后燃烧效应对约束空间内爆炸载荷的影响规律
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摘要
[目的]为了研究后燃烧效应对约束空间内炸药爆炸载荷的影响规律,[方法]将反应率模型耦合到可压缩欧拉方程中,并以源项的方式进行后燃烧能量的添加。采用五阶WENO有限差分格式和三阶TVD-RK格式对耦合方程空间项和时间项进行离散求解,自主编写约束空间内炸药爆炸后燃烧过程的二维数值计算程序。基于自主程序开展不同工况下内爆炸后燃烧效应数值计算,探讨内爆炸过程中反应速率及后燃烧能量大小对爆炸载荷的影响规律。[结果]研究表明:在后燃烧能量大小一定的情况下,反应速率常数增大时,冲击波到达时间提前,冲击波峰值、冲量均增大,准静态超压峰值保持不变;在反应速率常数一定的情况下,随着后燃烧能量的增大,冲击波峰值、冲量及准静态超压峰值均增大;后燃烧能量的加入能显著增强爆炸载荷强度。[结论]研究成果可为抗爆结构设计及毁伤评估提供一定的参考和指导。
[Objectives] In order to study the afterburning effect on blast load in confined space,[Methods] the reaction rate model is coupled to the compressible Euler equations, and the afterburning energy is added in the form of source term. The space term and time term of the coupled equations are solved discretely using the fifth-order WENO finite difference scheme and the third-order TVD-RK scheme. Then an in-house two-dimensional numerical calculation code is developed for afterburning effect in confined space, on the base of which the numerical calculations of the afterburning effects in different explosion cases in confined space are carried out, and the influences of reaction rate and afterburning energy on the blast load are discussed. [ Results] The study shows that, 1) in the case of constant afterburning energy, when the reaction rate increases, the shock wave arrives earlier, the shock wave peak and impulse increase, and the final quasi-static overpressure peak remains unchanged; 2) in the case of constant reaction rate, when the afterburning energy increases, the shock wave peak, impulse and final quasi-static overpressure peak increase. The addition of the afterburning energy can significantly enhance the strength of the blast load. [Conclusions] The study in this paper can provide reference and guidance for the design and damage assessment of anti-explosion structures.
[Objectives] In order to study the afterburning effect on blast load in confined space,[Methods] the reaction rate model is coupled to the compressible Euler equations, and the afterburning energy is added in the form of source term. The space term and time term of the coupled equations are solved discretely using the fifth-order WENO finite difference scheme and the third-order TVD-RK scheme. Then an in-house two-dimensional numerical calculation code is developed for afterburning effect in confined space, on the base of which the numerical calculations of the afterburning effects in different explosion cases in confined space are carried out, and the influences of reaction rate and afterburning energy on the blast load are discussed. [ Results] The study shows that, 1) in the case of constant afterburning energy, when the reaction rate increases, the shock wave arrives earlier, the shock wave peak and impulse increase, and the final quasi-static overpressure peak remains unchanged; 2) in the case of constant reaction rate, when the afterburning energy increases, the shock wave peak, impulse and final quasi-static overpressure peak increase. The addition of the afterburning energy can significantly enhance the strength of the blast load. [Conclusions] The study in this paper can provide reference and guidance for the design and damage assessment of anti-explosion structures.
引文
[1]Kuhl A L,Bell J B,Beckner V E.Turbulent combustion in SDF explosions[C]//Proceedings of the JAN-NAF Conference.San Diego:Lawrence Livermore National Lab,2009.
[2]Kuhl A L,Reichenbach H.Combustion effects in confined explosions[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2009,32(2):2291-2298.
[3]金朋刚,郭炜,王建灵,等.密闭条件下TNT的爆炸压力特性[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(3):39-41.Jin P G,Guo W,Wang J L,et al.Explosion pressure characteristics of TNT under closed condition[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2013,36(3):39-41(in Chinese).
[4]李鸿宾,金朋刚,郭炜,等.炸药在密闭空间中爆炸超压测试与分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(28):8448-8451.Li H B,Jin P G,Guo W,et al.Overpressure test and analysis of TNT blast in confined chamber[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(28):8448-8451(in Chinese).
[5]李芝绒,王胜强,殷俊兰.不同气体环境中温压炸药爆炸特性的试验研究[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(3):59-61.Li Z R,Wang S Q,Yin J L.Experiment study of blast performance of thermobaric-explosive under different gas environment[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2013,36(3):59-61(in Chinese).
[6]Kuhl A L,Oppenheim A K,Ferguson R E.Multi-fluid model of exothermic fields in explosions[C]//Proceedings of the 12nd All-Union Symposium on Combustion and Explosion.Chernogolovka,Moscow Region:Lawrence Livermore National Lab,2000.
[7]Togashi F,Baum J D,Mestreau E,et al.Numerical simulation of long-duration blast wave evolution in confined facilities[J].Shock Waves,2010,20(5):409-424.
[8]Togashi F,Baum J D,Soto O A,et al.Numerical simulation of TNT-Al explosives in explosion chamber[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics.Hawaii:ICCFD7,2012.14
[9]Liu X D,Osher S,Chan T.Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1994,115(1):200-212.
[10]Jiang G S,Shu C W.Efficient implementation of weighted ENO schemes[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1996,126(1):202-228.
[11]Shi J,Zhang Y T,Shu C W.Resolution of high order WENO schemes for complicated flow structures[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2003,186(2):690-696.
[12]Miller P J.A reactive flow model with coupled reaction kinetics for detonation and combustion in non-ideal explosives[C]//Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings.China Lake,CA:Naval Air Warfare Center,1995,418.
[13]徐维铮,吴卫国.WENO格式精度对舱室内爆炸载荷影响规律研究[J].舰船科学技术,2018,40(1):9-16.Xu W Z,Wu W G.The influence of accuracy of WE-NO schemes on the blast load in confined cabin[J].Ship Science and Technology,2018,40(1):9-16(in Chinese).
[14]徐维铮,孔祥韶,郑成,等.约束空间爆炸冲击波高精度数值计算及实验验证[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2017,38(7):1151-1161.Xu W Z,Kong X S,Zheng C,et al.High-resolution hydrocode and validation of explosive shock wavein a confined space[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2017,38(7):1151-1161(in Chinese).
[15]徐维铮,吴卫国.爆炸波高精度数值计算程序开发及应用[J].中国舰船研究,2017,12(3):64-74.Xu W Z,Wu W G.Development of in-house highresolution hydrocode for assessment of blast waves and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2017,12(3):64-74(in Chinese).
[16]徐维铮,吴卫国.泄压口大小对约束空间爆炸准静态超压载荷的影响规律[J].高压物理学报,2017,31(5):619-628.Xu W Z,Wu W G.Effects of size of venting holes on the characteristics of quasi-static overpressure in confined space[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2017,31(5):619-628(in Chinese).
[2]Kuhl A L,Reichenbach H.Combustion effects in confined explosions[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2009,32(2):2291-2298.
[3]金朋刚,郭炜,王建灵,等.密闭条件下TNT的爆炸压力特性[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(3):39-41.Jin P G,Guo W,Wang J L,et al.Explosion pressure characteristics of TNT under closed condition[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2013,36(3):39-41(in Chinese).
[4]李鸿宾,金朋刚,郭炜,等.炸药在密闭空间中爆炸超压测试与分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(28):8448-8451.Li H B,Jin P G,Guo W,et al.Overpressure test and analysis of TNT blast in confined chamber[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(28):8448-8451(in Chinese).
[5]李芝绒,王胜强,殷俊兰.不同气体环境中温压炸药爆炸特性的试验研究[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(3):59-61.Li Z R,Wang S Q,Yin J L.Experiment study of blast performance of thermobaric-explosive under different gas environment[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2013,36(3):59-61(in Chinese).
[6]Kuhl A L,Oppenheim A K,Ferguson R E.Multi-fluid model of exothermic fields in explosions[C]//Proceedings of the 12nd All-Union Symposium on Combustion and Explosion.Chernogolovka,Moscow Region:Lawrence Livermore National Lab,2000.
[7]Togashi F,Baum J D,Mestreau E,et al.Numerical simulation of long-duration blast wave evolution in confined facilities[J].Shock Waves,2010,20(5):409-424.
[8]Togashi F,Baum J D,Soto O A,et al.Numerical simulation of TNT-Al explosives in explosion chamber[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics.Hawaii:ICCFD7,2012.14
[9]Liu X D,Osher S,Chan T.Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1994,115(1):200-212.
[10]Jiang G S,Shu C W.Efficient implementation of weighted ENO schemes[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1996,126(1):202-228.
[11]Shi J,Zhang Y T,Shu C W.Resolution of high order WENO schemes for complicated flow structures[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2003,186(2):690-696.
[12]Miller P J.A reactive flow model with coupled reaction kinetics for detonation and combustion in non-ideal explosives[C]//Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings.China Lake,CA:Naval Air Warfare Center,1995,418.
[13]徐维铮,吴卫国.WENO格式精度对舱室内爆炸载荷影响规律研究[J].舰船科学技术,2018,40(1):9-16.Xu W Z,Wu W G.The influence of accuracy of WE-NO schemes on the blast load in confined cabin[J].Ship Science and Technology,2018,40(1):9-16(in Chinese).
[14]徐维铮,孔祥韶,郑成,等.约束空间爆炸冲击波高精度数值计算及实验验证[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2017,38(7):1151-1161.Xu W Z,Kong X S,Zheng C,et al.High-resolution hydrocode and validation of explosive shock wavein a confined space[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2017,38(7):1151-1161(in Chinese).
[15]徐维铮,吴卫国.爆炸波高精度数值计算程序开发及应用[J].中国舰船研究,2017,12(3):64-74.Xu W Z,Wu W G.Development of in-house highresolution hydrocode for assessment of blast waves and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2017,12(3):64-74(in Chinese).
[16]徐维铮,吴卫国.泄压口大小对约束空间爆炸准静态超压载荷的影响规律[J].高压物理学报,2017,31(5):619-628.Xu W Z,Wu W G.Effects of size of venting holes on the characteristics of quasi-static overpressure in confined space[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2017,31(5):619-628(in Chinese).