性诱剂防治烟草夜蛾的效果评价
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摘要
为探明性诱剂防治烟草夜蛾在邵阳烟区的应用效果及经济效益,丰富邵阳烟区病虫害防治体系,2017年在湖南省邵阳市邵阳县金称市镇,对斜纹夜蛾、烟青虫的发生规律以及性诱剂和化学防治2种方法防治烟草夜蛾的效果、防治成本及经济效益进行比较分析。结果表明:在邵阳烟区运用性诱剂防治斜纹夜蛾、烟青虫的最佳时间分别为5月上旬—7月下旬、4月中旬—6月下旬,性诱剂的使用推迟了斜纹夜蛾和烟青虫对烟株的为害发生时间,降低了为害株率,性诱区斜纹夜蛾和烟青虫的虫口退减率较化防区提高了46.1和46.0个百分点,防治效果较化防区提高20.3和18.3个百分点。性诱区较化防区农药施用次数减少2次,节约用工成本184元/hm~2,总成本节约115元/hm~2,提高了上等烟比例和均价,经济效益提高了7 145.71元/hm~2。在邵阳烟区应用性诱剂防治烟草夜蛾能缩短烟草夜蛾的为害时间,减轻为害程度,获得较好的防治效果;还能减少化学农药的使用量,降低农药残留,提高烟叶产值,获得较好的环境和经济效益。
In order to explore the application effect and economic benefit of sex attractants to prevent noctuid in Shaoyang tobacco area, and enrich the pest control system in Shaoyang tobacco area, the occurrence regularity of the Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta, as well as the effect, control cost and economic benefit of sex attractants and chemical control methods against noctuid on tobacco in Shaoyang County, Hunan Province, were compared and analyzed in 2017. The results showed that the best time of using sex attractants to prevent Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta in Shaoyang tobacco area was from early May to late July and from mid April to late June, respectively. The use of sex attractants delayed the occurrence time of Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta on tobacco plants and the percentage of damaged plants. The reducing rates for the pest of Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta increased by 46.1% and 46.0% in the sex attractants area compared with the chemical control area. The control effect was 20.3 and 18.3 percentage points higher than that in chemical control areas. Compared with chemical control area, the application times of pesticides in sex attraction area were reduced 2 times, the labor cost was saved 184 yuan/hm~2, the total cost was saved 115 yuan/hm~2, the proportion and average price of superior tobacco were increased, and the economic benefit was increased by 7 145.71 yuan/hm~2. The application of sex attractants to control Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta in Shaoyang tobacco area can shorten the damage time, reduce the damage degree and obtain better control effect. It can also reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, improve the output value of tobacco leaves, and obtain better environmental and economic benefits.
In order to explore the application effect and economic benefit of sex attractants to prevent noctuid in Shaoyang tobacco area, and enrich the pest control system in Shaoyang tobacco area, the occurrence regularity of the Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta, as well as the effect, control cost and economic benefit of sex attractants and chemical control methods against noctuid on tobacco in Shaoyang County, Hunan Province, were compared and analyzed in 2017. The results showed that the best time of using sex attractants to prevent Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta in Shaoyang tobacco area was from early May to late July and from mid April to late June, respectively. The use of sex attractants delayed the occurrence time of Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta on tobacco plants and the percentage of damaged plants. The reducing rates for the pest of Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta increased by 46.1% and 46.0% in the sex attractants area compared with the chemical control area. The control effect was 20.3 and 18.3 percentage points higher than that in chemical control areas. Compared with chemical control area, the application times of pesticides in sex attraction area were reduced 2 times, the labor cost was saved 184 yuan/hm~2, the total cost was saved 115 yuan/hm~2, the proportion and average price of superior tobacco were increased, and the economic benefit was increased by 7 145.71 yuan/hm~2. The application of sex attractants to control Spodoptera litura and Heliothis assulta in Shaoyang tobacco area can shorten the damage time, reduce the damage degree and obtain better control effect. It can also reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, improve the output value of tobacco leaves, and obtain better environmental and economic benefits.
引文
[1]周晓梅,黄炳球.斜纹夜蛾抗药性及其防治对策的研究进展[J].昆虫知识,2002,39(2):98-102.
[2]罗梅浩,郭线茹,郑晓军,等.烟青虫和棉铃虫在烟草上的生态位及其种间竞争[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(4):34-37.
[3]任广伟,张连涛.烟蚜和烟青虫的发生与防治[J].烟草科技,2002(5):43-45.
[4]Murugesan K,Dhingra S.Variability in resistance pattern of various groups of insecticides evaluated against Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)during a period spanning over three decades[J].Journal of Entomological Research,1995,19(4):313-319.
[5]王香萍,张钟宁,雷朝亮,等.湖北高海拔地区性信息素对小菜蛾的诱捕和防治效果[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(1):135-140.
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[7]白全江,云晓鹏,徐利敏,等.性诱剂监测和控制向日葵螟应用技术研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(2):214-218.
[8]尹河龙,刘贤谦,马瑞燕,等.影响桃小食心虫性诱剂田间诱捕效率的几种因子的研究[J].中国生物防治,2011,27(1):63-67.
[9]王永模,戈峰,刘向辉,等.应用性信息素迷向法防治茶毛虫的田间试验[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(1):60-63.
[10]王方晓,程新胜,杨明辉,等.斜纹夜蛾的诱集及防治研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(19):4968-4969.
[11]Yang M W,He Y S,Zhang K M,et al.Control of tobacco cutworm moth Spodoptera litura Fabricius(Lepidoptera,Noctuidae)by sex pheromone trapping technology[J].Plant Diseases and Pests,2011,2(4):56-59.
[12]邹永辉,张华.斜纹夜蛾性引诱剂在测报和防治上的应用研究[J].广东农业科学,2009(8):129-130.
[13]朱海燕,马友华.性诱剂防治蔬菜斜纹夜蛾的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(20):10745-10746,10750.
[14]余清,周艳华,张翠萍,等.性诱剂监测玉溪烟区烟草上夜蛾类害虫的发生动态[J].中国生物防治学报,2015(1):21-27.
[15]洪家保,陈学平.用性信息素诱剂防治烟青虫的效果[J].昆虫知识,2002,39(1):27-30.
[16]隆晓,曾爱平,周志成,等.湖南烟青虫发生规律及其测报技术[J].烟草科技,2012(2):75-79.
[17]宋宏伟,宋小菊.应用性诱剂大面积防治烟青虫的效益分析[J].烟草科技,1998(2):43-44.
[18]李丽,李永亮,胡志明,等.不同性信息素和灯具诱杀烟草斜纹夜蛾·烟青虫·棉铃虫的效果和评价[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(33):16143-16144,16154.
[19]余清,莫笑晗,段宏伟,等.性诱剂在楚雄烟区应用效果及效益分析[J].安徽农业科学,2015(1):76-79.
[20]杨明文,何元胜,张开梅,等.性信息素诱杀技术控制烟草斜纹夜蛾研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(28):17314-17316.
[2]罗梅浩,郭线茹,郑晓军,等.烟青虫和棉铃虫在烟草上的生态位及其种间竞争[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(4):34-37.
[3]任广伟,张连涛.烟蚜和烟青虫的发生与防治[J].烟草科技,2002(5):43-45.
[4]Murugesan K,Dhingra S.Variability in resistance pattern of various groups of insecticides evaluated against Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)during a period spanning over three decades[J].Journal of Entomological Research,1995,19(4):313-319.
[5]王香萍,张钟宁,雷朝亮,等.湖北高海拔地区性信息素对小菜蛾的诱捕和防治效果[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(1):135-140.
[6]许国庆,蔡忠杰,刘培斌.甜菜夜蛾性信息素的研究与应用[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(3):357-361.
[7]白全江,云晓鹏,徐利敏,等.性诱剂监测和控制向日葵螟应用技术研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(2):214-218.
[8]尹河龙,刘贤谦,马瑞燕,等.影响桃小食心虫性诱剂田间诱捕效率的几种因子的研究[J].中国生物防治,2011,27(1):63-67.
[9]王永模,戈峰,刘向辉,等.应用性信息素迷向法防治茶毛虫的田间试验[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(1):60-63.
[10]王方晓,程新胜,杨明辉,等.斜纹夜蛾的诱集及防治研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(19):4968-4969.
[11]Yang M W,He Y S,Zhang K M,et al.Control of tobacco cutworm moth Spodoptera litura Fabricius(Lepidoptera,Noctuidae)by sex pheromone trapping technology[J].Plant Diseases and Pests,2011,2(4):56-59.
[12]邹永辉,张华.斜纹夜蛾性引诱剂在测报和防治上的应用研究[J].广东农业科学,2009(8):129-130.
[13]朱海燕,马友华.性诱剂防治蔬菜斜纹夜蛾的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(20):10745-10746,10750.
[14]余清,周艳华,张翠萍,等.性诱剂监测玉溪烟区烟草上夜蛾类害虫的发生动态[J].中国生物防治学报,2015(1):21-27.
[15]洪家保,陈学平.用性信息素诱剂防治烟青虫的效果[J].昆虫知识,2002,39(1):27-30.
[16]隆晓,曾爱平,周志成,等.湖南烟青虫发生规律及其测报技术[J].烟草科技,2012(2):75-79.
[17]宋宏伟,宋小菊.应用性诱剂大面积防治烟青虫的效益分析[J].烟草科技,1998(2):43-44.
[18]李丽,李永亮,胡志明,等.不同性信息素和灯具诱杀烟草斜纹夜蛾·烟青虫·棉铃虫的效果和评价[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(33):16143-16144,16154.
[19]余清,莫笑晗,段宏伟,等.性诱剂在楚雄烟区应用效果及效益分析[J].安徽农业科学,2015(1):76-79.
[20]杨明文,何元胜,张开梅,等.性信息素诱杀技术控制烟草斜纹夜蛾研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(28):17314-17316.