不同的视域,共同的声音——里斯与金凯德共通的加勒比女性书写
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摘要
共同的殖民历史、流散心理以及加勒比女性话语诉求,使得具有民族、种族差异的加勒比女性书写呈现出虚构自我叙述、文化身份困惑与女性身份探寻等共通性。本文以加勒比女性文学的历史发展脉络为参照背景,通过追溯两位具有民族、种族差异的加勒比女性作家里斯与金凯德的文学书写,借助其跨越时空且交叉化的民族与种族视角,管窥加勒比女性文学在不同历史时期的发展变迁,揭示不同民族、种族的加勒比女性共同的话语书写特征。
Common colonial history,diasporic psychology and Caribbean female identity discourse,lead to certain convergences in the writings of Anglophone-Caribbean women in spite of their racial differences.In reference to the history of Anglophone-Caribbean women's writings,this article probes into the writings of two representatives,Jean Rhys and Jamaica Kincaid,and explores these hidden convergences in Anglophone-Caribbean women's writings by their cross racial perspectives.
Common colonial history,diasporic psychology and Caribbean female identity discourse,lead to certain convergences in the writings of Anglophone-Caribbean women in spite of their racial differences.In reference to the history of Anglophone-Caribbean women's writings,this article probes into the writings of two representatives,Jean Rhys and Jamaica Kincaid,and explores these hidden convergences in Anglophone-Caribbean women's writings by their cross racial perspectives.
引文
Angier,Carole.1985.Jean Rhys.Harmondworth:Penguin Books.
Bloom,Harold.1998.Jamaica Kincaid.Philadelphia:Chelsea House Publishers.
Brathwaite,Edward Kamau.1984.History of the Voice:The Development of Nation Language in Anglophone Caribbean Poetry.London:New Beacon.
Bouson,Brooks.2005.Jamaica Kincaid:Writing Memory,Writing back to the Mother.Albany:State University of New York Press.
Buckner,Brittnay.2008.Singular beast:A conversation with Jamaica Kincaid.Callaloo 31(2):461-469.
Caruth,Cathy.1996.Unclaimed Experience:Trauma,Narrative and History.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press.
Davies,Carole Boyce&Fido,Elaine Savor.1990.Introduction:Women and literature in the Caribbean:An overview.In:Davies,Carole Boyce&Fido,Elaine Savor(eds.),Out of the Kumbla:Caribbean Women and Literature.Trenton:Africa World Press,1-24.
Davies,Carole Boyce.1994.Black Women,Writing and Identity:Migrations of the Subject.London and New York:Routledge.
Donnell,Alison.2006.Twentieth-Century Caribbean Literature.London and New York:Routledge.
Edwards,Justin.2007.Understanding Jamaica Kincaid.Columbia:University of South Carolina Press.
Ferguson,Moira.1994.A lot of memory:An interview with Jamaica Kincaid.Kenyon Review 16(1):163-188.
Garis,Leslie.1990.Through West Indian eyes.New York Times Magazine 7 Oct.
Gregg,Veronica Marie.1995.Jean Rhys s Historical Imagination:Reading and Writing the Creole.Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press.
Harte,Joyce.2007.Come Weep with Me:Loss and Mourning in the Writings of Caribbean Women Writers.Cambridge:Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
James,Louis.1978.Jean Rhys.London:Longman.
Kincaid,Jamaica.1988.A Small Place.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
Kincaid,Jamaica.1990.Lucy.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
Kincaid,Jamaica.1996.The Autobiography of My Mother.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
O'Callaghan,Evelyn.2004.Women Writing the West Indies,1804-1939.London and New York:Routledge.
O'Connor,Teresa.1986.Jean Rhys:The West Indian Novels.New York and London:New York University Press.
Rhys,Jean.1968.Wide Sargasso Sea.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.
Rhys,Jean.1969.Voyage in the Dark.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.
Rhys,Jean.1979.Smile Please:An Un.finished Autobiography.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.
Scott,Helen.2006.Caribbean Women Writers and Globalization:Fictions of Independence.Burlington:Ashgate Publishing Company.
Simmons,Diane.1994.Jamaica Kincaid.New York:Twayne Publishers.
Simmons,Diane.1998.Jamaica Kincaid and the canon:In dialogue with Paradise Lost and Jane Eyre.MELDS 23(2):65-85.
Staley,Thomas.1979.Jean Rhys:A Critical Study.London and Basingstoke:The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Vorda,Allan.1991.An interview with Jamaica Kincaid.Mississippi Review 20(1/2):7-26.
Vreeland,Elizabeth.1979.Jean Rhy s:The art of fiction LXIV.Paris Review 21(76):218-237.
Walcott,Derek.1986.A far cry from Africa.In:Burnett,Paula(ed.),The Penguin Book of Caribbean Verse in English.Middlesex:Penguin Books,243-244.
Wyndham,Francis&Melly,Diana.1984.The Letters of Jean Rhys.New York:Viking Penguin Inc.
(1)20世纪50-60年代兰明(George Lamming)、塞尔文(Samuel Selvon)与奈保尔(V.S.Naipaul)等移民或流亡于英国的男性作家的写作被视为加勒比文学的第一次“爆发期”。
(2)在《女性书写西印度:1804-1939》(Women Writing the West Indies,1804-1939)一书中,奥克拉汉将早期加勒比女性文学的源头追溯至1804年,将出生或定居在加勒比的精英或白人中产阶级女性的作品一并容纳,指出早期移居加勒比地区的白人女性对于加勒比女性文学的贡献。
(3)西印度(West Indie s/West Indian)群岛通常指加勒比地区前英属殖民地,如牙买加、特立尼达、巴巴多斯以及安提瓜、圭亚那等。而“加勒比”(Caribbean)—词则指该地区所有的岛国。为便于论述,本文文内所提及的加勒比(女性)文学或西印度文学均指涉以英语书写的加勒比(女性)文学。
Bloom,Harold.1998.Jamaica Kincaid.Philadelphia:Chelsea House Publishers.
Brathwaite,Edward Kamau.1984.History of the Voice:The Development of Nation Language in Anglophone Caribbean Poetry.London:New Beacon.
Bouson,Brooks.2005.Jamaica Kincaid:Writing Memory,Writing back to the Mother.Albany:State University of New York Press.
Buckner,Brittnay.2008.Singular beast:A conversation with Jamaica Kincaid.Callaloo 31(2):461-469.
Caruth,Cathy.1996.Unclaimed Experience:Trauma,Narrative and History.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press.
Davies,Carole Boyce&Fido,Elaine Savor.1990.Introduction:Women and literature in the Caribbean:An overview.In:Davies,Carole Boyce&Fido,Elaine Savor(eds.),Out of the Kumbla:Caribbean Women and Literature.Trenton:Africa World Press,1-24.
Davies,Carole Boyce.1994.Black Women,Writing and Identity:Migrations of the Subject.London and New York:Routledge.
Donnell,Alison.2006.Twentieth-Century Caribbean Literature.London and New York:Routledge.
Edwards,Justin.2007.Understanding Jamaica Kincaid.Columbia:University of South Carolina Press.
Ferguson,Moira.1994.A lot of memory:An interview with Jamaica Kincaid.Kenyon Review 16(1):163-188.
Garis,Leslie.1990.Through West Indian eyes.New York Times Magazine 7 Oct.
Gregg,Veronica Marie.1995.Jean Rhys s Historical Imagination:Reading and Writing the Creole.Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press.
Harte,Joyce.2007.Come Weep with Me:Loss and Mourning in the Writings of Caribbean Women Writers.Cambridge:Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
James,Louis.1978.Jean Rhys.London:Longman.
Kincaid,Jamaica.1988.A Small Place.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
Kincaid,Jamaica.1990.Lucy.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
Kincaid,Jamaica.1996.The Autobiography of My Mother.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
O'Callaghan,Evelyn.2004.Women Writing the West Indies,1804-1939.London and New York:Routledge.
O'Connor,Teresa.1986.Jean Rhys:The West Indian Novels.New York and London:New York University Press.
Rhys,Jean.1968.Wide Sargasso Sea.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.
Rhys,Jean.1969.Voyage in the Dark.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.
Rhys,Jean.1979.Smile Please:An Un.finished Autobiography.Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.
Scott,Helen.2006.Caribbean Women Writers and Globalization:Fictions of Independence.Burlington:Ashgate Publishing Company.
Simmons,Diane.1994.Jamaica Kincaid.New York:Twayne Publishers.
Simmons,Diane.1998.Jamaica Kincaid and the canon:In dialogue with Paradise Lost and Jane Eyre.MELDS 23(2):65-85.
Staley,Thomas.1979.Jean Rhys:A Critical Study.London and Basingstoke:The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Vorda,Allan.1991.An interview with Jamaica Kincaid.Mississippi Review 20(1/2):7-26.
Vreeland,Elizabeth.1979.Jean Rhy s:The art of fiction LXIV.Paris Review 21(76):218-237.
Walcott,Derek.1986.A far cry from Africa.In:Burnett,Paula(ed.),The Penguin Book of Caribbean Verse in English.Middlesex:Penguin Books,243-244.
Wyndham,Francis&Melly,Diana.1984.The Letters of Jean Rhys.New York:Viking Penguin Inc.
(1)20世纪50-60年代兰明(George Lamming)、塞尔文(Samuel Selvon)与奈保尔(V.S.Naipaul)等移民或流亡于英国的男性作家的写作被视为加勒比文学的第一次“爆发期”。
(2)在《女性书写西印度:1804-1939》(Women Writing the West Indies,1804-1939)一书中,奥克拉汉将早期加勒比女性文学的源头追溯至1804年,将出生或定居在加勒比的精英或白人中产阶级女性的作品一并容纳,指出早期移居加勒比地区的白人女性对于加勒比女性文学的贡献。
(3)西印度(West Indie s/West Indian)群岛通常指加勒比地区前英属殖民地,如牙买加、特立尼达、巴巴多斯以及安提瓜、圭亚那等。而“加勒比”(Caribbean)—词则指该地区所有的岛国。为便于论述,本文文内所提及的加勒比(女性)文学或西印度文学均指涉以英语书写的加勒比(女性)文学。