烟秆还田对水稻稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌田间种群动态的影响
|
摘要
烟秆还田是烟稻轮作种植系统中一种常用的农业措施之一。2015-2016年在广东南雄市烟稻轮作地区研究了不同烟秆还田方式、还田量以及耕作方式等对晚造水稻稻飞虱及其重要捕食性天敌田间种群动态的影响。结果表明,烟秆浅层还田处理水稻上稻飞虱数量低于深还田处理,但差异不显著;在水稻种植中后期,显著低于不还田处理;不同还田方式间对捕食性天敌田间种群影响差异不显著。烟秆不同还田量对稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌数量影响研究结果表明烟秆还田处理的田间稻飞虱数量要显著低于不还田对照处理,2015年和2016年,2.5倍烟秆还田处理的稻飞虱平均数量与对照相比分别减少52.9%和61.1%。1/2倍和1倍烟秆还田量处理与2.5倍还田量相比,差异虽不显著,但烟秆还田量大的处理其褐飞虱数量要低;捕食性天敌数量与还田量之间无显著相关性。浅耕和深耕条件下烟秆还田对稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌田间种群数量的影响都不显著。本研究结果将为烟秆综合利用和水稻害虫绿色防控提供科学依据。
Tobacco straw returning is a popular agricultural treatment during tobacco-rice rotation cropping. During the period from 2015 to 2016, we had researched the control effect of tobacco straw returning on population dynamics of rice planthoppers and their predators under the tobacco-rice rotation cropping system in Nanxiong City, Guangdong Province, China. Our results showed that the number of rice planthppers in paddy fields dealing with shallow tobacco straw-returning less than the fields dealing with deep tobacco straw-returning, but no significant difference between them. In the middle and late stage of rice growing, the number of rice planthppers in paddy fields dealing with shallow tobacco straw-returning was significantly less than control(no tobacco straw returning treatments). The effects of different tobacco straw-returning styles on predators was not significant. Tobacco straw returning keeping obvious control effect on rice planthoppers population, moreover, those control effect was increase as the amount of straw returning into fields. For example, in peak occurrence of rice planthoppers of 2015 and 2016, the mean number of rice planthoppers in treatment dealing with 2.5 times tobacco straw returning into fields decreased 52.9% and 61.1% respectively compared with non tobacco straw returning(CK) treatments. There were no significant difference between the 2.5 times tobacco straw returning and 1 and 0.5 times tobacco straw returning treatments. However, the number of BPH in fields was lower while the amount of tobacco straw returning being more. There was no significant relationship between the mean number of predators and the amounts of tobacco straw-returning. And the cultivation styles kept less effect on the field populations of rice planthppers and predators. The results will provide scientific proofs for comprehensive utilization of tobacco straw and green control of rice pests.
Tobacco straw returning is a popular agricultural treatment during tobacco-rice rotation cropping. During the period from 2015 to 2016, we had researched the control effect of tobacco straw returning on population dynamics of rice planthoppers and their predators under the tobacco-rice rotation cropping system in Nanxiong City, Guangdong Province, China. Our results showed that the number of rice planthppers in paddy fields dealing with shallow tobacco straw-returning less than the fields dealing with deep tobacco straw-returning, but no significant difference between them. In the middle and late stage of rice growing, the number of rice planthppers in paddy fields dealing with shallow tobacco straw-returning was significantly less than control(no tobacco straw returning treatments). The effects of different tobacco straw-returning styles on predators was not significant. Tobacco straw returning keeping obvious control effect on rice planthoppers population, moreover, those control effect was increase as the amount of straw returning into fields. For example, in peak occurrence of rice planthoppers of 2015 and 2016, the mean number of rice planthoppers in treatment dealing with 2.5 times tobacco straw returning into fields decreased 52.9% and 61.1% respectively compared with non tobacco straw returning(CK) treatments. There were no significant difference between the 2.5 times tobacco straw returning and 1 and 0.5 times tobacco straw returning treatments. However, the number of BPH in fields was lower while the amount of tobacco straw returning being more. There was no significant relationship between the mean number of predators and the amounts of tobacco straw-returning. And the cultivation styles kept less effect on the field populations of rice planthppers and predators. The results will provide scientific proofs for comprehensive utilization of tobacco straw and green control of rice pests.
引文
Curl EA. Control of plant diseases by crop rotation [J]. Botanical Review, 1963, 29 (4): 413-460.
He NJ, Tang XN, You CP. Studies on the relationship between tobacco-rice rotation cropping and tobacco pests and diseases [J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1995, 17 (3): 294-299. [何念杰, 唐祥宁, 游春平. 烟稻轮作与烟草病虫害关系的研究 [J]. 江西农业大学学报, 1995,17 (3): 294-299]
Lei YP, Xiao YL, Li LF,et al. Impact of tillage practices on soil bacterial diversity and composition under the tobacco-rice rotation in China [J]. Journal of Microbiology, 2017, 55 (5): 349-356.
Li LM, Hu PC. Study on the effect of tobacco straw-returning under tobacco-rice rotation cropping [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016, 4: 201-202. [李利民, 胡平翠. 烟稻轮作模式下烟秆还田效果研究 [J]. 现代农业科技, 2016, 4: 201-202]
Lodhi MAK, Bilal R, Malik KA. Allelopathy in agroecosystems:Wheat phytotoxicity and its possible rolesin crop rotation [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1987, 13 (8): 1881-1891.
McCaskill DG, Martin DL, Scott AL. Characterization of alkaloid uptake by Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don protoplasts [J]. Plant Physiology, 1988, 87 (2): 402-408.
Niu LA, Qin YS, Hao JM,et al. Study on the efficiency of crop straw returning combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer [J]. Soils and Fertilizers, 1998, 6: 32-35. [牛灵安, 秦耀生, 郝晋珉, 等. 曲周试区秸秆还田配施氮磷肥的效应研究 [J]. 土壤肥料, 1998, 6: 32-35]
Qian HB. Study on the directly returning technologies of rice and wheat straw [J]. Soils and Fertilizers,1998, 2: 26-28. [钱宏兵. 稻麦秸秆直接还田技术的研究 [J]. 土壤肥料, 1998, 2: 26-28]
Song GH. Crop straw returning is a key content for soil fertilization plan [J]. Soil Agrochemical Bulletin, 1996, 11 (3): 10-16. [宋光煌. 秸秆还田是实施沃土计划的重要内容 [J]. 土壤农化通报, 1996, 11 (3): 10-16]
Xu YJ. Agricultural mode and key technologies of modern tobacco-rice rotation cropping in mountain area of northern Guangdong Province [J]. Guangdong Agricultural Science, 2010, 6: 48-49. [许养井. 粤北山区现代烟稻轮作农业模式与关键技术 [J]. 广东农业科学, 2010, 6: 48-49]
Yan N, Guo DF, Yao ZD,et al. Effects of tobacco stalk returning on growth, yield, quality and virus disease occurrence of tobacco [J]. Acta Agriculture Jiangxi, 2016, 28 (7): 68-72. [闫宁, 郭东峰, 姚忠达, 等. 烟秆还田对烟草生长、产量、质量及病毒病发生的影响 [J]. 江西农业学报, 2016, 28 (7): 68-72]
Zhang ZF, Cui BY, Li YF,et al. Effects of tobacco–rice rotation on rice planthoppers Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in China [J]. Plant and Soil, 2015, 392 (1): 333-344.
Zhang ZJ. Effect of long-term wheat straw returning on crop production and soil fertilization [J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1998, 29 (4): 154-155. [张振江. 长期麦秆直接还田对作物产量与土壤肥力的影响 [J]. 土壤通报, 1998, 29 (4): 154-155]
Zhao Y, Li W, Zhou ZH,et al. Changes of microbial community structure in straw amended soil [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2005, 24 (6): 1114-1118. [赵勇, 李武, 周志华, 等. 秸秆还田后土壤微生物群落结构变化的初步研究 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2005, 24 (6): 1114-1118]
Zhou FM, Liao BL, Qin JB,et al. Effect of the different tobacco straw managements on occurrence of tobacco diseases [J]. Hunan Agricultural Science, 2011, 20: 38-39. [周孚美, 廖标龙, 秦剑波, 张晓峰. 烟秆不同处理方式对烟草主要病害发生的影响 [J]. 湖南农业科学, 2011, 20: 38-39]
Zhou XH. Preliminary discussion on the relationship between tobacco-rice rotation cropping and tobacco soil-borne diseases [J].China Tobacco, 1993, 2: 39-40. [周兴华. 烟稻轮作与烟草土传病害发生关系的初步探讨 [J]. 中国烟草, 1993, 2: 39-40]
He NJ, Tang XN, You CP. Studies on the relationship between tobacco-rice rotation cropping and tobacco pests and diseases [J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1995, 17 (3): 294-299. [何念杰, 唐祥宁, 游春平. 烟稻轮作与烟草病虫害关系的研究 [J]. 江西农业大学学报, 1995,17 (3): 294-299]
Lei YP, Xiao YL, Li LF,et al. Impact of tillage practices on soil bacterial diversity and composition under the tobacco-rice rotation in China [J]. Journal of Microbiology, 2017, 55 (5): 349-356.
Li LM, Hu PC. Study on the effect of tobacco straw-returning under tobacco-rice rotation cropping [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016, 4: 201-202. [李利民, 胡平翠. 烟稻轮作模式下烟秆还田效果研究 [J]. 现代农业科技, 2016, 4: 201-202]
Lodhi MAK, Bilal R, Malik KA. Allelopathy in agroecosystems:Wheat phytotoxicity and its possible rolesin crop rotation [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1987, 13 (8): 1881-1891.
McCaskill DG, Martin DL, Scott AL. Characterization of alkaloid uptake by Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don protoplasts [J]. Plant Physiology, 1988, 87 (2): 402-408.
Niu LA, Qin YS, Hao JM,et al. Study on the efficiency of crop straw returning combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer [J]. Soils and Fertilizers, 1998, 6: 32-35. [牛灵安, 秦耀生, 郝晋珉, 等. 曲周试区秸秆还田配施氮磷肥的效应研究 [J]. 土壤肥料, 1998, 6: 32-35]
Qian HB. Study on the directly returning technologies of rice and wheat straw [J]. Soils and Fertilizers,1998, 2: 26-28. [钱宏兵. 稻麦秸秆直接还田技术的研究 [J]. 土壤肥料, 1998, 2: 26-28]
Song GH. Crop straw returning is a key content for soil fertilization plan [J]. Soil Agrochemical Bulletin, 1996, 11 (3): 10-16. [宋光煌. 秸秆还田是实施沃土计划的重要内容 [J]. 土壤农化通报, 1996, 11 (3): 10-16]
Xu YJ. Agricultural mode and key technologies of modern tobacco-rice rotation cropping in mountain area of northern Guangdong Province [J]. Guangdong Agricultural Science, 2010, 6: 48-49. [许养井. 粤北山区现代烟稻轮作农业模式与关键技术 [J]. 广东农业科学, 2010, 6: 48-49]
Yan N, Guo DF, Yao ZD,et al. Effects of tobacco stalk returning on growth, yield, quality and virus disease occurrence of tobacco [J]. Acta Agriculture Jiangxi, 2016, 28 (7): 68-72. [闫宁, 郭东峰, 姚忠达, 等. 烟秆还田对烟草生长、产量、质量及病毒病发生的影响 [J]. 江西农业学报, 2016, 28 (7): 68-72]
Zhang ZF, Cui BY, Li YF,et al. Effects of tobacco–rice rotation on rice planthoppers Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in China [J]. Plant and Soil, 2015, 392 (1): 333-344.
Zhang ZJ. Effect of long-term wheat straw returning on crop production and soil fertilization [J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1998, 29 (4): 154-155. [张振江. 长期麦秆直接还田对作物产量与土壤肥力的影响 [J]. 土壤通报, 1998, 29 (4): 154-155]
Zhao Y, Li W, Zhou ZH,et al. Changes of microbial community structure in straw amended soil [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2005, 24 (6): 1114-1118. [赵勇, 李武, 周志华, 等. 秸秆还田后土壤微生物群落结构变化的初步研究 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2005, 24 (6): 1114-1118]
Zhou FM, Liao BL, Qin JB,et al. Effect of the different tobacco straw managements on occurrence of tobacco diseases [J]. Hunan Agricultural Science, 2011, 20: 38-39. [周孚美, 廖标龙, 秦剑波, 张晓峰. 烟秆不同处理方式对烟草主要病害发生的影响 [J]. 湖南农业科学, 2011, 20: 38-39]
Zhou XH. Preliminary discussion on the relationship between tobacco-rice rotation cropping and tobacco soil-borne diseases [J].China Tobacco, 1993, 2: 39-40. [周兴华. 烟稻轮作与烟草土传病害发生关系的初步探讨 [J]. 中国烟草, 1993, 2: 39-40]