南京城郊麻栎林林内外温湿度变化特征
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摘要
2012年1-12月,通过定位监测麻栎Quercus acutissima林林内外温湿度,探究林分对空气温湿度的调节作用。选取45 a树龄的麻栎林为研究对象,以裸地作为对照组,在麻栎林、裸地样地中选择光照条件、土壤状况一致的试验点,使用Decagon自动气象站收集温湿度数据,分析并建立回归方程,并分季节、时间段进行均值检验。研究表明:(1)林内外温度日变化曲线为抛物线型,相对湿度日变化曲线为U型,林内外温湿度日变化呈对称关系。(2)麻栎林处在生长旺季时,林内温湿度变化幅度小于林外, 5-8月麻栎林降温作用最显著, 8月麻栎林增湿作用最显著。(3)从全年来看,麻栎林全年降温13 661.4℃,季节温度林内外差值夏季>春季>冬季>秋季。较裸地全年相对湿度增加41 769.69%,季节相对湿度林内外差值夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。对比夏季不同时段温湿度相关性,14:00温湿度变化相关性显著,全年气温林内(y)和林外(x)的线性回归方程为y=0.886 6x+1.207 6, R~2=0.972 3。全年相对湿度林内(y)和林外(x)的线性回归方程为y=0.961 8x+0.042 3, R~2=0.978 0。结合全年观测数据进行均值检验,全年林内外温湿度变化不显著,夏季林内外相对湿度变化显著,对比夏季不同时段温湿度相关性,在中午时分麻栎林降温增湿作用较显著。
From January 2012 to December 2012, we monitored the temperature and humidity of Quercus acutissima forest in Nanjing Tongshan Forest Farm. The nudation was used as the control group to study the changes of temperature and humidity inside and outside the Q. acutissima forest, for analyzing its cooling and humidification effect. Results show that: The diurnal variation curve of temperature inside and outside the forest showed changes of a "parabolic curve" while the diurnal variation curve of humidity showed a U-shape.During the growing season of Q. acutissima forest, the monthly variation range of temperature and humidity inside the forest was less than that outside the forest. The cooling effect of the Q. acutissima forest from May-August is the most significant. In a year, the cumulative temperature inside the Q. acutissima forest had a drop of13 661.4 ℃ than that outside the forest. The temperature difference between that inside and outside the forest in four season is as follows: summer>spring>winter>autumn. The annual RH inside the forest increased by417.7% compared with that outside the forest. The RH difference between that inside and outside the forest in four seasons is as follows: summer>spring>autumn>winter. The internal(y) and external(x) temperature showed outstanding linear regression equation: y = 0.886 6x + 1.207 6, R~2= 0.972 3, as well as the humidity inside(y) and outside(x) the forest. That is: y = 0.961 8x + 0.042 3, R~2= 0.978 0. The annual average temperature and humidity inside the forest were not significantly changed compared with that outside the forest.The humidity inside the forest changed significantly during the summer compared with that outside the forest.Exceptionally, for different periods in a day, the temperature and humidity inside the forest changed the most significantly and also showed the most significant colling effect, at 12:00-14:00 periods compared with that outside the forest.
From January 2012 to December 2012, we monitored the temperature and humidity of Quercus acutissima forest in Nanjing Tongshan Forest Farm. The nudation was used as the control group to study the changes of temperature and humidity inside and outside the Q. acutissima forest, for analyzing its cooling and humidification effect. Results show that: The diurnal variation curve of temperature inside and outside the forest showed changes of a "parabolic curve" while the diurnal variation curve of humidity showed a U-shape.During the growing season of Q. acutissima forest, the monthly variation range of temperature and humidity inside the forest was less than that outside the forest. The cooling effect of the Q. acutissima forest from May-August is the most significant. In a year, the cumulative temperature inside the Q. acutissima forest had a drop of13 661.4 ℃ than that outside the forest. The temperature difference between that inside and outside the forest in four season is as follows: summer>spring>winter>autumn. The annual RH inside the forest increased by417.7% compared with that outside the forest. The RH difference between that inside and outside the forest in four seasons is as follows: summer>spring>autumn>winter. The internal(y) and external(x) temperature showed outstanding linear regression equation: y = 0.886 6x + 1.207 6, R~2= 0.972 3, as well as the humidity inside(y) and outside(x) the forest. That is: y = 0.961 8x + 0.042 3, R~2= 0.978 0. The annual average temperature and humidity inside the forest were not significantly changed compared with that outside the forest.The humidity inside the forest changed significantly during the summer compared with that outside the forest.Exceptionally, for different periods in a day, the temperature and humidity inside the forest changed the most significantly and also showed the most significant colling effect, at 12:00-14:00 periods compared with that outside the forest.
引文
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[13]张昌顺,谢高地,鲁春霞,等.北京城市绿地对热岛效应的缓解作用[J].资源科学, 2015, 37(6):1156-1165.ZHANG Changshun, XIE Gaodi, LU Chunxia, et al. Beijing urban green space relieves heat island effect[J]. Resour Sci, 2015, 37(6):1156-1165.
[14]陈丽文,尹娟. 11种园林植物增湿降温效应研究[J].北方园艺, 2016(20):67-70.CHEN Liwen, YIN Juan. Effect research of eleven kinds of landscape plants of hurnidification and cooling[J].Northern Gardening, 2016(20):67-70.
[2]吴力立.南京城市森林的空气湿度特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 32(4):51-54.WU Lili. Characteristics of air humidity in urban forest in Nanjing[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2008, 32(4):51-54.
[3] THANI S K S O, MOHAMAD N H N, ABDULLAH S M S. The influence of urban landscape morphology on the temperature distribution of hot-humid urban centre[J]. Proced Soc Behav Sci, 2013, 85:356-367.
[4]欧阳学军,黄忠良,周国逸,等.鼎湖山4种主要森林的温度和湿度差异[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2003, 11(1):53-58.OUYANG Xuejun, HUANG Zongliang, ZHOU Guoyi, et al. Difference air temperature and moisture in forests in Dinghushan[J]. J Trop Subtrop Bot, 2003, 11(1):53-58.
[5]邵永昌,庄家尧,王柏昌,等.上海地区主要绿化树种夏季光合特性和固碳释氧能力研究[J].安徽农业大学学报, 2016, 43(1):94-101.SHAO Yongchang, ZHUANG Jiayao, WANG Baichang, et al. Photosynthetic characteristics and carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity of the main urban landscape tree species during summer in Shanghai[J]. J Anhui Agric Univ, 2016, 43(1):94-101.
[6]李春梅,高素华.我国北方半干旱区草地水分供需状况研究[J].干旱区研究, 2004, 21(4):338-342.LI Chunmei, GAO Suhua. Study on the moisture budge to the grasslands in the semiarid regions in North China[J].Arid Zone Res, 2004, 21(4):338-342.
[7]杨文睿.北亚热带次生栎林森林小气候特征研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2009.YANG Wenrui. Study on Micro-climate Characteristics of North Subtropical Secondary Oak Forests[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2009.
[8] SHIMIZU Y. Vegetation of Mukojima Island Group in the Bonin(Ogasawara)Islands with reference to the ecology of ardisia dominant forest and the influence of feral goats[J]. Komazawa Geogr, 1993, 29:54-58.
[9] MURAKAMI T, FUJII H, IMADA M. Comparison of correction methods for topographic effects on Landsat TM Data:for sugi-stands in the Kyushu University forest in Miyazaki[J]. Bull Kyushu Univ For, 1998, 78:13-28.
[10]陈国瑞,李天佑,俞益武,等.杭州常绿阔叶林对林内近地层温度和湿度的调节效应[J].浙江林学院学报,1994, 11(2):151-158.CHEN Guorui, LI Tianyou, YU Yiwu, et al. Regulating effect of evergreen broadleaved forest on temperature and humidity in near forest layer in Hangzhou[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 1994, 11(2):151-158.
[11]刘玉杰.天然落叶松林冠截留及林内雨延滞效应研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2016.LIU Yujie. Canopy Interception and Lag Effect of Rain Forest in Natural Larch Forest[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University, 2016.
[12]陈亚锋.几种常见森林类型小气候特征研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学, 2011.CHEN Yafeng. The Microclimate Charaeteristics of Several Types of Fores[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang A&F University,2011.
[13]张昌顺,谢高地,鲁春霞,等.北京城市绿地对热岛效应的缓解作用[J].资源科学, 2015, 37(6):1156-1165.ZHANG Changshun, XIE Gaodi, LU Chunxia, et al. Beijing urban green space relieves heat island effect[J]. Resour Sci, 2015, 37(6):1156-1165.
[14]陈丽文,尹娟. 11种园林植物增湿降温效应研究[J].北方园艺, 2016(20):67-70.CHEN Liwen, YIN Juan. Effect research of eleven kinds of landscape plants of hurnidification and cooling[J].Northern Gardening, 2016(20):67-70.