农村宅基地制度改革:关键问题、产权保障与重点突破
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摘要
宅基地的公平取得、有偿利用、自愿退出和科学规划是土地供给侧改革赋予新时期我国农村宅基地制度优化的主要任务。推动农村宅基地布局结构调整和土地供给迈向中高端的关键是坚持和落实"一户一宅"制度。深化供给侧结构性改革背景下推动现行宅基地制度自我优化的关键是必须建立定额使用、超额认缴、依法取得、合法占用的宅基地利用制度,而核心是通过构建市场化的自愿退出机制与逐步扩大的宅基地"两权"来有效维护农民权益。当前农村宅基地制度改革需要重点突破的是小产权房乱象,破解遗留已久的小产权房问题,必需谨慎选择小产权房逐步实现合法化的推进策略,才能最终建立起宅基地存量与增量入市相统一的规划监管制度。
Under the background of land supply side reform, the fair acquisition, paid utilization, voluntary withdrawal and scientific planning of homestead are the main tasks of optimizing the rural homestead system in the new era. The key to promote the adjustment of rural homestead layout and land supply to the middle and high level is to adhere to and implement the "one family, one house" system. To promote the self-optimization of the existing homestead system In the context of deepening the structural reform of the supply side, it is necessary to establish a homestead utilization system based on the use of quotas, over-subscribe, legal acquisition and legitimate occupation. The core is to effectively protect the rights and interests of farmers by constructing a market-based voluntary withdrawal mechanism and gradually expanding the "two rights" of the homestead. The current rural homestead system reform needs to break through the chaos of houses with limited property rights. To solve this long-lasted problem, the government must adopt a strategy of progressively legalizing houses with limited property rights of carefully selected houses.Eventually, a designing and supervising system that ensures both the stocked and the incremental homesteads to enter the market will be established.
Under the background of land supply side reform, the fair acquisition, paid utilization, voluntary withdrawal and scientific planning of homestead are the main tasks of optimizing the rural homestead system in the new era. The key to promote the adjustment of rural homestead layout and land supply to the middle and high level is to adhere to and implement the "one family, one house" system. To promote the self-optimization of the existing homestead system In the context of deepening the structural reform of the supply side, it is necessary to establish a homestead utilization system based on the use of quotas, over-subscribe, legal acquisition and legitimate occupation. The core is to effectively protect the rights and interests of farmers by constructing a market-based voluntary withdrawal mechanism and gradually expanding the "two rights" of the homestead. The current rural homestead system reform needs to break through the chaos of houses with limited property rights. To solve this long-lasted problem, the government must adopt a strategy of progressively legalizing houses with limited property rights of carefully selected houses.Eventually, a designing and supervising system that ensures both the stocked and the incremental homesteads to enter the market will be established.
引文
[1]桂华.公有制视野下宅基地制度及其改革方向辨析[J].政治经济学评论,2015(5):179-194.
[2]王克强,郑旭,张冰松.土地市场供给侧结构性改革研究———基于“如何推进土地市场领域的供给侧结构性改革研讨会”的思考[J].中国土地科学,2016(12):3-9.
[3]余振国.基于供给侧结构性改革的土地利用规划制度体系完善路径探索[R].中国土地政策研究报告,2017:190-199.
[4]黄燕芬,李怡达,夏方舟.土地领域供给侧结构性改革研究:基本内涵、关键问题与核心对策[J].价格理论与实践,2016(9):14-17.
[5]项晓敏,金晓斌.供给侧结构性改革视角下的土地整治制度创新初探[J].中国土地科学,2017(4):12-21.
[6]余永和,张凤.农村宅基地流转的论争与宅基地制度的完善[J].农村经济,2014(6):8-11.
[7]陈藜藜,宋戈,邹朝晖.经济新常态下农村宅基地退出机制研究[J].农村经济,2016(7):42-48.
[8]罗亚海.公共政策理论视角下农村宅基地退出机制论析[J].求索,2015(2):114-119.
[9]党国英.论农村宅基地制度改革的正当性基础与深化策略[J].新视野,2016(5):46-52.
[10]杨璐璐.产权保护视野的农村宅基地制度演进[J].重庆社会科学,2016(11):29-37.
[11]魏后凯,刘同山.农村宅基地退出的政策演变、模式比较及制度安排[J].东岳论丛,2016(9):15-23.
[12]刘守英.农村宅基地制度的特殊性与出路[J].国家行政学院学报,2015(3):18-24.
(1)根据国土资源部的统一安排,从2016年1月1日起,农村宅基地使用权证、房屋所有权证统一纳入不动产登记,部分试点地区因改革时间在前,因此仍然沿用两证管理办法。
(2)这种相应资格主要是指按照《中华人民共和国土地管理法》中规定的:不存在法律规定中已将宅基地流转或买卖而再次申请的情况。
(3)这种上线标准主要是东部发达地和土地资源相对稀缺地区采用的较多,而中西部地区人地关系矛盾相对缓和,因而对农民居民点中宅基地面积上限的约束并不严格。
[2]王克强,郑旭,张冰松.土地市场供给侧结构性改革研究———基于“如何推进土地市场领域的供给侧结构性改革研讨会”的思考[J].中国土地科学,2016(12):3-9.
[3]余振国.基于供给侧结构性改革的土地利用规划制度体系完善路径探索[R].中国土地政策研究报告,2017:190-199.
[4]黄燕芬,李怡达,夏方舟.土地领域供给侧结构性改革研究:基本内涵、关键问题与核心对策[J].价格理论与实践,2016(9):14-17.
[5]项晓敏,金晓斌.供给侧结构性改革视角下的土地整治制度创新初探[J].中国土地科学,2017(4):12-21.
[6]余永和,张凤.农村宅基地流转的论争与宅基地制度的完善[J].农村经济,2014(6):8-11.
[7]陈藜藜,宋戈,邹朝晖.经济新常态下农村宅基地退出机制研究[J].农村经济,2016(7):42-48.
[8]罗亚海.公共政策理论视角下农村宅基地退出机制论析[J].求索,2015(2):114-119.
[9]党国英.论农村宅基地制度改革的正当性基础与深化策略[J].新视野,2016(5):46-52.
[10]杨璐璐.产权保护视野的农村宅基地制度演进[J].重庆社会科学,2016(11):29-37.
[11]魏后凯,刘同山.农村宅基地退出的政策演变、模式比较及制度安排[J].东岳论丛,2016(9):15-23.
[12]刘守英.农村宅基地制度的特殊性与出路[J].国家行政学院学报,2015(3):18-24.
(1)根据国土资源部的统一安排,从2016年1月1日起,农村宅基地使用权证、房屋所有权证统一纳入不动产登记,部分试点地区因改革时间在前,因此仍然沿用两证管理办法。
(2)这种相应资格主要是指按照《中华人民共和国土地管理法》中规定的:不存在法律规定中已将宅基地流转或买卖而再次申请的情况。
(3)这种上线标准主要是东部发达地和土地资源相对稀缺地区采用的较多,而中西部地区人地关系矛盾相对缓和,因而对农民居民点中宅基地面积上限的约束并不严格。