基于系统动力学的再生水价格模型研究
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摘要
再生水作为城市用水的第二来源能够有效解决水资源短缺的问题,然而再生水资源能否得到充分利用关键在于制定合理的再生水资源价格。文章从供需关系角度运用系统动力学原理构造再生水价格分析模型,绘制再生水价格因果关系图分析再生水价格制定问题。通过Vensim软件进行仿真分析,剖析再生水的供需状况与再生水价格之间的关系,仿真结果为制定合理的再生水价格提出相关建议。
The reclaimed water is the secondary source of the municipal water,which can effectively solve the problem of water resources shortage. However,the key to whether the reclaimed water can be fully utilized lies in how to set a reasonable price of it. This paper constructs the reclaimed water price analysis model from the perspective of relation between supply and demand,and draws a causal graph of the reclaimed water price to analyze the problem of how to set it. The simulated anlysis with the Vensim software is applied to analyze the relationship between supply and demand of the reclaimed water and the price of it,which provides some related suggestions for setting the reasonable prices of the reclaimed water.
The reclaimed water is the secondary source of the municipal water,which can effectively solve the problem of water resources shortage. However,the key to whether the reclaimed water can be fully utilized lies in how to set a reasonable price of it. This paper constructs the reclaimed water price analysis model from the perspective of relation between supply and demand,and draws a causal graph of the reclaimed water price to analyze the problem of how to set it. The simulated anlysis with the Vensim software is applied to analyze the relationship between supply and demand of the reclaimed water and the price of it,which provides some related suggestions for setting the reasonable prices of the reclaimed water.
引文
[1]王效琴,王启山.不同中水回用模式的技术经济分析[J].中国给水排水,2006(16):73-76.
[2]田一梅,赵新华.城市自来水与中水系统综合规划的优化研究[J].给水排水,2001(5):23-27.
[3]Thomas J S,Durham B.Costs of urban utility water connections:Excessive burden to the poor[J].Utilities Policy,2007,15(4):270-277.
[4]Cuthbert R,A Hajnosz.Setting reclaimed water rates[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1999,91(8):50-57.
[5]Petr Hlavinek,Tamara Kukharchyk,Jiri Marsalek,et al.Integrated Urban Water Resources Management[M].Netherlands:Springer,2006.
[6]Garcia S,Reynaud A.Estimating the benefits of efficient water pricing in France[J].Resource and Energy Economics,2004,26(1):1-25.
[7]Hurlimann A,Mckay J.Urban Australians using recycled water for domestic potable use---An evaluation of the attributes price,saltiness,colour and odour using conjoint analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,83(1):93-104.
[8]张俊杰,张悦,陈吉宁,等.居民对再生水的支付意愿及其影响因素[J].中国给水排水,2003(6):96-98.
[9]李梅,黄廷林.再生水资源成本价格模型的构建[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科版),2004(2):160-162.
[10]马东春,汪元元.BOT模式建设中水厂的中水价格分析对比研究[J].水利经济,2008(4):31-33.
[11]孙凌帆,苏煜祺,桂林.再生水资源定价方法研究[J].人民黄河,2007(3):48-50.
[12]张钡,张世英.中水价格的构成及其实践意义[J].价格理论与实践,2003(4):26-27.
[13]李明,金宇澄.再生水的价格形成机制探讨[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2005(2):90-92.
[14]吕荣胜,李璨.基于环境先导的再生水资源定价研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010(1):66-68.
[15]陈莹,赵辉,聂汉江,等.再生水定价的形成机制分析[J].水利经济,2015(4):50-52.
[16]张宏伟,胥然然,张雪花.既定成本下再生水合作博弈定价模型[J].天津工业大学学报,2014(4):66-69.
[17]段涛.基于质量差异模型的再生水市场定价公式及应用实例研究[J].生态经济,2015(8):109-111.
[18]刘晓君,丁超.再生水定价模型构建及应用---以西安市为例[J].价格理论与实践,2012(9):26-27.
[19]刘洪波,谢玉霞,叶健,等.系统动力学在再生水供水量预测中的应用[J].系统工程,2013(7):87-90.
[20]秦剑.水环境危机下北京市水资源供需平衡系统动力学仿真研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015(3):671-676.
[21]宋健峰,吴艳,郑垂勇.再生水资源供需循环系统模型分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011(2):112-117.
[22]刘志斌,王君.基于系统动力学的油价预测[J].工业技术经济,2009(5):98-101.
[23]毛显强,钟瑜.面向市场经济的中国水资源可持续利用策略[J].中国人口资源与环境,2002(2):50-54.
[24]Peter Rogers,Ramesh Bhatia.Water is an economic good:How to use prices to promote equity effciency and sustainability[J].Water Policy,2002(4):4-17.
[25]Deason Jonathan P,Schad Theodore M.Water policy in the United States:a perspective[J].Water Policy,2001(3):175-192.
[26]Rohan Jayasuriya,Jason Crean,Rendle Hannah.Economic assessment of water charges in the Lachlan Valley[J].Water Resource,2001(4):15-19.
[2]田一梅,赵新华.城市自来水与中水系统综合规划的优化研究[J].给水排水,2001(5):23-27.
[3]Thomas J S,Durham B.Costs of urban utility water connections:Excessive burden to the poor[J].Utilities Policy,2007,15(4):270-277.
[4]Cuthbert R,A Hajnosz.Setting reclaimed water rates[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1999,91(8):50-57.
[5]Petr Hlavinek,Tamara Kukharchyk,Jiri Marsalek,et al.Integrated Urban Water Resources Management[M].Netherlands:Springer,2006.
[6]Garcia S,Reynaud A.Estimating the benefits of efficient water pricing in France[J].Resource and Energy Economics,2004,26(1):1-25.
[7]Hurlimann A,Mckay J.Urban Australians using recycled water for domestic potable use---An evaluation of the attributes price,saltiness,colour and odour using conjoint analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,83(1):93-104.
[8]张俊杰,张悦,陈吉宁,等.居民对再生水的支付意愿及其影响因素[J].中国给水排水,2003(6):96-98.
[9]李梅,黄廷林.再生水资源成本价格模型的构建[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科版),2004(2):160-162.
[10]马东春,汪元元.BOT模式建设中水厂的中水价格分析对比研究[J].水利经济,2008(4):31-33.
[11]孙凌帆,苏煜祺,桂林.再生水资源定价方法研究[J].人民黄河,2007(3):48-50.
[12]张钡,张世英.中水价格的构成及其实践意义[J].价格理论与实践,2003(4):26-27.
[13]李明,金宇澄.再生水的价格形成机制探讨[J].河北建筑科技学院学报,2005(2):90-92.
[14]吕荣胜,李璨.基于环境先导的再生水资源定价研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010(1):66-68.
[15]陈莹,赵辉,聂汉江,等.再生水定价的形成机制分析[J].水利经济,2015(4):50-52.
[16]张宏伟,胥然然,张雪花.既定成本下再生水合作博弈定价模型[J].天津工业大学学报,2014(4):66-69.
[17]段涛.基于质量差异模型的再生水市场定价公式及应用实例研究[J].生态经济,2015(8):109-111.
[18]刘晓君,丁超.再生水定价模型构建及应用---以西安市为例[J].价格理论与实践,2012(9):26-27.
[19]刘洪波,谢玉霞,叶健,等.系统动力学在再生水供水量预测中的应用[J].系统工程,2013(7):87-90.
[20]秦剑.水环境危机下北京市水资源供需平衡系统动力学仿真研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015(3):671-676.
[21]宋健峰,吴艳,郑垂勇.再生水资源供需循环系统模型分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011(2):112-117.
[22]刘志斌,王君.基于系统动力学的油价预测[J].工业技术经济,2009(5):98-101.
[23]毛显强,钟瑜.面向市场经济的中国水资源可持续利用策略[J].中国人口资源与环境,2002(2):50-54.
[24]Peter Rogers,Ramesh Bhatia.Water is an economic good:How to use prices to promote equity effciency and sustainability[J].Water Policy,2002(4):4-17.
[25]Deason Jonathan P,Schad Theodore M.Water policy in the United States:a perspective[J].Water Policy,2001(3):175-192.
[26]Rohan Jayasuriya,Jason Crean,Rendle Hannah.Economic assessment of water charges in the Lachlan Valley[J].Water Resource,2001(4):15-19.