基于扭矩的安全钻进控制
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摘要
扭矩是钻进过程中的一个重要参数,扭矩太小时破岩效率低而影响机械钻速,扭矩太大又可能会引发钻具事故,因此需要针对不同的钻具组合,探讨井口处钻柱及钻头扭矩计算方法。本文针对提供扭矩的顶驱或者电动钻机,阐述了钻柱井口扭矩值的计算。根据底部钻具组合中是否带螺杆钻具,提出了钻头处扭矩的计算方法。研究结果得出,在电机电压和负载电阻一定的条件下,井口钻柱的扭矩随其转速变化,一旦转速确定,则扭矩就确定。如果底部钻具组合中不带螺杆,则整个钻柱的扭矩值从井口到钻头向下逐渐递减;如果底部钻具组合中带有螺杆,则钻头扭矩就是此压力降下螺杆的输出扭矩值。螺杆的输出扭矩值与其负载压力降大小成正比,钻井液排量一定的情况下,一旦螺杆的负载压力降确定,其输出扭矩值确定。只要井口与钻头处扭矩差值不超过整个钻柱任意一处的抗扭强度,钻柱就不会发生因扭矩导致的事故。研究结果表明,本文提出的方法为科学选择顶驱或转盘转速及电机功率,合理匹配钻头和螺杆钻具等方面提供了理论指导。
Torque is an important parameter during the drilling process,and the rock breaking rate is slow when weak torque that affects the rate of penetration,while high torque would result to drill string accident.The calculation methods for both torque values of various drill string on the surface and bit need to be summarized.For top drive system or rotary table of electric drive rigs,torque calculation of the surface drill string which is offered.For the bottom hole assembly with and without mud motor,the calculation methods of torque on the bit is proposed.The research results show that,under the condition of the certain voltage of electric motor and load resistance,the rotary speed has a corresponding torque of the surface drill string.If the bottom hole assembles without mud motor,the torque will decrease along the whole string from the surface to the bit.As to the bottom hole assembles with mud motor,the torque on the bit is the output torque of the mud motor under this load pressure drop.The output of mud motor will increase as long as this raised pressure drop value within the designed scope of the mud motor;the bit torque will be the outputtorque value of mud motor under the pressure drop once it is determined.Only if the value difference of torque on the surface and at the bit is no more than the torsional strength of any position of the drill string,the drill string twisted off accident won't happen down hole.The research results show that the proposed idea provides the theoretical guidance for choosing the rotary speed of the top drive system,or rotary table scientifically and matching drill bit and mud motor reasonably.
Torque is an important parameter during the drilling process,and the rock breaking rate is slow when weak torque that affects the rate of penetration,while high torque would result to drill string accident.The calculation methods for both torque values of various drill string on the surface and bit need to be summarized.For top drive system or rotary table of electric drive rigs,torque calculation of the surface drill string which is offered.For the bottom hole assembly with and without mud motor,the calculation methods of torque on the bit is proposed.The research results show that,under the condition of the certain voltage of electric motor and load resistance,the rotary speed has a corresponding torque of the surface drill string.If the bottom hole assembles without mud motor,the torque will decrease along the whole string from the surface to the bit.As to the bottom hole assembles with mud motor,the torque on the bit is the output torque of the mud motor under this load pressure drop.The output of mud motor will increase as long as this raised pressure drop value within the designed scope of the mud motor;the bit torque will be the outputtorque value of mud motor under the pressure drop once it is determined.Only if the value difference of torque on the surface and at the bit is no more than the torsional strength of any position of the drill string,the drill string twisted off accident won't happen down hole.The research results show that the proposed idea provides the theoretical guidance for choosing the rotary speed of the top drive system,or rotary table scientifically and matching drill bit and mud motor reasonably.
引文
[1]彭烨,侯庆勇,李百胜,等.PDC钻头的“低转速-高钻压”钻井参数模式及应用[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(2):18-20.PENG Ye,HOU Qingyong,LI Baisheng,et al.Drilling parametermodel with the“lowrotation speed-high wob”of PDC bits and its application[J].Drilling and Producing Technology,2004,27(2):18-20.
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[10]杨汉立,郭谊民,石宪峰.顶部驱动装置在轻型钻机上的应用研究[J].石油机械,2003,31(S1):54-56.YANG Hanli,GUO Yimin,SHI Xianfeng.The application research of the top drive system on small rigs[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2003,31(S1):54-56.
[11]闫铁,李庆明,王岩,等.水平井钻柱摩阻扭矩分段计算模型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2011,35(5):69-72.YAN Tie,LI Qingming,WANG Yan,et al.Segmental calculation model for torque and drag of drill string inhorizontal well[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2011,35(5):69-72.
[12]李明谦,黄继庆.螺杆钻具的应用现状及未来发展建议[J].石油机械,2006,34(5):73-76.LI Mingqian,HUANG Jiqing.The application status of screw drilling tools and its development suggestions in the future[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2006,34(5):73-76.
[13]陈庭根,管志川,刘希圣.钻井工程理论与技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2000:195.
[14]梁奇敏,侯本权,方丽超.多约束条件下的钻井液排量优化研究[J].石油机械,2013,41(8):13-16.LIANG Qimin,HOU Benquan,FANG Lichao.Study on drilling fluid displacement optimization under multi constraint conditions[J].Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(8):13-16.
[15]章扬烈,肖载阳,端木纲.旋转钻柱运动原理的研究[J].石油矿场机械,1988,12(2):1-7.ZHANG Yanglie,XIAO Zaiyang,DUAN Mugang.The research of the principle of rotary drill string movement[J].Oil Field Equipment,1988,12(2):1-7.
[2]董丽娟.优选钻井参数在大庆油田深井和中深井中的应用[J].钻采工艺,1998,21(1):83-84.DONG Lijuan.The application of optimized drilling parameters in deep and medium deep wells in Daqing oilfield[J].Drilling and Producing Technology,1998,21(1):83-84.
[3]李士斌,张立刚,荆玲,等.钻井参数优选新方法[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(4):9-11.LI Shibin,ZHANG Ligang,JING Ling,et al.A new method to optimize drilling parameters[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2007,35(4):9-11.
[4]崔猛,李佳军,纪国栋,等.基于机械比能理论的复合钻井参数优选方法[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(1):66-70.CUI Meng,LI Jiajun,JI Guodong,et al.Optimize method of drilling parameter of computerized drilling based on mechanical specific energy theory[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(1):66-70.
[5]韩烈祥.基于静摩擦扭矩释放的快速滑动定向钻井技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(11):60-65.HAN Liexiang.A quick slide directional drilling technology based on static friction torque release[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(11):60-65.
[6]范光第,黄根炉,李绪锋,等.水平井管柱摩阻扭矩的计算模型[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(5):22-25.FAN Guangdi,HUANG Genlu,LI Xufeng,et al.Calculation model of fiction toque for horizontal well sting[J].Drilling and Producing Technology,2013,36(5):22-25.
[7]郭永峰.钻井工程仿真技术[J].天然气工业,1995,15(6):29-31.GUO Yongfeng.Drilling engineering simulation technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(6):29-31.
[8]孙永兴,林元华,施太和,等.钻柱扭矩测量方法研究[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(2):13-15.SUN Yongxing,LIN Yuanhua,SHI Taihe,et al.The advance for measuring the torque of drill string[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(2):13-15.
[9]李琳,邵小华,张奇志,等.电动钻机全数字电控系统发展现状与趋势[J].石油机械,2006,34(8):73-75.LI Lin,SHAO Xiaohua,ZHANG Qizhi,et al.The development status and tendency of the digital electronic control system in electric drill rig[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2006,34(8):73-75.
[10]杨汉立,郭谊民,石宪峰.顶部驱动装置在轻型钻机上的应用研究[J].石油机械,2003,31(S1):54-56.YANG Hanli,GUO Yimin,SHI Xianfeng.The application research of the top drive system on small rigs[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2003,31(S1):54-56.
[11]闫铁,李庆明,王岩,等.水平井钻柱摩阻扭矩分段计算模型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2011,35(5):69-72.YAN Tie,LI Qingming,WANG Yan,et al.Segmental calculation model for torque and drag of drill string inhorizontal well[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2011,35(5):69-72.
[12]李明谦,黄继庆.螺杆钻具的应用现状及未来发展建议[J].石油机械,2006,34(5):73-76.LI Mingqian,HUANG Jiqing.The application status of screw drilling tools and its development suggestions in the future[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2006,34(5):73-76.
[13]陈庭根,管志川,刘希圣.钻井工程理论与技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2000:195.
[14]梁奇敏,侯本权,方丽超.多约束条件下的钻井液排量优化研究[J].石油机械,2013,41(8):13-16.LIANG Qimin,HOU Benquan,FANG Lichao.Study on drilling fluid displacement optimization under multi constraint conditions[J].Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(8):13-16.
[15]章扬烈,肖载阳,端木纲.旋转钻柱运动原理的研究[J].石油矿场机械,1988,12(2):1-7.ZHANG Yanglie,XIAO Zaiyang,DUAN Mugang.The research of the principle of rotary drill string movement[J].Oil Field Equipment,1988,12(2):1-7.