实时控制序批式膜生物反应器处理养猪废水的短程硝化
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摘要
采用实时控制序批式膜生物反应器(sequencing batch membrane bioreactor,SMBR)工艺处理某种猪场的养殖粪尿污水,通过pH实时曲线上的"氨谷点"对曝气时间进行实时控制实现短程硝化。小试反应器10个月的连续运行结果表明,利用曝气时间实时控制实现了稳定的亚硝态氮累积。短程硝化启动后,SMBR对COD和TN的平均去除率分别达到95.5%和92.4%,亚硝态氮积累率可维持在85%以上。高通量测序与OTU分类的结果表明,实时控制下SMBR内NOB逐渐被淘洗,而AOB得到了富集。从反应器启动初期到获得稳定短程硝化(反应器运行200 d),AOB丰度提高了55倍,而对应的NOB丰度降低了2倍。此外,AOB的绝对数量与DO呈显著负相关(r=-0.846,0.01 A pilot-scale,real-time control,sequencing batch membrane bioreactor( SMBR) was developed to study the treatment of swine wastewater. Shortcut nitrification was achieved according to the "ammonia valley"on a pH real-time curve. The result of ten months of operation showed that more nitrogen is oxidized by ammonia oxidizing bacteria( AOB) than by nitrite oxidizing bacteria( NOB) in each cycle when using real-time aeration duration control. The nitrite accumulation rate increased after long-term application of this method. The mean removal rates of COD and TN were 95. 5% and 92. 4%,and the nitrite accumulation rate was more than 85% after shortcut nitrification was achieved. High-throughput sequencing and OTU classification showed that AOB outcompeted NOB gradually after the process started,due to the real-time aeration duration control. The AOB population was enriched 52 fold( after achieving nitritation for 200 days),while the NOB population decreased 2 fold. In addition,the absolute number of AOB showed a significant negative correlation with DO( r =-0. 846,p < 0. 05),and a significant positive correlation with the effluent NH+4-N( r = 0. 45,p < 0. 05),indicating that low DO and ammonia accumulation favor AOB enrichment. Therefore,long-term operation with the use of realtime aeration duration control was not only favorable for AOB community optimization,but also for the achieve-ment of shortcut nitrification in practice.
引文
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[2]OBAJA D,MACE S,MATA-ALVAREZ J.Biological nutrient removal by a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)using an internal organic carbon source in digested piggery wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(1):7-14
[3]秦德韬,徐勐,潘寻,等.优化控制SBR工艺处理养猪废水中试研究[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(2):361-365
[4]PRADO N,OCHOA J,AMRANE A.Zero nuisance piggeries:Long-term performance of MBR(membrane bioreactor)for dilute swine wastewater treatment using submerged membrane bioreactor in semi-industrial scale[J].Water Research,2009,43(6):1549-1558
[5]PRADO N,OCHOA J,AUDIC J L,et al.Semi-industrial-scale process for dilute swine wastewater treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor(MBR)with direct reuse of treated water[J].International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering,2007,5(1):301-312
[6]隋倩雯.氨吹脱与膜生物反应器组合工艺处理猪场厌氧消化液研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014
[7]SUI Qianwen,LIU Chong,ZHANG Junya,et al.Response of nitrite accumulation and microbial community to free ammonia and dissolved oxygen treatment of high ammonium wastewater[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(9):4177-4187
[8]秦德韬,陈梅雪,丁然,等.养殖废水SBR碳源投加实时控制研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(9):1932-1936
[9]郭建华,王淑莹,郑雅楠,等.实时控制实现短程硝化过程中种群结构的演变[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(8):1259-1263
[10]ZANETTI L,FRISON N,NOTA E,et al.Progress in real-time control applied to biological nitrogen removal from wastewater.A short-review[J].Desalination,2012,286:1-7
[11]BLACKBURNE R,VADIVELU V M,YUAN Z,et al.Determination of growth rate and yield of nitrifying bacteria by measuring carbon dioxide uptake rate[J].Water Environment Research,2007,79(12):2437-2445
[12]任宏洋,张代钧,丛丽影,等.呼吸法测定硝化菌产率系数实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,5(8):1726-1728
[13]SUI Qianwen,LIU Chong,DONG Hongmin,et al.Effect of ammonium nitrogen concentration on the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community in a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2014,118(3):277-283
[14]KORNBOONRAKSA T,LEE H S,LEE S H,et al.Application of chemical precipitation and membrane bioreactor hybrid process for piggery wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(6):1963-1968
[15]胡姣姣.兼氧mbr处理养殖废水工艺研究[D].江西理工大学,2013
[16]HOLT J G,KRIEG N R,SNEATH P H A.Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology[C].9th Ed.Baltimore:The Williams and Wilkins Company,1994:447-450
[17]秦德韬.短程硝化反硝化工艺处理畜禽养殖废水的研究[D].北京:中国科学院生态环境研究中心,2011
[18]王海东,王淑莹,彭永臻.进水负荷对硝化菌与异养菌竞争关系的影响[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(23):26-29
[19]郭秀兰.猪肠道硬壁菌门和拟杆菌门数量的检测及其相对丰度与脂肪沉积的相关性研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2009
[20]王萍,余志晟,齐嵘,等.丝状细菌污泥膨胀的fish探针研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,1(4):705-712
[21]赵志瑞,马斌,张树军,等.高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1448-1456.
[22]PENG Yongzhen,ZHU Guibing.Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2006,73(1):15-26
[23]ZHU Guibing,PENG Yongzhen,GUO Jianhua.Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2008,40(10):1552-1557