鄂尔多斯盆地东北部流-岩相互作用的岩石学记录对烃类运散的指示
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摘要
通过野外宏观地质特征观察、显微岩石学鉴定、全岩主要元素分析,揭示了漂白蚀变岩石的岩石学判识标志。结合蚀变岩石及围岩方解石胶结物碳氧同位素分析、流体包裹体研究、有机质分析,进一步阐明了漂白蚀变岩石形成的流体环境,这些特征反过来又对研究区烃类的运移及散失具有重要的指示意义。研究结果表明,漂白蚀变砂岩与红色原岩相伴而生,其颜色变化趋势、裂隙铁质充填特征、显微岩石学、地球化学特征指示研究区曾经历过化学还原性流体作用。方解石胶结物碳氧同位素分析表明,其δ13C较轻,大部分小于-10‰,指示存在有机碳源供给;流体包裹体特征显示,主要以气态烃及气液烃包裹体为主,成分主要为CO2和CH4,表明研究区经历过天然气作用;漂白砂岩及围岩有机质抽提特征显示,有机质成熟度高,而研究区煤系Ro小于0.5%,成熟度低,显然不是来自本地;盆地东北部天然气逸散表明,其与研究区延安组顶部漂白蚀变砂岩关系密切。综合分析表明,漂白蚀变砂岩形成是上古生界天然气逸散后与近地表围岩发生流体-岩石相互作用的结果,该研究对厘定近地表烃类运散、特别是天然气的逸散提供了新的判识方法,可作为指示油气运散的间接标志。
The petrologic identification marks of the bleached altered sandstone in the studied area are demonstrated according to the observation of field macro-geological characteristics,microscopic petrology identification and main element whole rock analysis. The fluid environment under which the bleached altered sandstone were formed is revealed based on the carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the calcite cements,the study of the fluid inclusions and the analysis of the organic matters in the bleached altered sandstone and its adjacent rock,which are of important indicative significance to the migration and escaping of hydrocarbons in the studied area. It is shown that the bleached altered sandstone is accompanied by the red original rock,and the variation trend of the rock color,the ferruginous infilling features in cracks,the microscopic petrologic features and the geochemical features all show that the studied area experienced the action of reducing fluid. The carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the calcite cements show that the δ13C value of the most of samples is less than- 10‰,which indicates that there is the supply of organic carbon. The fluid inclusion features show that there are mainly gaseous hydrocarbon and gas-liquid hydrocarbon inclusions,whose composition is mainly CO2and CH4,which indicates that the studied area experienced the action of natural gas. The organic extraction features of the bleached altered sandstone and its adjacent rock show that the organic matter in the area is high maturity,but the vitrinite reflectance( Ro) of local coal-bearing strata is lower than 0. 5%,which indicates the organic matter of high maturity is not local. The escaping of the natural gas in northeastern Ordos Basin shows that the gas escaping is closely related to the bleached altered sandstone on the top of Yan'an Formation in the studied area. All the results show that the formation of the bleached altered sandstone in the studied area is due to the fluid- rock interaction of the natural gas escaping from Upper Paleozoic with near-surface rock. The research results in this paper provide a new method for the identification of the migration and escaping of near-surface hydrocarbons,especially the escaping of natural gas.
The petrologic identification marks of the bleached altered sandstone in the studied area are demonstrated according to the observation of field macro-geological characteristics,microscopic petrology identification and main element whole rock analysis. The fluid environment under which the bleached altered sandstone were formed is revealed based on the carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the calcite cements,the study of the fluid inclusions and the analysis of the organic matters in the bleached altered sandstone and its adjacent rock,which are of important indicative significance to the migration and escaping of hydrocarbons in the studied area. It is shown that the bleached altered sandstone is accompanied by the red original rock,and the variation trend of the rock color,the ferruginous infilling features in cracks,the microscopic petrologic features and the geochemical features all show that the studied area experienced the action of reducing fluid. The carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the calcite cements show that the δ13C value of the most of samples is less than- 10‰,which indicates that there is the supply of organic carbon. The fluid inclusion features show that there are mainly gaseous hydrocarbon and gas-liquid hydrocarbon inclusions,whose composition is mainly CO2and CH4,which indicates that the studied area experienced the action of natural gas. The organic extraction features of the bleached altered sandstone and its adjacent rock show that the organic matter in the area is high maturity,but the vitrinite reflectance( Ro) of local coal-bearing strata is lower than 0. 5%,which indicates the organic matter of high maturity is not local. The escaping of the natural gas in northeastern Ordos Basin shows that the gas escaping is closely related to the bleached altered sandstone on the top of Yan'an Formation in the studied area. All the results show that the formation of the bleached altered sandstone in the studied area is due to the fluid- rock interaction of the natural gas escaping from Upper Paleozoic with near-surface rock. The research results in this paper provide a new method for the identification of the migration and escaping of near-surface hydrocarbons,especially the escaping of natural gas.
引文
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[13]David B L,Richard M K,Karrie A W.Follow the water:Connecting a CO2reservoir and bleached sandstone to iron-rich concretions in the Navajo Sandstone of south-central Utah,USA[J].Geology,2010,38(11):999-1002.
[14]Max W,Niko K,Benoit D,et al.Fluid-mineral reactions and trace metal mobilization in an exhumed natural CO2reservoir,Green River,Utah[J].Geology,2012,40(6):555-558.
[15]马艳萍,刘池阳,王建强,等.盆地后期改造中油气运散的效应-鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中生界漂白砂岩[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):233-238.MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,WANG Jiang-qiang,et al.Effects of hydrocarbonm igration and dissipation in later reformation of a basin:formation of Mesozoic bleached sandstone in northeasternOrdos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(2):233-238.
[16]马艳萍,刘池阳,赵俊峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部砂岩漂白现象与天然气逸散的关系[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅰ):127-138.MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,ZHAO Jun-feng,et al.Characteristics of bleaching of sandstone in Northeast of OrdosBasin and its relationship with Natural gas leakage[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,37(sⅠ):127-138.
[17]MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,ZHAO Jun-feng,et al.Characteristics of bleaching of sandstone in northeast of Ordos Basin and its relationship with natural gas leakage[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,50(Ⅱ):153-164.
[18]张复新,乔海明,贾恒.内蒙古东胜砂岩型铀矿形成条件与成矿作用[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):733-739.ZHANG Fu-xin,QIAO Hai-ming,JIA Heng.The Metallogenic condition and epigenetic alteration mineral ization of Dongsheng uranium deposit in the inner Mongolia[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):733-739.
[19]吴柏林,王建强,刘池阳,等.东胜砂岩型铀矿形成中的天然气作用地球化学及其成因矿床学意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):225-232.WU Bo-lin,WANG Jian-qiang,LIU Chi-yang,et al.Geochemical behavior of geologic process of natural gas during mineralization of Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(2):225-232.
[20]冯乔,张小莉,王云鹏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界油气运聚特征及其铀成矿意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):748-752.FENG Qiao,ZHANG Xiao-li,WANG Yun-peng,et al.Characteristics of migration and Accumulation of hydrocarbon and its deposit-forming dignification in Upper Paleozoic in north Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):748-752.
[21]马艳萍,刘池洋,张复新,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东胜砂岩型高岭土矿特征及成因机制探讨[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(5):929-936.MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,ZHANG Fu-xin,et al.Genesis and characteristics of the dongsheng Kaolin Deposits in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(5):929-936.
[22]刘池洋,马艳萍,吴柏林,等.油气耗散-油气地质和资源评价的弱点和难点[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(4):517-526.LIU Chi-yang,MA Yan-ping,WU Bo-lin,et al.Weakness and difficulty of petroleum geology study and resource assessment:hydrocarbon dissipation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(4):517-526.
[23]刘友民.陕甘宁盆地北缘乌兰格尔地区白垩系油苗成因及意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1982(3):39-42.LIU You-min.Some notes about the oil seepage in Ulangar area,northern Shan-Gan-Ning[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,1982(3):39-42.
[24]王华,柳益群,陈魏巍,等.鄂尔多斯盆地郑庄油区长6储层成岩作用及其对储层的影响[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,25(1):12-18.WANG Hua,LIU Yi-qun,CHEN Wei-wei,et al.Diagenesis of Chang 6 reservoir in Zhengzhuang area,Ordos Basin and its effect on reservoir quality[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2010,25(1):12-18.
[25]王庭斌.中国大中型气田成藏的主控因素及勘探领域[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):572-583.WANG Ting-bin.Main control factors of large and medium gas field and exploration domains in China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(5):572-583.
[26]李荣西,赫英,李金保,等.东胜铀矿区流体包裹体同位素组成与成矿流体来源研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):753-760.LI Rong-xi,HE Ying,LI Jin-bao,et al.Isotope composition of fluid inclusion and t racing to the source of mineralization fluid in Dongsheng uranium deposit,North Odors Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):753-760.
[27]Schumacher D.Hydrocarbon induced alteration of soil sand sediments[C]//Schumacher D,Abrams M A.Hydrocarbon Migration and Its Near Surface Expression.AAPG Memoir,1996,66:71-89.
[2]Levandowski D W,Kaley M E,Silverman S R,et al.Cementation in Lyons sandstone Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57:2217-2244.
[3]Lindquist S J.Nugget Formation reservoir characteristics affecting production in the overthrust belt of southwesternWyoming[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1988,35:1355-1365.
[4]Breit G N,Meunier J D.Fliud inclusion andδ18O,and87Sr/86Sr evidence for the fault-controlled copper mineralization,Lisbon Valley,Utah,and Silck Rock district,Colorado[J].Economic Geology,1990,85:884-891.
[5]Surdam R C,Jiao Z S,MacGowan D B.Redox reactions involving hydrocarbons and mineral oxidants:A mechanism for significant porosity enhancement in sandstones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77:1509-1518.
[6]Kirkland D W,Denison R E,Rooney M A.Diagenetic alteration of Permian strata at oil fields of south central Oklahoma,USA[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(6):629-644.
[7]Shebl M A,Surdam R C.Redox reactions in hydrocarbon clastic reservoirs:Experimental validation of this mechanism for porosity enhancement[J].Chemical Geology,1996,132:103-117.
[8]Chan M A,Parry W T,Bowman J R.Diagenetic hematite and manganese oxides and fault-related fluid flow in Jurassic sandstones,Southeastern Utah[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(9):1281-1310.
[9]Beitler B,Chan M A,Parry W T.Bleaching of Jurassic Navajo sandstone on Colorado Plateau Laramide highs:Evidence of exhumed hydrocarbon supergiants?[J].Geology,2003,31(12):1041-1044.
[10]Parry W T,Chan M A,Beitler B.Chemical bleaching indicates episodes of fluid flow in deformation bands in sandstone[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):175-191.
[11]Chan M A,Beitler B,Parry W T,et al.A possible terrestrial analogue for haematite concretions on Mars[J].Nature,2004,429(6993):731-734.
[12]Parry W T,Chan M A,Barbara P N.Diagenetic characteristics of the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in the Covenant oil field,central Utah thrust belt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):1039-1061.
[13]David B L,Richard M K,Karrie A W.Follow the water:Connecting a CO2reservoir and bleached sandstone to iron-rich concretions in the Navajo Sandstone of south-central Utah,USA[J].Geology,2010,38(11):999-1002.
[14]Max W,Niko K,Benoit D,et al.Fluid-mineral reactions and trace metal mobilization in an exhumed natural CO2reservoir,Green River,Utah[J].Geology,2012,40(6):555-558.
[15]马艳萍,刘池阳,王建强,等.盆地后期改造中油气运散的效应-鄂尔多斯盆地东北部中生界漂白砂岩[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):233-238.MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,WANG Jiang-qiang,et al.Effects of hydrocarbonm igration and dissipation in later reformation of a basin:formation of Mesozoic bleached sandstone in northeasternOrdos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(2):233-238.
[16]马艳萍,刘池阳,赵俊峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部砂岩漂白现象与天然气逸散的关系[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅰ):127-138.MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,ZHAO Jun-feng,et al.Characteristics of bleaching of sandstone in Northeast of OrdosBasin and its relationship with Natural gas leakage[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,37(sⅠ):127-138.
[17]MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,ZHAO Jun-feng,et al.Characteristics of bleaching of sandstone in northeast of Ordos Basin and its relationship with natural gas leakage[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,50(Ⅱ):153-164.
[18]张复新,乔海明,贾恒.内蒙古东胜砂岩型铀矿形成条件与成矿作用[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):733-739.ZHANG Fu-xin,QIAO Hai-ming,JIA Heng.The Metallogenic condition and epigenetic alteration mineral ization of Dongsheng uranium deposit in the inner Mongolia[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):733-739.
[19]吴柏林,王建强,刘池阳,等.东胜砂岩型铀矿形成中的天然气作用地球化学及其成因矿床学意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):225-232.WU Bo-lin,WANG Jian-qiang,LIU Chi-yang,et al.Geochemical behavior of geologic process of natural gas during mineralization of Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(2):225-232.
[20]冯乔,张小莉,王云鹏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界油气运聚特征及其铀成矿意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):748-752.FENG Qiao,ZHANG Xiao-li,WANG Yun-peng,et al.Characteristics of migration and Accumulation of hydrocarbon and its deposit-forming dignification in Upper Paleozoic in north Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):748-752.
[21]马艳萍,刘池洋,张复新,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东胜砂岩型高岭土矿特征及成因机制探讨[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(5):929-936.MA Yan-ping,LIU Chi-yang,ZHANG Fu-xin,et al.Genesis and characteristics of the dongsheng Kaolin Deposits in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(5):929-936.
[22]刘池洋,马艳萍,吴柏林,等.油气耗散-油气地质和资源评价的弱点和难点[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(4):517-526.LIU Chi-yang,MA Yan-ping,WU Bo-lin,et al.Weakness and difficulty of petroleum geology study and resource assessment:hydrocarbon dissipation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(4):517-526.
[23]刘友民.陕甘宁盆地北缘乌兰格尔地区白垩系油苗成因及意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1982(3):39-42.LIU You-min.Some notes about the oil seepage in Ulangar area,northern Shan-Gan-Ning[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,1982(3):39-42.
[24]王华,柳益群,陈魏巍,等.鄂尔多斯盆地郑庄油区长6储层成岩作用及其对储层的影响[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,25(1):12-18.WANG Hua,LIU Yi-qun,CHEN Wei-wei,et al.Diagenesis of Chang 6 reservoir in Zhengzhuang area,Ordos Basin and its effect on reservoir quality[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2010,25(1):12-18.
[25]王庭斌.中国大中型气田成藏的主控因素及勘探领域[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):572-583.WANG Ting-bin.Main control factors of large and medium gas field and exploration domains in China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(5):572-583.
[26]李荣西,赫英,李金保,等.东胜铀矿区流体包裹体同位素组成与成矿流体来源研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):753-760.LI Rong-xi,HE Ying,LI Jin-bao,et al.Isotope composition of fluid inclusion and t racing to the source of mineralization fluid in Dongsheng uranium deposit,North Odors Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):753-760.
[27]Schumacher D.Hydrocarbon induced alteration of soil sand sediments[C]//Schumacher D,Abrams M A.Hydrocarbon Migration and Its Near Surface Expression.AAPG Memoir,1996,66:71-89.