EAP换能单元发电量的影响因素分析
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摘要
电活性聚合物(EAP)作为一种新型电活性软体功能材料,具有多种优点,用于能量收集具有巨大的应用潜力。该文从宏观和微观两个层面阐述了介电材料用于能量收集的机电转化原理,以EAP换能单元为例,说明了EAP换能单元怎样将机械能转化为电能,并阐述了介电弹性体发电机理,为后面EAP换能单元的发电提供理论依据。以其他学者研究得到影响EAP换能单元发电量的因素为基础,通过正交试验得到EAP换能单元发电特性和最佳工作条件,并对试验的可靠性进行了分析。实验结果表明,各因素对EAP材料发电的影响大小顺序为:EAP膜面积>拉伸位移>预加电压>预拉伸率>EAP膜厚度。换能单元最佳工作条件为预加电压1 000 V,预拉伸率400%,拉伸位移4 cm,膜面积62.41 cm~2,EAP膜厚度1 mm。
As a new type of electroactive soft functional material, the electroactive polymer(EAP) has many advantages and has great application potential for energy harvesting. This paper describes the principle of electromechanical conversion of dielectric materials for energy harvesting from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Taking EAP transducing units as an example, this paper explains how EAP transducing units convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The mechanism of dielectric elastomer generator is described, which provides theoretical basis for power generation of EAP energy conversion unit in the future. On the basis of other scholars' research, the factors affecting the generation capacity of EAP energy conversion unit are obtained. Through orthogonal test, the generation characteristics and optimal working conditions of EAP energy conversion unit are obtained, and the reliability of the test is analyzed. The experimental results show that the order of the factors affecting the power generation of EAP materials is as follows: EAP film area>tensile displacement>pre-applied voltage>pre-stretch rate>EAP film thickness. The best working conditions of the transducer unit are as follows: pre-applied voltage of 1 000 V, pre-stretch rate of 400%, tensile displacement of 4 cm,film area of 62.41 cm~2,EAP film thickness of 1 mm.
As a new type of electroactive soft functional material, the electroactive polymer(EAP) has many advantages and has great application potential for energy harvesting. This paper describes the principle of electromechanical conversion of dielectric materials for energy harvesting from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Taking EAP transducing units as an example, this paper explains how EAP transducing units convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The mechanism of dielectric elastomer generator is described, which provides theoretical basis for power generation of EAP energy conversion unit in the future. On the basis of other scholars' research, the factors affecting the generation capacity of EAP energy conversion unit are obtained. Through orthogonal test, the generation characteristics and optimal working conditions of EAP energy conversion unit are obtained, and the reliability of the test is analyzed. The experimental results show that the order of the factors affecting the power generation of EAP materials is as follows: EAP film area>tensile displacement>pre-applied voltage>pre-stretch rate>EAP film thickness. The best working conditions of the transducer unit are as follows: pre-applied voltage of 1 000 V, pre-stretch rate of 400%, tensile displacement of 4 cm,film area of 62.41 cm~2,EAP film thickness of 1 mm.
引文
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[19] HOFFSTADT T,BAR-COHEN Y,GRAF C,et al.Modeling of roll-actuators based on electroactive polymers[J].Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD),2013,8687:86871F.
[20] 李阳. 电动汽车电池仓内温度场的数值模拟[D]. 包头:内蒙古科技大学,2013.
[21] 朱世东,魏建锋,周根数,等.基于正交试验的P110腐蚀行为的研究[J].热处理技术与装备,2010,31(1):4-9.ZHU Shidong,WEI Jianfeng,ZHOU Genshu,et al.Research on corrosion behavior of P110 based on orthogonal test[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2010,31(1):4-9.
[2] 陈洁,李玉麒,郑国华.介电型电活性聚合物应变响应的优化[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015, 43(10): 123-127.CHEN Jie,LI Yuqi,ZHENG Guohua.Optimization of strain response of dielectric electroactive polymer[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science),2015,43(10):123-127.
[3] 钟林成,王永泉,陈花玲.基于介电弹性软体材料的能量收集:现状、趋势与挑战[J].中国科学:技术科学,2016,46(10):987-1004.ZHONG Lincheng, WANG Yongquan, CHEN Hua-ling.Energy harvesting based on dielectric elastic soft materials:status, trends and challenges[J].Science of China:Technology,2016, 46(10):987-1004.
[4] 温永清,刘小鱼,鲁飞,等.压电发电技术及其应用研究[J].稀土,2013,34(5):82-85.WEN Yongqing,LIU Xiaoyu,LU Fei,et al.Study on piezoelectric technology and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Earths,2013,34(5):82-85.
[5] 龙军,李茂军.基于压电片的风力发电装置及其自动迎风研究[J].压电与声光,2017,39(3):467-471.LONG Jun,LI Maojun.Study on wind power generator based on piezoelectric chip and its automatic windward study[J].Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics,2017,39(3):467-471.
[6] 于江成.基于碳纳米管电极的介电弹性体堆叠型驱动器研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[7] 刘金刚,张秀敏,田付强,等.耐高温聚合物电介质材料的研究与应用进展[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):14-24.LIU Jingang,ZHANG Xiumin,TIAN Fuqiang,et al.Research and application progress of high temperature resistant polymer dielectric materials[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):14-24.
[8] XU W L, CAO J B, JU E S, et al. Principle experiment of electroactive polymer wind-driven generator[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 305:88-91.
[9] 朱银龙. 介电型EAP换能器机电耦合特性研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.
[10] 张霞. 介电型EAP发电系统研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.
[11] 袁同燕.介电型EAP发电特性研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.
[12] LUO H P, QIU F C, SUN Q H, et al. Experimental Research on dielectric elastomer power generation[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2012, 522(7):927-930.
[13] 赵俊. 介电型EAP发电能量转换研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2011.
[14] 丁宝,王林月,吴智量.压电材料的蓄电和放电系统[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(3):63-65.DING Bao,WANG Linyue,WU Zhiliang.Storing and discharging system of piezoelectric materials[J].Laboratory Research and Exploration,2015,34(3):63-65.
[15] 盛俊杰,陈花玲,李博.频率对VHB4910介电弹性体材料介电性能的影响[J].功能材料与器件学报,2011,17(6):549-554.SHENG Junjie,CHEN Hualing,LI Bo.Effects of frequency on dielectric properties of VHB4910 dielectric elastomer materials[J].Journal of Functional Materials and Devices,2011,17(6):549-554.
[16] 盛俊杰,张玉庆,李树勇,等.温度对介电弹性体材料力电耦合变形的影响[J].固体力学报,2015,36(2):129-136.SHENG Junjie,ZHANG Yuqing,LI Shuyong,et al.Effects of temperature on electromechanical coupling deformation of dielectric elastomers[J].Journal of Solid Mechanics,2015, 36(2):129-136.
[17] SEELECKE S.Experimental analysis of biasing elements for dielectric electro-active polymers[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2011,7976(10):797639-797639-14.
[18] OKAMOTO S,KUWABARA K,OTSUKA K.Electrical stimuli-induced deformation and material properties of electro-active polymer nafion117[J]. Sensors & Actuators A Physical, 2006, 125(2):376-381.
[19] HOFFSTADT T,BAR-COHEN Y,GRAF C,et al.Modeling of roll-actuators based on electroactive polymers[J].Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD),2013,8687:86871F.
[20] 李阳. 电动汽车电池仓内温度场的数值模拟[D]. 包头:内蒙古科技大学,2013.
[21] 朱世东,魏建锋,周根数,等.基于正交试验的P110腐蚀行为的研究[J].热处理技术与装备,2010,31(1):4-9.ZHU Shidong,WEI Jianfeng,ZHOU Genshu,et al.Research on corrosion behavior of P110 based on orthogonal test[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2010,31(1):4-9.