疫病净化对规模化养鸡场经济效益的影响分析
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摘要
[目的][方法]利用全国297个规模养鸡场2011—2015年的调查数据,采用成本收益法及样本均值T检验讨论疫病净化对养鸡场成本、收入和利润的影响。[结果](1)从总体收益角度来看,蛋鸡场的净化收益高于肉鸡场,祖代及以上场的净化收益高于其他代次,东部地区养鸡场的净化收益相比中西部地区更佳。(2)从单只鸡净收益角度来看,疫病净化对单只肉鸡的收益影响大于蛋鸡,对混合代养鸡场单只鸡的收益影响大于其他代次。目前,仅有华东地区、华南地区和西北地区的已净化养鸡场单只鸡的净收益大于未净化场,其余区域均低于未净化场。(3)除2011年外,2012—2015年期间已净化养鸡场的总收益及单只鸡净收益均高于未净化场。并且随着时间的推移,已净化养鸡场单只鸡净收益与未净化养鸡场之间的差距正在扩大。[结论]开展疫病净化可以提高养鸡场的经济效益。
By comparing the costs,benefits and profits of two types of( purified and unpurified) large-scale chicken farms in China,and identifying the effect of disease eradication of chicken farms in different types( Laying hen farms,Broiler farms),generations( Farms of grandparent generation and above,Parent-generation farms,Commercial-generation farms and Mixed-generation farms),regions( North China,East China,Central China,South China,Southwest,Northwest and Northeast) and years( 2011—2015),in order to provide the chicken farm with the basis for the changes in costs,benefits and profits after the disease eradication. This paper used the survey data of 297 chicken farms in China from 2011 to 2015,and used the cost-benefit method and the sample mean T-test to discuss the impact of the disease eradication on the costs,incomes and profits. The results showed that( 1) From the perspective of the overall revenue,the eradication effect of the laying hen farms were better than that of the broiler farms,the farms of grandparent generation and above were better than that of other generations,the farms in eastern region were better than that of mid-west region.( 2) From the perspective of the net profit of a single chicken,the impact of disease eradication on the profit of single broiler were greater than that of laying hen,and the impact on the returns of single chicken in mixed breeding farms were greater than that of other chick. At present,only the net profit of single chicken in purified chicken farms in East China,South China and Northwest China were larger than that of unpurified farms,and the rest were lower than that of unpurified farms.( 3) Except for 2011,the total profit and net revenue of single chicken in purified farms from 2012 to 2015 were higher than those of unpurified farms. And the gap between net profit of chicken farms and unpurified chicken farms had been widened. It could clearly be seen that the eradication of the disease could improve the economic benefits of the chicken farms.
By comparing the costs,benefits and profits of two types of( purified and unpurified) large-scale chicken farms in China,and identifying the effect of disease eradication of chicken farms in different types( Laying hen farms,Broiler farms),generations( Farms of grandparent generation and above,Parent-generation farms,Commercial-generation farms and Mixed-generation farms),regions( North China,East China,Central China,South China,Southwest,Northwest and Northeast) and years( 2011—2015),in order to provide the chicken farm with the basis for the changes in costs,benefits and profits after the disease eradication. This paper used the survey data of 297 chicken farms in China from 2011 to 2015,and used the cost-benefit method and the sample mean T-test to discuss the impact of the disease eradication on the costs,incomes and profits. The results showed that( 1) From the perspective of the overall revenue,the eradication effect of the laying hen farms were better than that of the broiler farms,the farms of grandparent generation and above were better than that of other generations,the farms in eastern region were better than that of mid-west region.( 2) From the perspective of the net profit of a single chicken,the impact of disease eradication on the profit of single broiler were greater than that of laying hen,and the impact on the returns of single chicken in mixed breeding farms were greater than that of other chick. At present,only the net profit of single chicken in purified chicken farms in East China,South China and Northwest China were larger than that of unpurified farms,and the rest were lower than that of unpurified farms.( 3) Except for 2011,the total profit and net revenue of single chicken in purified farms from 2012 to 2015 were higher than those of unpurified farms. And the gap between net profit of chicken farms and unpurified chicken farms had been widened. It could clearly be seen that the eradication of the disease could improve the economic benefits of the chicken farms.
引文
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[6]陈娅.低碳经济下畜牧业发展问题与对策研究.中国农业资源与区划. 2016,37(10):157-160.
[7]安玉莲,孙世民,夏兆敏.国外畜产品质量控制的措施与启示.中国农业资源与区划. 2017,38(3):231-236.
[8] Berentsen P,Dijkhuizen A A,Oskam A J. A dynamic model for cost-benefit analyses of foot-and-mouth disease control strategies. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 1992,12(3-4):229-243.
[9] Dijkhuizen A A,Huirne R,Jalvingh A W. Economic analysis of animal diseases and their control. Preventive Veterinary Medicine,1995,25(2):135-149.
[10]李钢.规模化种猪场猪伪狂犬病的净化方案的研究.湖南农业大学. 2010.
[11]杜根成,胡群山.规模化猪场伪狂犬病的防制与净化.北方牧业. 2012(13):18.
[12]孙广力,杨本,魏萍,等.猪伪狂犬病防治技术措施的经济评价分析.黑龙江畜牧兽医.,2003(8):39-40.
[13]韦平,崔治中.地方品种鸡禽白血病和鸡白痢的危害及净化防控的实践.中国家禽. 2015,37(09):1-4.
[2] Power A P,Harris S A. A cost-benefit evaluation of alternative control policies for foot-and-mouth disease in Great Britain. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2010,24(3):573-600.
[3]浦华.动物疫病防控的经济学分析.中国农业科学院. 2007.
[4] Rich K M,Winter-Nelson A. An Integrated Epidemiological-Economic Analysis of Foot and Mouth Disease:Applications to the Southern Cone of South America. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2007,89(3):682-697.
[5] Wilkinson K. Organised Chaos:An Interpretive Approach to Evidence-Based Policy Making in Defra. Political Studies. 2011,59(4):959-977.
[6]陈娅.低碳经济下畜牧业发展问题与对策研究.中国农业资源与区划. 2016,37(10):157-160.
[7]安玉莲,孙世民,夏兆敏.国外畜产品质量控制的措施与启示.中国农业资源与区划. 2017,38(3):231-236.
[8] Berentsen P,Dijkhuizen A A,Oskam A J. A dynamic model for cost-benefit analyses of foot-and-mouth disease control strategies. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 1992,12(3-4):229-243.
[9] Dijkhuizen A A,Huirne R,Jalvingh A W. Economic analysis of animal diseases and their control. Preventive Veterinary Medicine,1995,25(2):135-149.
[10]李钢.规模化种猪场猪伪狂犬病的净化方案的研究.湖南农业大学. 2010.
[11]杜根成,胡群山.规模化猪场伪狂犬病的防制与净化.北方牧业. 2012(13):18.
[12]孙广力,杨本,魏萍,等.猪伪狂犬病防治技术措施的经济评价分析.黑龙江畜牧兽医.,2003(8):39-40.
[13]韦平,崔治中.地方品种鸡禽白血病和鸡白痢的危害及净化防控的实践.中国家禽. 2015,37(09):1-4.