identification were OW,OA,OL and BL,etc.Through principal component analysis of the shape factors and shape indices,F2,F1,F6,F5 and CF,CR,EL,etc.had a greater influence on the recognition of shape.(4)Through otolith morphological characters discriminant analysis and cluster analysis among culter populations,it could be better distinguished from three Changjiang groups of C.alburnus(from Taihu Lake,Poyang Lake,and Danjiangkou Reservoir),the Lijiang group,and five Poyang Lake groups of C.mongolicus(from Xinmiao Lake,Nanbeigang Lake,Qilang Lake,Lushan West Sea Reservoir,and Zhangjiang River),with the group clustering distance associated with geographic distance among the populations.In short,asteriscus shape analysis in this study provides a basis for correlation analysis among culter species or populations.
引文
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[3]袁传宓,林金榜,刘仁华,等.刀鲚的年龄和生长[J].水生生物学集刊,1978,6(3):285-296.
[4]ERICKSON C M.Age determination of Manitoban walleyes using otoliths,dorsal spines,and scales[J].North American journal of fisheries management,1983,3(2):176-181.
[5]沈建忠,曹文宣,崔奕波.用鳞片和耳石鉴定鲫年龄的比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(5):462-466.
[6]AVIGLIANO E,JAWAD L A,VOLPEDO A V.Assessment of the morphometry of saccular otoliths as a tool to identify triplefin species(Tripterygiidae)[J].J Mar Biol Assoc U.K.,2016,96:1167-1180.
[7]RENAN X,MONTERO-MUNOZ J,GARZA-PEREZ R,et al.Age and stock analysis using otolith shape in gags from the southern gulf of Mexico[J].T Am Fish Soc,2016,145:1252-1265.
[8]BOSE A P H,ADRAGNA J B,BALSHINE S.Otolith morphology varies between populations,sexes and male alternative reproductive tactics in a vocal toadfish Porichthys notatus[J].J Fish Biol,2017,90:311-325.
[9]任冬妮.淡水鲤鱼耳石结构、性质及其生物矿化机制的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2013:33-35.
[10]陈宜瑜.中国动物志.硬骨鱼纲.鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:182-197.
[11]洪秀云.渤、黄海带鱼年龄与生长的研究[J].水产学报,1980,4(4):361-370.
[12]朱志荣,林永泰,方榕乐.武昌东湖蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌的食性及其种群控制问题的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1976,6(1):36-52.
[13]REJIST J D.An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometric data[J].Can J Zool,1985,63:1429-1439.
[14]PONTUAL H D,PROUZET P.Numerical analysis of scale morphology to discriminate between Atlantic salmon stocks[J].Aquatic living resources,1988,1:17-27.
[15]TUSET V M,LOMBARTE A,GONZAL J A,et al.Comparative morphology of the sagittal otolith in Serranus spp[J].JFish Biol,2003,63:1491-1504.
[16]于鑫.鱼类耳石形态和微化学分析方法及其在群体识别中的实证研究[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2014:23.
[17]YAMAUCHI M,TANAKA J,HARADA Y.Comparative study on the morphology and the composition of the otoliths in the teleosts[J].Acta Oto-Laryngol,2008,128:846-855.
[18]YILMAZ S,YAZICIOGLU O,YAZICI R,et al.Relationships between fish length and otolith size for five cyprinid species from Lake Ladik,Samsun,Turkey[J].Turk J Zool,2015,39:438-446.
[19]ANEESH K K V,DEEPA K P,HASHIM M,et al.Relationships between fish size and otolith size of four bathydemersal fish species from the south eastern Arabian Sea,India[J].J Appl Ichthyol,2017,33:102-107.
[20]张小谷,熊邦喜.鄱阳湖鲌属(Culter)和原鲌属(Culterichthys)鱼类体重与体维关系[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(4):457-464.
[21]张国华,但胜国,苗志国,等.六种鲤科鱼类耳石形态以及在种类和群体识别中的应用[J].水生生物学报,1999,23(6):683-688.
[22]ZISCHKE M T,LITHERLAND L,TILYARD B R,et al.Otolith morphology of four mackerel species(Scomberomorus spp.)in Australia:species differentiation and prediction for fisheries monitoring and assessment[J].Fish Res,2016,176:39-47.
[23]张小谷.鄱阳湖四种鲌形态与生长的比较研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008:42-48.
[24]郭弘艺,魏凯,唐文乔,等.基于矢耳石形态特征的中国鲚属鱼类种类识别[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(1):127-134.
[25]叶振江,孟晓梦,高天翔,等.两种花鲈(Lateolabraxsp.)耳石形态的地理变异[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(4):356-360.
[26]BURKE N,BROPHY D,KING P A.Otolith shape analysis:its application for discriminating between stocks of Irish Sea and Celtic Sea herring(Clupea harengus)in the Irish Sea[J].JMar Sci,2008,65:1670-1675.
[27]STEER M A,FOWLER A J.Spatial variation in shape of otoliths for southern garfish Hyporhamphus melanochir-contribution to stock structure[J].Mar Biol Res,2015,11:504-515.
[28]FABLET R,CHESSEL A,CARBINI S,et al.Reconstructing individual shape histories of fish otoliths:a new image-based tool for otolith growth analysis and modeling[J].Fish Res,2009,96:148-159.
[29]SCHULZ-MIRBACH T,RIESCH R,GARICA F J,et al.Effects of extreme habitat conditions on otolith morphology-a case study on extremophile livebearing fishes(Poecilia mexicana,P.sulphuraria)[J].Zoology,2011,114:321-334.
[2]里克W E.鱼类种群生物统计量的计算和解析[M].费鸿年,袁蔚文,译.北京:科学出版社,1984:141.
[3]袁传宓,林金榜,刘仁华,等.刀鲚的年龄和生长[J].水生生物学集刊,1978,6(3):285-296.
[4]ERICKSON C M.Age determination of Manitoban walleyes using otoliths,dorsal spines,and scales[J].North American journal of fisheries management,1983,3(2):176-181.
[5]沈建忠,曹文宣,崔奕波.用鳞片和耳石鉴定鲫年龄的比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(5):462-466.
[6]AVIGLIANO E,JAWAD L A,VOLPEDO A V.Assessment of the morphometry of saccular otoliths as a tool to identify triplefin species(Tripterygiidae)[J].J Mar Biol Assoc U.K.,2016,96:1167-1180.
[7]RENAN X,MONTERO-MUNOZ J,GARZA-PEREZ R,et al.Age and stock analysis using otolith shape in gags from the southern gulf of Mexico[J].T Am Fish Soc,2016,145:1252-1265.
[8]BOSE A P H,ADRAGNA J B,BALSHINE S.Otolith morphology varies between populations,sexes and male alternative reproductive tactics in a vocal toadfish Porichthys notatus[J].J Fish Biol,2017,90:311-325.
[9]任冬妮.淡水鲤鱼耳石结构、性质及其生物矿化机制的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2013:33-35.
[10]陈宜瑜.中国动物志.硬骨鱼纲.鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:182-197.
[11]洪秀云.渤、黄海带鱼年龄与生长的研究[J].水产学报,1980,4(4):361-370.
[12]朱志荣,林永泰,方榕乐.武昌东湖蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌的食性及其种群控制问题的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1976,6(1):36-52.
[13]REJIST J D.An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometric data[J].Can J Zool,1985,63:1429-1439.
[14]PONTUAL H D,PROUZET P.Numerical analysis of scale morphology to discriminate between Atlantic salmon stocks[J].Aquatic living resources,1988,1:17-27.
[15]TUSET V M,LOMBARTE A,GONZAL J A,et al.Comparative morphology of the sagittal otolith in Serranus spp[J].JFish Biol,2003,63:1491-1504.
[16]于鑫.鱼类耳石形态和微化学分析方法及其在群体识别中的实证研究[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2014:23.
[17]YAMAUCHI M,TANAKA J,HARADA Y.Comparative study on the morphology and the composition of the otoliths in the teleosts[J].Acta Oto-Laryngol,2008,128:846-855.
[18]YILMAZ S,YAZICIOGLU O,YAZICI R,et al.Relationships between fish length and otolith size for five cyprinid species from Lake Ladik,Samsun,Turkey[J].Turk J Zool,2015,39:438-446.
[19]ANEESH K K V,DEEPA K P,HASHIM M,et al.Relationships between fish size and otolith size of four bathydemersal fish species from the south eastern Arabian Sea,India[J].J Appl Ichthyol,2017,33:102-107.
[20]张小谷,熊邦喜.鄱阳湖鲌属(Culter)和原鲌属(Culterichthys)鱼类体重与体维关系[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(4):457-464.
[21]张国华,但胜国,苗志国,等.六种鲤科鱼类耳石形态以及在种类和群体识别中的应用[J].水生生物学报,1999,23(6):683-688.
[22]ZISCHKE M T,LITHERLAND L,TILYARD B R,et al.Otolith morphology of four mackerel species(Scomberomorus spp.)in Australia:species differentiation and prediction for fisheries monitoring and assessment[J].Fish Res,2016,176:39-47.
[23]张小谷.鄱阳湖四种鲌形态与生长的比较研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008:42-48.
[24]郭弘艺,魏凯,唐文乔,等.基于矢耳石形态特征的中国鲚属鱼类种类识别[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(1):127-134.
[25]叶振江,孟晓梦,高天翔,等.两种花鲈(Lateolabraxsp.)耳石形态的地理变异[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(4):356-360.
[26]BURKE N,BROPHY D,KING P A.Otolith shape analysis:its application for discriminating between stocks of Irish Sea and Celtic Sea herring(Clupea harengus)in the Irish Sea[J].JMar Sci,2008,65:1670-1675.
[27]STEER M A,FOWLER A J.Spatial variation in shape of otoliths for southern garfish Hyporhamphus melanochir-contribution to stock structure[J].Mar Biol Res,2015,11:504-515.
[28]FABLET R,CHESSEL A,CARBINI S,et al.Reconstructing individual shape histories of fish otoliths:a new image-based tool for otolith growth analysis and modeling[J].Fish Res,2009,96:148-159.
[29]SCHULZ-MIRBACH T,RIESCH R,GARICA F J,et al.Effects of extreme habitat conditions on otolith morphology-a case study on extremophile livebearing fishes(Poecilia mexicana,P.sulphuraria)[J].Zoology,2011,114:321-334.