关闭矿山采煤沉陷地农业复垦路径选择
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摘要
我国人多地少的国情决定了农业复垦是矿山关闭后首选的复垦方式,但是传统农业效益低、产出少,这极大地阻碍了地方政府和煤矿企业的农地复垦积极性,因此必须探索一条现代高效农业复垦的新路径。本文以东北老工业基地——辽宁沈煤集团沈北矿区采煤沉陷地为例,基于现场调查法、RS技术和GIS技术,以及极限条件法和指数和法相结合的方法,分析了辽宁沈北矿区采煤沉陷地损毁现状,指出了采煤沉陷地农业复垦制约因素,探讨了采煤沉陷地农业复垦的选择路径。结果表明,采煤沉陷地复垦为现代农业是可行的,也是必要的。浅塌陷区可以重点发展特色农业和生态观光农业,而季节性性积水区则可发展养殖、种植、加工三位一体的立体农业和生态观光农业,大面积深积水区则适宜开发为湿地农业,发展生态旅游。
Agricultural use of reclaimed land in coal mining areas is a preferred way due to the more population but less arable land in China.However,traditional agricultural benefit is too low to greatly hinder the agricultural reclamation enthusiasm of the local government and coal enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a new pathway introducing modern and efficient agricultural operation models.Based on the field investigation,RS and GIS technology,and the combination of limit condition method and exponential method,this paper,taking Shenbei mining area in Shenyang coal industry group of Liaoning as an example,analyzed the restraining factors of agricultural reclamation in mining subsidence land and developed the pathways of agricultural reclamation.The results show that the reclamation of the coal mining subsidence land is feasible and necessary for modern agriculture.The shallow subsided area could be reclaimed for characteristic agriculture or ecological tourism agriculture;the seasonal watershed area could be developed for three-dimensional agriculture trinity of breeding,planting,processing or ecological tourism agriculture;large deep water area could be suitable for wetland use or ecotourism.
Agricultural use of reclaimed land in coal mining areas is a preferred way due to the more population but less arable land in China.However,traditional agricultural benefit is too low to greatly hinder the agricultural reclamation enthusiasm of the local government and coal enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a new pathway introducing modern and efficient agricultural operation models.Based on the field investigation,RS and GIS technology,and the combination of limit condition method and exponential method,this paper,taking Shenbei mining area in Shenyang coal industry group of Liaoning as an example,analyzed the restraining factors of agricultural reclamation in mining subsidence land and developed the pathways of agricultural reclamation.The results show that the reclamation of the coal mining subsidence land is feasible and necessary for modern agriculture.The shallow subsided area could be reclaimed for characteristic agriculture or ecological tourism agriculture;the seasonal watershed area could be developed for three-dimensional agriculture trinity of breeding,planting,processing or ecological tourism agriculture;large deep water area could be suitable for wetland use or ecotourism.
引文
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[2]李滋睿,屈冬玉.现代农业发展模式与政策需求分析[J].农业经济问题,2007,28(9):25-29.
[3]刘成林.现代农业产业体系特征及构建途径[J].农业现代化研究,2007,28(4):472-475.
[4]李娜,郑建初,刘华周.江苏省现代高效农业发展目标与模式研究[J].江苏农业学报,2009(1):1-5.
[5]杨仪青.基于区域资源优势的高效农业发展模式分析[J].商业时代,2013(23):114-115.
[6]孙芳,李云贤.现代农业经营模式国际发展趋势[J].农村经济,2009(10):33-37.
[7]王莉,张和生.国内外矿区土地复垦研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2013(1):294-300.
[8]马云泽.农业产业化发展的制约因素与实现路径选择[J].工业技术经济,2003,22(6):2-4.
[9]胡亦琴,王洪远.现代服务业与农业耦合发展路径选择——以浙江省为例[J].农业技术经济,2014(4):25-33.
[10]赖涪林.现代参与式农业的发展条件与路径选择[J].农业技术经济,2005(2):24-28.
[11]朱绪荣,李靖,付海英.现代农业示范区总体规划理论与实践[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):223-231.
[12]聂华林,杨敬宇.特色现代农业是我国西部农业现代化的基本取向[J].农业现代化研究,2009,30(5):513-518.
[13]齐飞,朱明,周新群,等.农业工程与中国农业现代化相互关系分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):1-10.
[14]张九汉.优化农业结构建设高效农业[J].中国农村经济,1997(3):71-75.
[15]王建法,陈晓东,吕本国,等.高效农业及其发展思路[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(7):383-386.
[16]王世岩,杨永兴,杨波.我国湿地农业可持续发展模式探析[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):176-178.
[17]崔艳,白中科,张继栋,等.露天矿区农用地复垦适宜性评价的方法与应用[J].农业工程学报,2008(S1):181-184.
[18]王世东,郭徵,陈秋计,等.基于极限综合评价法的土地复垦适宜性评价研究与实践[J].测绘科学,2012(1):67-70,66.