北京地区空气源热泵低温工况下运行性能的实测研究
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摘要
为进一步揭示空气源热泵在实际工况下的运行性能,掌握其低温运行特性,本文在2015~2016年供暖季针对北京地区某办公楼空气源热泵系统进行了为期80 d的现场测试,对系统长期运行性能进行整理,并重点分析了持续3天低温黄色寒潮预警期内系统的实际运行性能。测试结果显示:测试期内机组日平均制热量为15.2 kW,日平均能耗量为0.56 kW·h/m~2,COP为2.77;低温工况下,环境温度在-15.2~-5.1℃内波动,最冷工况下机组排气温度平均值为118.5℃,最高达到124℃,且排气温度超过120℃的运行时间占25%;平均压缩比为11,最高达到11.8,机组平均制热量10.7 kW,最低制热量8.8 kW,衰减幅度达55%,平均COP为1.96,最低COP仅1.49。研究结果为掌握空气源热泵冬季供暖期实际运行性能及低温运行特性提供了必要的实践数据。
To further reveal actual operating performance of Air Source Heat Pump(ASHP) and obtain operating characteristics under low-temperature conditions,a 80-day field test was conducted during the heating season from2015 to 2016 in Beijing.The operating performance of the ASHP is analyzed,especially in the 3 coldest days.The test results indicate that average heating capacity,daily energy consumption and COP are 15.2 kW,0.56 k W·h/m~2 and 2.77 respectively during the test.Under low-temperature conditions,ambient temperature fluctuate from-15.2 ℃ to -5.1 ℃,the average discharge temperature of the ASHP is 118.5 ℃ with the maximum up to 124 ℃and the duration of 25% for temperature over 120 ℃; the average of compression ratio is 11 with a maximum up to 11.8; heating capacity is 10.7 kW in average with minimum down to 8.8 kW which declined by 55%.Meanwhile,the mean value of COP is 1.96 with a minimum down to 1.49.These results lay a necessary and practical foundation for understanding the actual operation performance of ASHP and its operating characteristics under lowtemperature conditions.
To further reveal actual operating performance of Air Source Heat Pump(ASHP) and obtain operating characteristics under low-temperature conditions,a 80-day field test was conducted during the heating season from2015 to 2016 in Beijing.The operating performance of the ASHP is analyzed,especially in the 3 coldest days.The test results indicate that average heating capacity,daily energy consumption and COP are 15.2 kW,0.56 k W·h/m~2 and 2.77 respectively during the test.Under low-temperature conditions,ambient temperature fluctuate from-15.2 ℃ to -5.1 ℃,the average discharge temperature of the ASHP is 118.5 ℃ with the maximum up to 124 ℃and the duration of 25% for temperature over 120 ℃; the average of compression ratio is 11 with a maximum up to 11.8; heating capacity is 10.7 kW in average with minimum down to 8.8 kW which declined by 55%.Meanwhile,the mean value of COP is 1.96 with a minimum down to 1.49.These results lay a necessary and practical foundation for understanding the actual operation performance of ASHP and its operating characteristics under lowtemperature conditions.
引文
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[22]王伟,刘景东,孙育英,等.空气源热泵在北京地区全工况运行的关键问题及应对策略[J].暖通空调,2017,(01):20-27
[23]Zhu J H,Sun Y Y,Wang W,et al.Developing a new frosting map to guide defrosting control for air-source heat pump units[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,90:782-791
[24]Zhu J H,Sun Y Y,Wang W,et al.A novel TemperatureHumidity-Time defrosting control method based on a frosting map for air-source heat pumps[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2015,54:45-54
[25]彦启森,石文星,田长青.空气调节用制冷技术[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[2]王伟,冯颖超,路伟鹏,等.雾霾气象条件下空气源热泵“误除霜”事故特性的实测研究[J].建筑科学,2012,(S2):166-171
[3]王伟,李林涛,盖轶静,等.空气源热泵“误除霜”事故简析[J].制冷与空调,2015,15(3):64-71
[4]王伟,马最良,姚杨.空气源热泵机组新型低温运行工况稳态特性研究[J].建筑科学,2007,23(10):28-31
[5]李艳.空气源热泵机组低温运行特性研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2011
[6]董旭.低温空气源热泵应用技术研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2013
[7]俞丽华,马国远,徐荣保.低温空气源热泵的现状与发展[J].建筑节能,2007,35(3):54-57
[8]韩林俊,王嘉,石文星,等.低温空气源热泵(冷水)机组名义工况的确定研究[J].制冷学报,2009,30(1):19-24
[9]王嘉,谢峤,石文星,等.低环境温度空气源热泵(冷水)机组的IPLV(H)评价方法研究[C]//全国热泵与系统节能技术大会论文集.2008
[10]汪厚泰.低温环境下热泵技术问题探讨[J].暖通空调,1998,(6):36-38
[11]刘忠民.热泵空调器低温制热的探讨[J].制冷与空调,2001,1(1):45-48
[12]罗刚,唐文涛,王瑞祥.一种新流程空气源热泵的低温性能实验研究[J].流体机械,2005,(9):39-42
[13]石文星,王宝龙,邵双全.小型空调热泵装置设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013
[14]李晓燕,闫泽生.R417a在热泵热水系统中替代R22的实验研究[J].制冷学报,2003,24(4):1-4
[15]马国远,邵双全.寒冷地区空调用热泵的研究[J].太阳能学报,2002,23(1):17-21
[16]Ma G Y,Chai Q H,Jiang Y.Experimental investigation of airsource heat pump for cold regions[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2003,26(1):12-18
[17]田长青,石文星,王森.用于寒冷地区双级压缩变频空气源热泵的研究[J].太阳能学报,2004,25(3):388-393
[18]Bertsch S S,Groll E A.Two-stage air-source heat pump for residential heating and cooling applications in northern U.S.climates[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2008,31(7):1282-1292
[19]金旭.双级压缩空气源热泵采暖系统实验研[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009
[20]王伟.双级耦合热泵供暖系统在寒冷地区应用特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005
[21]肖婧,王伟,郭庆慈,等.空气源热泵在北京低温环境下运行性能的现场实测研究[J].建筑科学,2010,26(10):242-245
[22]王伟,刘景东,孙育英,等.空气源热泵在北京地区全工况运行的关键问题及应对策略[J].暖通空调,2017,(01):20-27
[23]Zhu J H,Sun Y Y,Wang W,et al.Developing a new frosting map to guide defrosting control for air-source heat pump units[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,90:782-791
[24]Zhu J H,Sun Y Y,Wang W,et al.A novel TemperatureHumidity-Time defrosting control method based on a frosting map for air-source heat pumps[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2015,54:45-54
[25]彦启森,石文星,田长青.空气调节用制冷技术[M].4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010