源外斜坡区顺向和反向断裂控藏差异性——以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷文安斜坡中南部为例
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摘要
以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷文安斜坡中南部为例,研究含油气盆地源外斜坡区不同产状断裂对油气成藏与分布的控制作用。以三维地震资料为基础,结合油水分布规律,从断裂形成演化规律和断层圈闭形成机理入手,对比分析顺反向断裂的断层圈闭发育部位、垂向调整油气分布层位和断层圈闭形成时期的差异。研究表明,源外斜坡区顺向和反向断裂控藏差异性主要表现为3个方面:(1)顺向和反向断层圈闭发育部位不同,顺向断层圈闭发育在处于"硬连接"阶段的断裂上盘,其分段生长点处为断层圈闭发育部位,而反向断层圈闭受地层掀斜作用发育在断裂下盘断距最大部位;(2)顺向和反向断层圈闭形成时期不同,顺向断层圈闭形成时期为断裂开始进入"硬连接"阶段时期,而反向断层圈闭形成时期即为断裂开始活动时期;(3)顺向和反向断裂垂向调整油气分布层位不同,顺向断裂垂向调整油气后,油气分布具有单层和多层分布的特征,而反向断裂垂向调整油气通常表现为单层分布特征。
The control effects of different occurrence faults on oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the outer slope area of oil and gas reservoirs were studied taking the south-central Wen'an slope of the Jizhong depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example. Based on 3D seismic data and the distribution of oil and water, the controlling differences between consequent fault and antithetic fault were analyzed and compared from the formation and evolution rule of faults and the formation mechanism of fault traps, including development positions of the consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps, oil and gas distribution horizon adjusted by fault and formation period of fault traps. The differences between consequent faults and antithetic faults in controlling reservoirs have three main aspects:(1) Consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps are in different positions, the consequent fault traps are at the segmented growing point in the hanging wall of "hard-linkage" faults, while the antithetic fault traps are developed in the position with the largest throw in the footwall because of tilting action;(2) The two kinds of faults result in different oil and gas distribution vertically, oil and gas adjusted by consequent faults is distributed in a single layer or multi-layers, while oil and gas adjusted by antithetic faults occur in single layers;(3) The two kinds of fault traps are formed in different periods, the consequent fault traps are formed at the time when the related faults enter the stage of "hard-linkage", while the antithetic fault traps are formed at the beginning of the fault active period.
The control effects of different occurrence faults on oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the outer slope area of oil and gas reservoirs were studied taking the south-central Wen'an slope of the Jizhong depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example. Based on 3D seismic data and the distribution of oil and water, the controlling differences between consequent fault and antithetic fault were analyzed and compared from the formation and evolution rule of faults and the formation mechanism of fault traps, including development positions of the consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps, oil and gas distribution horizon adjusted by fault and formation period of fault traps. The differences between consequent faults and antithetic faults in controlling reservoirs have three main aspects:(1) Consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps are in different positions, the consequent fault traps are at the segmented growing point in the hanging wall of "hard-linkage" faults, while the antithetic fault traps are developed in the position with the largest throw in the footwall because of tilting action;(2) The two kinds of faults result in different oil and gas distribution vertically, oil and gas adjusted by consequent faults is distributed in a single layer or multi-layers, while oil and gas adjusted by antithetic faults occur in single layers;(3) The two kinds of fault traps are formed in different periods, the consequent fault traps are formed at the time when the related faults enter the stage of "hard-linkage", while the antithetic fault traps are formed at the beginning of the fault active period.
引文
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[3]赵贤正,金凤鸣,李玉帮,等.断陷盆地斜坡带类型与油气运聚成藏机制[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):841-849.ZHAO Xianzheng,JIN Fengming,LI Yubang,et al.Slope belt types and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms in rift basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):841-849.
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[7]罗群,庞雄奇.海南福山凹陷顺向和反向断裂控藏机理及油气聚集模式[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):363-367.LUO Qun,PANG Xiongqi.Reservoir controlling mechanism and petroleum accumulation model for consequent fault and antithetic fault in Fushan depression of Hainan area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):363-367.
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[12]贾茹,付晓飞,孟令东,等.断裂及其伴生微构造对不同类型储层的改造机理[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):286-296.JIA Ru,FU Xiaofei,MENG Lingdong,et al.Transformation mechanism of fault and its associated microstructures for different kinds of reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):286-296.
[13]YIELDING G,FREEMAN B,NEEDHAM D T.Quantitative fault seal prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(6):897-917.
[14]吕延防,王伟,胡欣蕾,等.断层侧向封闭性定量评价方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):310-316.LYU Yanfang,WANG Wei,HU Xinlei,et al.Quantitative evaluation method of fault lateral sealing[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):310-316.
[15]付广,郎岳,胡欣蕾.反向和顺向断裂侧向封闭油气的差异性研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(6):28-33.FU Guang,LANG Yue,HU Xinlei.Research on differences of lateral sealing between transoid fault and cisoid fault[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(6):28-33.
[16]韦丹宁,付广.反向断裂下盘较顺向断裂上盘更易富集油气机理的定量解释[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(3):702-710.WEI Danning,FU Guang.Quantitative explanation of mechanism about lower wall of antithetic faults accumulating more oil-gas than upper wall of consequent faults[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(3):702-710.
[17]李火车,刘秋生,王亚红,等.斜坡油气勘探[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):602-610.LI Huoche,LIU Qiusheng,WANG Yahong,et al.Oil and gas exploration in slope[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(5):602-610.
[18]付晓飞,王朋岩,申家年,等.简单斜坡油气富集规律:以松辽盆地西部斜坡北段为例[J].地质论评,2006,52(4):522-531.FU Xiaofei,WANG Pengyan,SHEN Jianian,et al.Migration and accumulation of oil and gas in a simple slope area:A case study on the western slope of the northern Songliao basin[J].Geological Review,2006,52(4):522-531.
[19]滕长宇,邹华耀,郝芳.渤海湾盆地构造差异演化与油气差异富集[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(4):579-590.TENG Changyu,ZOU Huayao,HAO Fang.Control of differential tectonic evolution on petroleum occurrence in Bohai Bay Basin[J].SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,2014,57(5):1117-1128.
[20]高长海,查明,葛盛权,等.冀中富油凹陷弱构造带油气成藏主控因素及模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(5):595-608.GAO Changhai,ZHA Ming,GE Shengquan,et al.Main controlling factors and models of hydrocarbon accumulation in weak structural belts of oil-rich sags,the Jizhong Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(5):595-608.
[21]郭凯,曾溅辉,金凤鸣,等.冀中坳陷文安斜坡第三系油气有效输导体系研究[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(2):179-186.GUO Kai,ZENG Jianhui,JIN Fengming,et al.Effective petroleum migration system in the Tertiary of Wen’an Slope,Jizhong Depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(2):179-186.
[22]PEACOCK D C P.Displacements and segment linkage in strikeslip fault zones[J].Journal of Structure Geology,1991,13(9):1025-1035.
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