双季稻区镉污染稻田水稻改制玉米轮作对镉吸收的影响
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摘要
为研究低镉(Cd)污染(Cd为0.35 mg·kg~(-1))稻田改制的农产品安全利用技术,通过双季稻区早-晚稻轮作,玉米-玉米轮作、水稻-玉米轮作和玉米-水稻轮作试验,研究不同轮作制度下土壤有效Cd、作物不同器官Cd含量,Cd富集系数、转移系数和土壤养分的变化。结果表明:不同轮作制度下,水稻根、茎叶和稻米中Cd的平均含量分别为3.66、1.30 mg·kg~(-1)和0.36 mg·kg~(-1);玉米根、茎叶和籽粒中Cd的含量分别为0.50、0.12 mg·kg~(-1)和0.03 mg·kg~(-1);水稻根系、茎叶和籽粒的富集系数平均分别为11.96、4.27和1.19,玉米的分别为1.73、0.50和0.13;水稻的根系向茎叶和茎叶向籽粒转运的转运系数分别为0.36和0.28,玉米的为0.24和0.20;晚稻籽粒Cd含量高于早稻,秋玉米Cd含量高于春玉米;土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾不影响作物对Cd的吸收;种植玉米比同季水稻略有增产。研究表明,在Cd轻度污染地区,晚稻改种玉米能保障粮食作物安全,是一种值得推荐的种植制度。
In this study, we examined the effects of rice and corn rotation on soil effective cadmium(Cd)levels, Cd levels in various parts of rice and corn, and coefficients of accumulation and transfer in lightly Cd-polluted(Cd 0.35 mg·kg~(-1))double-cropping paddy rice fields.The results showed that the average content of Cd in rice roots, stems and leaves, and grains was 3.66, 1.30 mg·kg~(-1), and 0.36 mg·kg~(-1), respectively; the content of Cd in corn roots, stems and leaves, and grains was 0.50, 0.12 mg·kg~(-1), and 0.03 mg·kg~(-1), respectively; the average bio-accumulation coefficients corresponding to rice roots, stems and leaves, and grains were 11.96, 4.27, and 1.19, and those in corn were1.73, 0.50, and 0.13, respectively; the transfer coefficients from rice roots to the stems and leaves and from the stems and leaves to grains were 0.36 and 0.28, whereas those in corn were 0.24 and 0.20, respectively; the content of Cd in late rice grains was higher than that in early rice grains, and the content of Cd in autumn corn grains was higher than that in spring corn grain; the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and rapid-acting potassium in the soil had no effects on Cd uptake by crops; and the planted corn was slightly more productive than rice during the same season. In summary, planting corn instead of later rice replanting may ensure safer crop grains in lightly Cd-polluted double-cropping paddy rice fields. This rotation can be considered a recommendable planting system.
In this study, we examined the effects of rice and corn rotation on soil effective cadmium(Cd)levels, Cd levels in various parts of rice and corn, and coefficients of accumulation and transfer in lightly Cd-polluted(Cd 0.35 mg·kg~(-1))double-cropping paddy rice fields.The results showed that the average content of Cd in rice roots, stems and leaves, and grains was 3.66, 1.30 mg·kg~(-1), and 0.36 mg·kg~(-1), respectively; the content of Cd in corn roots, stems and leaves, and grains was 0.50, 0.12 mg·kg~(-1), and 0.03 mg·kg~(-1), respectively; the average bio-accumulation coefficients corresponding to rice roots, stems and leaves, and grains were 11.96, 4.27, and 1.19, and those in corn were1.73, 0.50, and 0.13, respectively; the transfer coefficients from rice roots to the stems and leaves and from the stems and leaves to grains were 0.36 and 0.28, whereas those in corn were 0.24 and 0.20, respectively; the content of Cd in late rice grains was higher than that in early rice grains, and the content of Cd in autumn corn grains was higher than that in spring corn grain; the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and rapid-acting potassium in the soil had no effects on Cd uptake by crops; and the planted corn was slightly more productive than rice during the same season. In summary, planting corn instead of later rice replanting may ensure safer crop grains in lightly Cd-polluted double-cropping paddy rice fields. This rotation can be considered a recommendable planting system.
引文
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[2]张红振,骆永明,章海波,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J].土壤学报, 2010, 47(4):628-638.ZHANG Hong-zhen, LUO Yong-ming, ZHANG Hai-bo, et al. Study on soil environmental quality guidelines and standardsⅤ. Modeling of cadmium uptake in soil-crop systems for human food safety in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(4):628-638.
[3]詹杰,魏树和,牛荣成.我国稻田土壤镉污染现状及安全生产新措施[J].农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(7):1257-1263.ZHAN Jie, WEI Shu-he, NIU Rong-cheng. Advances of cadmium contaminated paddy soil research and new measure of its safe production in China:A review[J]. Journal of Argo-Environment Science, 2012, 31(7):1257-1263.
[4]腾振宁,张玉烛,方宝华,等.秩次分析法在低镉水稻品种筛选中的应用[J].中国稻米, 2017, 23(2):21-26.TENG Zhen-ning, ZHANG Yu-zhu, FANG Bao-hua, et al. Rank analysis method utilization on screening low cadmium rice varieties[J]. China Rice, 2017, 23(2):21-26.
[5]张玉烛,方宝华,腾振宁,等.应急性镉低积累水稻品种筛选与验证[J].湖南农业科学, 2017(12):19-25.ZHANG Yu-zhu, FANG Bao-hua, TENG Zhen-ning, et al. Screening and verification of rice varieties with low cadmium accumulation[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2017(12):19-25.
[6] Honma T, Ohba H, Kaneko A, et al. Effects of soil amendments on arsenic and cadmium uptake by rice plants(Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari)under different water management practices[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2016, 62(4):349-356.
[7] Tang X, Li Q, Wu M, et al. Review of remediation practices regarding cadmium-enriched farmland soil with particular reference to China[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 181:646-662.
[8]代允超,吕家珑,曹莹菲,等.石灰和有机质对不同性质镉污染土壤中镉有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(3):514-519.DAI Yun-chao, LüJia-long, CAO Ying-fei, et al. Effects of lime and organic amendments on Cd availability in Cd-contaminated soils with different properties[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(3):514-519.
[9]范明生,江荣风,张福锁,等.水旱轮作系统作物养分管理策略[J].应用生态学报, 2008, 19(2):424-432.FAN Ming-sheng, JIANG Rong-feng, ZHANG Fu-suo, et al. Nutrient management strategy of paddy rice upland crop rotation system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(2):424-432.
[10] Mousavi S F, Yousefi-Moghadam S, Mostafazadeh-Fard B, et al. Effect of puddling intensity on physical properties of a silty clay soil under laboratory and field conditions[J]. Paddy&Water Environment,2009, 7(1):45-54.
[11] Motschenbacher J, Brye K R, Anders M M. Long-term rice-based cropping system effects on near-surface soil compaction[J]. Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 2(2):117-124.
[12] Zheng H, Huang H, Zhang C, et al. National-scale paddy-upland rotation in northern China promotes sustainable development of cultivated land[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016, 170:20-25.
[13] Fujisaka S, Harrington L, Hobbs P. Rice-wheat in south Asia:Systems and long-term priorities established through diagnostic research[J]. Agricultural Systems, 1994, 46(2):169-187.
[14]钟武云.湖南稻田耕作制度改革的形式与对策[J].作物研究,2003, 17(3):114-116.ZHONG Wu-yun. The situation and countermeasures of the reform of the rice field farming system in Hunan Province[J]. Crop Research,2003, 17(3):114-116.
[15]谢运河,纪雄辉,彭华,等.镉污染稻田改制玉米的农产品质量安全研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2014, 35(5):658-662.XIE Yun-he, JI Xiong-hui, PENG Hua, et al. Agricultural product quality safety of conversion from double rice to rice/maize in a Cd polluted paddy field[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2014, 35(5):658-662.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000.LU Ru-kun. Soil agricultural chemical analysis method[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000.
[17]熊婕,朱奇宏,黄道友,等.南方稻田土壤有效态镉提取方法研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2018, 39(1):170-177.XIONG Jie, ZHU Qi-hong, HUANG Dao-you, et al. Comparsion of single extraction methods for assessing Cd availability in paddy soils in south China[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2018, 39(1):170-177.
[18]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中镉的测定方法GB/T 5009.15—2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2017.National Health Commission of the PRC, Standardization Administration of the PRC. Determination of cadmium in foods GB/T 5009.15-2003[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2017.
[19] Varalakshmi L R, Ganeshaofmurthy A N. Phytotoxicity of cadmium in radish and its effects on growth, yield, and cadmium uptashipke[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2013, 44(9):1444-1563,
[20] Zheng R L, Li H F, Jiang R F, et al. Cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different cultivars of radish, Raphanus sativus L., and carrot, Daucus carota var. sativa, grown in a Cd-contaminated soil[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008, 81(1):75-79.
[21] Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang C, et al. Effects of growing seasons and genotypes on the accumulation of cadmium and mineral nutrients in rice grown in cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017, 579:1282-1288.
[22]刘昭兵,纪雄辉,彭华.等水分管理模式对水稻吸收累积镉的影响及其作用机理[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(4):908-914.LIU Zhao-bing, JI Xiong-hui, PENG Hua, et al. Effects and action mechanisms of different water management modes on rice Cd absorption and accumulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010,21(4):908-914.
[23] Hu P, Ouyang Y, Wu L, et al. Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 27:225-231.
[24]封文利,郭朝晖,石磊,等.控源及改良措施对稻田土壤和水稻镉积累的影响[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(1):399-405.FENG Wen-li, GUO Zhao-hui, SHI Lei, et al. Distribution and accumulation of cadmium in paddy soil and rice affected by pollutant sources control and improvement measures[J]. Environmental Science,2018, 39(1):399-405.
[25]任秀娟,朱东海,吴海卿,等.镉铅单一及复合胁迫对玉米干物质及镉铅吸收的影响[J].河南农业科学, 2012, 41(12):29-32.REN Xiu-juan, ZHU Dong-hai, WU Hai-qing, et al. Effects of cadmium, lead and their combination pollution on biological yield and absorption characteristics of maize[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 41(12):29-32.
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