疫病净化对动物后代繁育的影响研究——基于全国297个规模化养鸡场的实证分析
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摘要
2012年,国务院提出了《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划(2012—2020年)》,要求对16种动物疫病逐步进行控制、净化和消除。基于此,本文利用全国297个规模养鸡场的调查数据,采用随机效应模型,分析疫病净化对养鸡场动物后代繁育的影响。结果表明,已净化养鸡场的日最高产蛋率、种蛋合格率、种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率分别比未净化养鸡场高1.091%、1.090%、0.892%、0.528%。相比已净化养鸡场与未净化养鸡场之间后代繁育指标的差异,净化不同病种带来的差异较小。增加疫苗投入、减少兽药使用、合理设置技术人员数量可有效提升鸡群的后代繁育能力,采用封闭式的栏舍、非笼养的饲养方式、非自繁自养的引种方式以及整批的出栏方式可在某种程度上提高养鸡场动物的后代繁育能力。全国7个区域中,华北地区养鸡场的后代繁育能力最强。建议国家加强对疫病净化的宣传,积极组织疫病净化方面的培训和交流。养鸡场在开展疫病净化的同时,重视疫苗免疫工作,尽可能减少兽药的使用,有效地聘用技术人员。
In the year of 2012,the state council of the People's Republic of China put forward the"National Plan for Prevention and Control of Long-term Animal Diseases(2012-2020) ",which requires the gradual control,eradication and elimination of 16 animal diseases. Based on this,this paper used the survey data of 297 chicken farms in China,in order to analyze the effect of the disease purifying on the breeding of offspring of chicken farms using random effects model. The results showed that the daily highest egg laying rate,hatching egg pass rate,hatching egg fertility rate and fertile egg hatching rate of purified chicken farms were1. 091%,1. 090%,0. 892%,0. 528% higher than those of unpurified chicken farms respectively. Compared with the difference between the index of breeding of offspring between the purified chicken farms and the unpurified chicken farms,the differences caused by purified dif-ferent disease types were small. Increasing vaccine expense,reducing the use of veterinary drugs,and rationally setting up the number of technicians can effectively improve the breeding ability of the offspring of the flock. Using enclosed chicken house,non-cage housing method,non-autotrophic breeding method and bulk marketing could improve the breeding ability of the offspring of the chicken farms to some extent. Among the seven regions in the country,the chickens in north China had the strongest breeding offspring ability. The government should step up publicity on the disease eradication,and actively organize training and communication of disease eradication. While carrying out the disease eradication,the chicken farms need to pay attention to the vaccine immunization work,minimize the use of veterinary drugs,and effectively employ technicians.
In the year of 2012,the state council of the People's Republic of China put forward the"National Plan for Prevention and Control of Long-term Animal Diseases(2012-2020) ",which requires the gradual control,eradication and elimination of 16 animal diseases. Based on this,this paper used the survey data of 297 chicken farms in China,in order to analyze the effect of the disease purifying on the breeding of offspring of chicken farms using random effects model. The results showed that the daily highest egg laying rate,hatching egg pass rate,hatching egg fertility rate and fertile egg hatching rate of purified chicken farms were1. 091%,1. 090%,0. 892%,0. 528% higher than those of unpurified chicken farms respectively. Compared with the difference between the index of breeding of offspring between the purified chicken farms and the unpurified chicken farms,the differences caused by purified dif-ferent disease types were small. Increasing vaccine expense,reducing the use of veterinary drugs,and rationally setting up the number of technicians can effectively improve the breeding ability of the offspring of the flock. Using enclosed chicken house,non-cage housing method,non-autotrophic breeding method and bulk marketing could improve the breeding ability of the offspring of the chicken farms to some extent. Among the seven regions in the country,the chickens in north China had the strongest breeding offspring ability. The government should step up publicity on the disease eradication,and actively organize training and communication of disease eradication. While carrying out the disease eradication,the chicken farms need to pay attention to the vaccine immunization work,minimize the use of veterinary drugs,and effectively employ technicians.
引文
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[2]杨林,张淼洁,付雯,等.种猪场疫病净化综合防控措施[J].中国畜牧业,2016(2):38-40.YANG L,ZHANG M J,FU W,et al.Comprehensive prevention and control measures of disease eradication in poultry farm[J].China Animal Industry,2016(2):38-40.(in Chinese)
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[6]张丹俊,沈学怀,赵瑞宏,等.禽白血病和鸡白痢净化与非净化鸡群生产性能差异性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(5):695-700.ZHANG D J.,SHENG X H,ZHAO R H,et al.The difference of production performance between avian leucosis and pullorum eradicated and non-eradicated chickens[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2013,40(5):695-700.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[8]STOTT A W,GUNN G J.Use of a benefit function to assess the relative investment potential of alternative farm animal disease prevention strategies[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2008,84(3):179-193.
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[10]LINDBERG A L,ALENIUS S.Principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus(BVDV)infections in cattle populations[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1999,64(2-3):197-222.
[11]DJUNAIDI H,DJUNAIDI A C M.The economic impacts of avian influenza on world poultry trade and the U.S.poultry industry:a spatial equilibrium analysis[J].Journal of Agricultural&Applied Economics,2007,39(2):313-323.
[12]GAVORA J S,SPENCER J L,GOWE R S,et al.Lymphoid leukosis virus infection:effects on production and mortality and consequences in selection for high egg production[J].Poultry Science,1980,59(10):2165-2178.
[13]屈凤琴,李红卫.鸡白痢阳性鸡对种鸡生产性能影响的调查[J].中国预防兽医学报,1998,20(1):43-45.QU F Q,YANG S Q,GUAN S J,et al.The investigations on the harmfulness of pullorum reactors to the productivity of breeder chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Poultry Infectious Diseases,1998,20(1):43-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张桂枝,靳双星,黄炎坤.禽白血病和鸡白痢净化与非净化鸡群生产性能的差异性比较[J].中国兽医杂志,2017,53(7):49-51.ZHANG G Z,JIN S X,HUANG Y K.The differences in production performance between purification and non-purification flocks by eradicating avian leukemia and pullorum disease[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2017,53(7):49-51.(in Chinese)
[15]刘玉梅,张锐,刁新育,等.猪伪狂犬病净化对猪生产性能影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(10):39-46.LIU Y M,ZHANG R,DIAO X Y,et al.Effect of pseudorabies purification on the production performance in pigs[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(10):39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]HSSIG M,KEMPER-GISLER D,LIESEGANG A,et al.Vergleich von Leistungsfhigkeit und tierrztlichen Kosten in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben mit und ohne《Integrierte Tierrztliche Bestandesbetreuung》(ITB)[J].Sat Schweizer Archiv Für Tierheilkunde,2010,152(10):470-476.
[17]WOODS,ABIGAIL.Is prevention better than cure?The rise and fall of veterinary preventive medicine,c.1950-1980[J].Social History of Medicine,2013,26(1):113-131.
[18]DERKS M,HOGEVEEN H,KOOISTRA S R,et al.Efficiency of dairy farms participating and not participating in veterinary herd health management programs[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2014,117(3/4):478-486.
[2]杨林,张淼洁,付雯,等.种猪场疫病净化综合防控措施[J].中国畜牧业,2016(2):38-40.YANG L,ZHANG M J,FU W,et al.Comprehensive prevention and control measures of disease eradication in poultry farm[J].China Animal Industry,2016(2):38-40.(in Chinese)
[3]韦平,崔治中.地方品种鸡禽白血病和鸡白痢的危害及净化防控的实践[J].中国家禽,2015,37(9):1-4.WEI P,CUI Z Z.Practice of prevention and control of leukemia and white diarrhea in local poultry breeds[J].China Poultry,2015,37(9):1-4.(in Chinese)
[4]何辉.禽白血病控制和净化计划的优化与评估[J].中国家禽,2014,36(3):38-39.HE H.Optimization and evaluation of avian leukemia control and eradication programs[J].China Poultry,2014,36(3):38-39.(in Chinese)
[5]CLEGG T A,GRAHAM D A,O'SULLIVAN P,et al.Temporal trends in the retention of BVD+calves and associated animal and herd-level risk factors during the compulsory eradication programme in Ireland[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2016,134:128-138.
[6]张丹俊,沈学怀,赵瑞宏,等.禽白血病和鸡白痢净化与非净化鸡群生产性能差异性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(5):695-700.ZHANG D J.,SHENG X H,ZHAO R H,et al.The difference of production performance between avian leucosis and pullorum eradicated and non-eradicated chickens[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2013,40(5):695-700.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]时倩,潘玲,周杰.鸡白痢鸡伤寒对种鸡生产性能的影响[J].东北农业科学,2011,36(4):55-57.SHI Q,PAN L.,ZHOU J,et al.Influence of pullorosis fowl typhoid on the production performance of chicken[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2011,36(4):55-57.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]STOTT A W,GUNN G J.Use of a benefit function to assess the relative investment potential of alternative farm animal disease prevention strategies[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2008,84(3):179-193.
[9]GRAHAM D A,CLEGG T A,O'SULLIVAN P,et al.Survival time of calves with positive BVD virus results born during the voluntary phase of the Irish eradication programme[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2015,119:123-133.
[10]LINDBERG A L,ALENIUS S.Principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus(BVDV)infections in cattle populations[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1999,64(2-3):197-222.
[11]DJUNAIDI H,DJUNAIDI A C M.The economic impacts of avian influenza on world poultry trade and the U.S.poultry industry:a spatial equilibrium analysis[J].Journal of Agricultural&Applied Economics,2007,39(2):313-323.
[12]GAVORA J S,SPENCER J L,GOWE R S,et al.Lymphoid leukosis virus infection:effects on production and mortality and consequences in selection for high egg production[J].Poultry Science,1980,59(10):2165-2178.
[13]屈凤琴,李红卫.鸡白痢阳性鸡对种鸡生产性能影响的调查[J].中国预防兽医学报,1998,20(1):43-45.QU F Q,YANG S Q,GUAN S J,et al.The investigations on the harmfulness of pullorum reactors to the productivity of breeder chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Poultry Infectious Diseases,1998,20(1):43-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张桂枝,靳双星,黄炎坤.禽白血病和鸡白痢净化与非净化鸡群生产性能的差异性比较[J].中国兽医杂志,2017,53(7):49-51.ZHANG G Z,JIN S X,HUANG Y K.The differences in production performance between purification and non-purification flocks by eradicating avian leukemia and pullorum disease[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2017,53(7):49-51.(in Chinese)
[15]刘玉梅,张锐,刁新育,等.猪伪狂犬病净化对猪生产性能影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(10):39-46.LIU Y M,ZHANG R,DIAO X Y,et al.Effect of pseudorabies purification on the production performance in pigs[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(10):39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]HSSIG M,KEMPER-GISLER D,LIESEGANG A,et al.Vergleich von Leistungsfhigkeit und tierrztlichen Kosten in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben mit und ohne《Integrierte Tierrztliche Bestandesbetreuung》(ITB)[J].Sat Schweizer Archiv Für Tierheilkunde,2010,152(10):470-476.
[17]WOODS,ABIGAIL.Is prevention better than cure?The rise and fall of veterinary preventive medicine,c.1950-1980[J].Social History of Medicine,2013,26(1):113-131.
[18]DERKS M,HOGEVEEN H,KOOISTRA S R,et al.Efficiency of dairy farms participating and not participating in veterinary herd health management programs[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2014,117(3/4):478-486.