扁桃内果皮发育的组织解剖学观察
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摘要
为研究扁桃内果皮发育过程的组织形态结构及其差异,从而为扁桃选育优良品种提供理论依据。以极薄壳品种‘纸皮’扁桃和极厚壳品种‘长石头’扁桃为试材,采用石蜡切片法和间苯三酚浸染法进行解剖。结果表明:‘长石头’扁桃内果皮快速发育期开始于花后10 d,中内果皮界限明显,‘纸皮’扁桃内果皮快速发育期开始于花后25 d。‘纸皮’扁桃内果皮细胞直径与其内维管束周边细胞直径大小有明显差异,而‘长石头’扁桃无此特征;‘纸皮’扁桃内果皮从内至外进行木质化,‘长石头’扁桃内果皮从两侧向中间进行木质化。‘纸皮’扁桃的整个内果皮发育的过程约为75 d,‘长石头’扁桃的整个内果皮发育的过程约为90 d,‘长石头’扁桃开始发育比‘纸皮’扁桃早,‘长石头’扁桃内果皮基本形成比‘纸皮’扁桃晚15 d。扁桃内果皮细胞的发育分为内果皮发育前期、内果皮快速发育期、内果皮基本形成期,但薄、厚壳扁桃间内果皮发育的时间、细胞的结构、内果皮木质化的方式均存在差异。
In order to provide some theoretical basises for selection of good cultivars of almond in the future, using a very thin-shell cultivar of ‘Zhipi' and very thick-shell cultivar of ‘Changshitou' as tested materials, morphological structure and differences of development process of almond endocarp were researched by using the method of paraffin section and phloroglucin staining for anatomy. The results showed that endocarp rapid development in ‘Changshitou' began at the 10 th day after flowering, border of mesocarp and endocarp was distinct, and endocarp rapid development in ‘Zhipi' began at the 25 th day after flowering. Diameter of endocarp cell in ‘Zhipi' had obvious difference with that of cells around vascular bundle in it, and ‘Changshitou' had not the feature. Endocarp lignification in ‘Zhipi' was from inside to outside,and that in ‘Changshitou' was from both sides to middle. Whole endocarp development process in ‘Zhipi' lasted about 75 days, and that in ‘Changshitou' was about 90 days. Time of ‘Changshitou' began develop was earlier than that of ‘Zhipi',and endocarp formation in ‘Changshitou' was later 15 days than that in ‘Zhipi'. Endocarp development in almond was divided into early development period, rapid development period and basic formation period, But development time, cell structure and lignification way of endocarp were different between thin-shell and thick-shell almond.
In order to provide some theoretical basises for selection of good cultivars of almond in the future, using a very thin-shell cultivar of ‘Zhipi' and very thick-shell cultivar of ‘Changshitou' as tested materials, morphological structure and differences of development process of almond endocarp were researched by using the method of paraffin section and phloroglucin staining for anatomy. The results showed that endocarp rapid development in ‘Changshitou' began at the 10 th day after flowering, border of mesocarp and endocarp was distinct, and endocarp rapid development in ‘Zhipi' began at the 25 th day after flowering. Diameter of endocarp cell in ‘Zhipi' had obvious difference with that of cells around vascular bundle in it, and ‘Changshitou' had not the feature. Endocarp lignification in ‘Zhipi' was from inside to outside,and that in ‘Changshitou' was from both sides to middle. Whole endocarp development process in ‘Zhipi' lasted about 75 days, and that in ‘Changshitou' was about 90 days. Time of ‘Changshitou' began develop was earlier than that of ‘Zhipi',and endocarp formation in ‘Changshitou' was later 15 days than that in ‘Zhipi'. Endocarp development in almond was divided into early development period, rapid development period and basic formation period, But development time, cell structure and lignification way of endocarp were different between thin-shell and thick-shell almond.
引文
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[22]陈建中,葛水莲,王有年,等.桃内果皮木质化与其相关酶的关系[J].河南农业科学,2008,37(9):100-103.
[23]孟泽,余佳,杨爱珍,等.不同品种枣内果皮发育过程中木质素沉积的观察比较[J].农学学报,2016,6(2):82-87.
[2]张卫芳,高疆生,何天明,等.新疆扁桃低产因于分析[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(2):243-245.
[3]Boskovic R,Tobutt KR,Duval H,et al.A stylar ribonuclease assay to detect self-compatible seedlings in almond progenies[J].TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1999,99(5):800-810.
[4]夏江宏,曾斌,李伟阳,等.新疆野扁桃自交不亲SSK1的克隆及生物信息学分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(25):107-112.
[5]曾斌,高启明,田嘉,等.扁桃植物自交不亲和性研究进展[A].中国园艺学会干果分会.八届全国干果生产、科研进展学术研讨会论文集[C].中国园艺学会干果分会,2013:6.
[6]Lopez M,Vargas FJ,Batlle I.Self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes:A review[J].Euphytica,2006,150(1):1-16.
[7]杨波,龚鹏,车玉红,等.6个美国扁桃品种在新疆喀什地区的引种适应性[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(1):115-120.
[8]杨波,龚鹏,徐叶挺,等.新疆引进美国扁桃品种种仁的品质特性[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):132-137.
[9]樊存梅.引进扁桃良种的特性观察与快繁技术研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2003.
[10]李鹏,田嘉,唐开文,等.基于隶属函数评估法的扁桃花蕾抗寒性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(2):39-43.
[11]包文泉,左丝雨,乌云塔娜.内蒙古野生长柄扁桃优良单株核仁性状的遗传变异分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(5):1-5.
[12]丁玲,方玉,许云章,等.薄壳扁桃和厚壳扁桃的品质比较研究[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(1):291-293.
[13]殷继英,张强,田嘉,等.新疆地区扁桃坚果品质分析[J].经济林研究,2015,33(4):58-64.
[14]Zhang XY,Liu XM,Luo YZ,et al.Evaluation of water quality in an agricultural watershed as affected by almond pest management practices[J].Water Research,2008,42(14):3685-3696.
[15]Al-Bachir M.Assessing the effects of gamma Irradiation and storage time in quality properties of almond(Prunus Amygdalus L)[J].Innovative Romanian Food Biotechnology,2015,(16):1-8.
[16]高启明,李疆,罗淑萍.扁桃幼果发育的形态解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(3):455-459.
[17]葛水莲,王有年,孟海玲,等.桃果实发育解剖学与果核开裂研究[J].北京农学院学报,2006,21(4):1-4.
[18]王荣华,李嘉瑞,陈理论.杏果实发育的心态解剖学研究[J].西北农业大学学报,2000,28(4):45-50.
[19]吴国良,刘燕,沈元月,等.核桃果皮的组织解剖学研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):104-107.
[20]李正理.植物制片技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,1987.
[21]Dardick CD,Callahan AM,Chiozzotto R,et al.Stone formation in peach fruit exhibits spatial coordination of the lignin and flavonoid pathways and similarity to Arabidopsis dehiscence[J].BMC Biology,2010,8(1):1-17.
[22]陈建中,葛水莲,王有年,等.桃内果皮木质化与其相关酶的关系[J].河南农业科学,2008,37(9):100-103.
[23]孟泽,余佳,杨爱珍,等.不同品种枣内果皮发育过程中木质素沉积的观察比较[J].农学学报,2016,6(2):82-87.