基于地震碰撞易损性的相邻结构临界间距研究
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摘要
提出了一种基于近似解析的地震碰撞易损性确定相邻结构临界间距的方法。首先根据基于性能的抗震设计理论,将碰撞事件表示为单势垒首次超限可靠度问题;其次,通过随机振动理论得到不同地震动强度下结构体系的条件失效概率;然后,结合相邻结构的地震碰撞易损性,将临界间距的计算表述为逆可靠性问题,求出在结构设计使用年限内,某一具体目标碰撞概率所对应的临界间距值,通过蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法进行的相关验证,证实了上述理论的适用性与有效性。
An approximate analytical method for determining the critical separation distance of adjacent buildings based on seismic pounding fragility is proposed. Pounding events are expressed in the form of a single-barrier first-passage reliability problem according to the performance-based seismic design theory. With the random vibration theory, the conditional failure probabilities of a structural system under various seismic intensities are obtained. Combined with the seismic pounding fragility of adjacent buildings, the calculation of critical separation distance is descried as an inverse reliability problem. The critical separation distance corresponding to a targeted pounding probability during the design life is derived. The applicability and validity of the above theory are verified by the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method.
An approximate analytical method for determining the critical separation distance of adjacent buildings based on seismic pounding fragility is proposed. Pounding events are expressed in the form of a single-barrier first-passage reliability problem according to the performance-based seismic design theory. With the random vibration theory, the conditional failure probabilities of a structural system under various seismic intensities are obtained. Combined with the seismic pounding fragility of adjacent buildings, the calculation of critical separation distance is descried as an inverse reliability problem. The critical separation distance corresponding to a targeted pounding probability during the design life is derived. The applicability and validity of the above theory are verified by the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method.
引文
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[2]Kasai K,Maison B F.Building pounding damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake[J].Engineering Structures,1997,19(3):195―207.
[3]Sezen H,Whittaker A S,Elwood K J,et al.Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17,1999 Kocaeli,Turkey earthquake,and seismic design and construction practice in Turkey[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(1):103―114.
[4]Dogangün A.Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1,2003 Bing?l earthquake in Turkey[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(6):841―856.
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[6]Wang Z F.A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(2):225―234.
[7]Li X,Zhou Z,Yu H,et al.Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(3):235―246.
[8]Zhao B,Taucer F,Rossetto T.Field investigation on the performance of building structures during the 12 May2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31(8):1707―1723.
[9]Jeng V,Kasai K,Maison F.A spectral difference method to estimate building separations to avoid pounding[J].Earthquake Spectra,1992,8(2):201―213.
[10]Wang S S,Hong H P.Quantiles of critical separation distance for nonstationary seismic excitations[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(7):985―991.
[11]Bipin S.Effects of separation distance and nonlinearity on pounding response of adjacent structures[J].International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering,2013,3(3):603―612.
[12]Hao H,Shen J.Estimation of relative displacement of two adjacent asymmetric structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(1):81―96.
[13]Lin J H,Weng C C.Probability analysis of seismic pounding of adjacent buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(10):1539―1557.
[14]Hong H P,Wang S S,Hong P.Critical building separation distance in reducing pounding risk under earthquake excitation[J].Structural Safety,2003,25(3):287―303.
[15]吴巧云,朱宏平,陈楚龙.连接Maxwell模型的两相邻结构非线性地震反应分析[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):149―157.Wu Qiaoyun,Zhu Hongping,Chen Chulong.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of two adjacent structures connected using the Maxwell model[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):149―157.(in Chinese)
[16]李青宁,尹俊红,张瑞杰,等.基于精细积分法的结构碰撞动力系数谱研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(3):161―168.Li Qingning,Yin Junhong,Zhang Ruijie,et al.Study on dynamic coefficient spectrum for structure pounding based on the precise time-integration method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(3):161―168.(in Chinese)
[17]Favvata M J.Minimum required separation gap for adjacent RC frames with potential inter-story seismic pounding[J].Engineering Structures,2017,152:643―659.
[18]Ghandil M,Aldaikh H.Damage-based seismic planar pounding analysis of adjacent symmetric buildings considering inelastic structure-soil-structure interaction[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2017,46(7):1141―1159.
[19]Hao H.Analysis of seismic pounding between adjacent buildings[J].Australian Journal of Structural Engineering,2016,16(3):208―225.
[20]国巍,余志武.一种计算地震作用下相邻结构相对位移的改进差异谱方法[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(2):68―76.Guo Wei,Yu Zhiwu.An improved spectral difference method for calculating relative displacement in order to avoid pounding in earthquakes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(2):68―76.(in Chinese)
[21]魏敏.基于地震碰撞易损性的相邻结构临界间距研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2017.Wei Min.Study on critical distance of adjacent structures based on seismic pounding fragility[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[22]Lopez-Garacia D,Soog T T.Assessment of the separation necessary to prevent seismic pounding between linear structural systems[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2009,24(2):210―223.
[23]Rice S O.Mathematical analysis of random noise[J].Bell Labs Technical Journal,1944,23(1):46―156.
[24]Vanmarcke E H.On the distribution of the first-passage time for normal stationary random processes[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1975,42(1):2130―2135.
[25]Gill P E,Murray W,Wright M H.Practical optimization[M].London and New York:Academic Press,1981:84―87.
[26]Cornell C A,Jalayer F,Hamburger R O,et al.Probabilistic Basis for 2000 SAC Federal Emergency Management Agency Steel Moment Frame Guidelines[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(4):526―533.
[27]吴巧云,朱宏平,樊剑,等.某框架结构的抗震性能评估[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(15):158―164.Wu Qiaoyun,Zhu Hongping,Fan Jian,et al.Seismic performance assessment on some frame structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(15):158―164.(in Chinese)
[28]吕大刚,于晓辉.基于地震易损性解析函数的概率地震风险理论研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(10):41―48.LüDagang,Yu Xiaohui.Theoretical study of probabilistic seismic risk assessment based on analytical functions of seismic fragility[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(10):41―48.(in Chinese)
[29]于晓辉,吕大刚.考虑结构不确定性的地震倒塌易损性分析[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(10):8―14.Yu Xiaohui,LüDagang.Seismic collapse fragility analysis considering structural uncertainties[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(10):8―14.(in Chinese)
[30]Tubaldi E,Barbato M,Ghazizadeh S.A probabilistic performance-based risk assessment approach for seismic pounding with efficient application to linear systems[J].Structural Safety,2012,s36-37(2):14―22.
[31]Au S K,Beck J K.First excursion probabilities for linear systems by very efficient importance sampling[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2001,16(3):193―207.
[32]GB 5011―2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB 5011―2010,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[33]GB 5011―2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.GB 5011―2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[2]Kasai K,Maison B F.Building pounding damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake[J].Engineering Structures,1997,19(3):195―207.
[3]Sezen H,Whittaker A S,Elwood K J,et al.Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17,1999 Kocaeli,Turkey earthquake,and seismic design and construction practice in Turkey[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(1):103―114.
[4]Dogangün A.Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1,2003 Bing?l earthquake in Turkey[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(6):841―856.
[5]Naeim F,Lew M,Huang S C,et al.The performance of tall buildings during the 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake,Taiwan[J].The Structure Design of Tall Building,2000,9(2):137―160.
[6]Wang Z F.A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(2):225―234.
[7]Li X,Zhou Z,Yu H,et al.Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(3):235―246.
[8]Zhao B,Taucer F,Rossetto T.Field investigation on the performance of building structures during the 12 May2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31(8):1707―1723.
[9]Jeng V,Kasai K,Maison F.A spectral difference method to estimate building separations to avoid pounding[J].Earthquake Spectra,1992,8(2):201―213.
[10]Wang S S,Hong H P.Quantiles of critical separation distance for nonstationary seismic excitations[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(7):985―991.
[11]Bipin S.Effects of separation distance and nonlinearity on pounding response of adjacent structures[J].International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering,2013,3(3):603―612.
[12]Hao H,Shen J.Estimation of relative displacement of two adjacent asymmetric structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(1):81―96.
[13]Lin J H,Weng C C.Probability analysis of seismic pounding of adjacent buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(10):1539―1557.
[14]Hong H P,Wang S S,Hong P.Critical building separation distance in reducing pounding risk under earthquake excitation[J].Structural Safety,2003,25(3):287―303.
[15]吴巧云,朱宏平,陈楚龙.连接Maxwell模型的两相邻结构非线性地震反应分析[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):149―157.Wu Qiaoyun,Zhu Hongping,Chen Chulong.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of two adjacent structures connected using the Maxwell model[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):149―157.(in Chinese)
[16]李青宁,尹俊红,张瑞杰,等.基于精细积分法的结构碰撞动力系数谱研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(3):161―168.Li Qingning,Yin Junhong,Zhang Ruijie,et al.Study on dynamic coefficient spectrum for structure pounding based on the precise time-integration method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(3):161―168.(in Chinese)
[17]Favvata M J.Minimum required separation gap for adjacent RC frames with potential inter-story seismic pounding[J].Engineering Structures,2017,152:643―659.
[18]Ghandil M,Aldaikh H.Damage-based seismic planar pounding analysis of adjacent symmetric buildings considering inelastic structure-soil-structure interaction[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2017,46(7):1141―1159.
[19]Hao H.Analysis of seismic pounding between adjacent buildings[J].Australian Journal of Structural Engineering,2016,16(3):208―225.
[20]国巍,余志武.一种计算地震作用下相邻结构相对位移的改进差异谱方法[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(2):68―76.Guo Wei,Yu Zhiwu.An improved spectral difference method for calculating relative displacement in order to avoid pounding in earthquakes[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(2):68―76.(in Chinese)
[21]魏敏.基于地震碰撞易损性的相邻结构临界间距研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2017.Wei Min.Study on critical distance of adjacent structures based on seismic pounding fragility[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[22]Lopez-Garacia D,Soog T T.Assessment of the separation necessary to prevent seismic pounding between linear structural systems[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2009,24(2):210―223.
[23]Rice S O.Mathematical analysis of random noise[J].Bell Labs Technical Journal,1944,23(1):46―156.
[24]Vanmarcke E H.On the distribution of the first-passage time for normal stationary random processes[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1975,42(1):2130―2135.
[25]Gill P E,Murray W,Wright M H.Practical optimization[M].London and New York:Academic Press,1981:84―87.
[26]Cornell C A,Jalayer F,Hamburger R O,et al.Probabilistic Basis for 2000 SAC Federal Emergency Management Agency Steel Moment Frame Guidelines[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(4):526―533.
[27]吴巧云,朱宏平,樊剑,等.某框架结构的抗震性能评估[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(15):158―164.Wu Qiaoyun,Zhu Hongping,Fan Jian,et al.Seismic performance assessment on some frame structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(15):158―164.(in Chinese)
[28]吕大刚,于晓辉.基于地震易损性解析函数的概率地震风险理论研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(10):41―48.LüDagang,Yu Xiaohui.Theoretical study of probabilistic seismic risk assessment based on analytical functions of seismic fragility[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(10):41―48.(in Chinese)
[29]于晓辉,吕大刚.考虑结构不确定性的地震倒塌易损性分析[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(10):8―14.Yu Xiaohui,LüDagang.Seismic collapse fragility analysis considering structural uncertainties[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(10):8―14.(in Chinese)
[30]Tubaldi E,Barbato M,Ghazizadeh S.A probabilistic performance-based risk assessment approach for seismic pounding with efficient application to linear systems[J].Structural Safety,2012,s36-37(2):14―22.
[31]Au S K,Beck J K.First excursion probabilities for linear systems by very efficient importance sampling[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2001,16(3):193―207.
[32]GB 5011―2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB 5011―2010,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[33]GB 5011―2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.GB 5011―2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2001.(in Chinese)