模拟降雨条件下金银花对片麻岩坡地土壤侵蚀的影响
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摘要
通过室内人工模拟降雨的方法,研究不同树龄金银花对片麻岩坡地土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明:种植金银花能明显减缓雨水对片麻岩坡地的土壤侵蚀。金银花能延迟初始产流时间,降低径流模数和输沙模数,且随树龄的增加效果明显增加。相比裸地,种植1,3,6年树龄金银花分别延迟产流时间0.71%,23.33%和39.20%;6年金银花降低径流模数和径流深分别达75%和51%,降低输沙模数为23.42%～57.60%。金银花能提高土壤抗侵蚀能力,相比裸地,种植1,3,6年树龄金银花坡面WAS_(0.25)分别提高11.52%,19.37%和24.35%。在近根区,相比1年树龄金银花根系生物量,种植3,6年金银花依次增加82.67%和191.26%。根系生物量与金银花坡面的总减流率和总减沙率呈极显著正相关,其相关系数(R~2)分别为0.801和0.911。总体上,金银花能够控制片麻岩坡地土壤侵蚀,并在一定程度上提高土壤抗侵蚀能力。
The effects of honeysuckles with different ages on soil erosion on gneiss slopes were studied using artificial rainfall simulation. Results showed that planting honeysuckle significantly reduced soil erosion by rain water on gneiss slopes. Honeysuckle delayed initial runoff time, reduced runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus. Moreover, the effects increased with the increasing ages of the honeysuckles. Compared with bare soil, the one-, three-and six-year-old honeysuckles delayed runoff time by 0.71%, 23.33% and 39.20% respectively; the six-year honeysuckles reduced runoff modulus and runoff depth by 75% and 51%, respectively, and reduced sediment transport modulus by 23.42%～57.60%. Honeysuckle also improved soil erosion resistance. Compared with bare soil, the WAS_(0.25) of the one-, three-and six-year-old honeysuckles on slopes increased by 11.52%, 19.37% and 24.35% respectively. Compared with the one-year-old honeysuckles, root biomass of the three-year and six-year honeysuckles increased by 82.67% and 191.26% respectively in the near-root zone. Honeysuckle root biomass was strongly and positively correlated with the total flow reduction rates(R~2=0.801) and total sediment reduction rates(R~2=0.911). In general, honeysuckle could control soil erosion on gneiss slopes and improve soil erosion resistance to some extent.
The effects of honeysuckles with different ages on soil erosion on gneiss slopes were studied using artificial rainfall simulation. Results showed that planting honeysuckle significantly reduced soil erosion by rain water on gneiss slopes. Honeysuckle delayed initial runoff time, reduced runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus. Moreover, the effects increased with the increasing ages of the honeysuckles. Compared with bare soil, the one-, three-and six-year-old honeysuckles delayed runoff time by 0.71%, 23.33% and 39.20% respectively; the six-year honeysuckles reduced runoff modulus and runoff depth by 75% and 51%, respectively, and reduced sediment transport modulus by 23.42%～57.60%. Honeysuckle also improved soil erosion resistance. Compared with bare soil, the WAS_(0.25) of the one-, three-and six-year-old honeysuckles on slopes increased by 11.52%, 19.37% and 24.35% respectively. Compared with the one-year-old honeysuckles, root biomass of the three-year and six-year honeysuckles increased by 82.67% and 191.26% respectively in the near-root zone. Honeysuckle root biomass was strongly and positively correlated with the total flow reduction rates(R~2=0.801) and total sediment reduction rates(R~2=0.911). In general, honeysuckle could control soil erosion on gneiss slopes and improve soil erosion resistance to some extent.
引文
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[25] 刘锦春,马晔,陶建平,等.丛枝菌根真菌对西南岩溶地区干旱及干湿交替下金银花根系生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):110-116.
[26] 张莉.延河流域近50年植被与水沙变化关系分析[D].陕西杨凌:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2014.
[27] 乐乐,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.不同种植年限金银花根区与非根区土壤养分差异性研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(3):229-232.
[28] 王小云.土壤团聚体与土壤侵蚀关系研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(23):106-108.
[2] 史东超,张金柱,郭素平.太行山片麻岩区坡地水土流失规律研究[J].河北林果研究,2003,18(1):13-19.
[3] 朱子龙,周大迈,张爱军,等.不同下垫面太行山片麻岩坡面水土及养分流失规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):61-65.
[4] 徐宪立,马克明,傅伯杰,等.植被与水土流失关系研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3137-3143.
[5] 夏青,尚润阳.植被覆盖对土壤水蚀的影响评价[J].海河水利,2014(2):52-55.
[6] 陈奇伯.林地枯枝落叶层水土保持作用探讨[J].甘肃水利水电技术,1996(3):70-72.
[7] 王一志.植被与水土流失关系分析[J].科学技术创新,2016(29):266.
[8] 杨帆,程金花,张洪江,等.坡面草本植物对土壤分离及侵蚀动力的影响研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):129-137.
[9] 吴彦,刘世全,王金锡.植物根系对土壤抗侵蚀能力的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,1997,3(2):119-124.
[10] 杨吉华,王华田,张光灿,等.金银花水土保持效益的研究[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(3):35-38.
[11] 田雪彪,杨进,邹坤,等.树形金银花生长特性及水土保持功效研究[J].水资源开发与管理,2012,10(4):38-40.
[12] 贺红亮.金银花护坡性能研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[13] 班越非.金银花与矿区绿化[J].辽宁林业科技,2005(3):60-61.
[14] 王磊,焦方仕,季成善.山区经济开发的选择:金银花[J].农业科技通讯,2000(11):10-11.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[16] 周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979.
[17] 张兴昌,刘国彬,付会芳.不同植被覆盖度对流域氮素径流流失的影响[J].环境科学,2000,21(6):16-19.
[18] 张佳琪,王红,张瑞芳,等.雨强对片麻岩坡面径流养分流失规律的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):42-45.
[19] 胡宏祥,洪天求,刘路.水土流失量和养分流失量的预测[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(3):98-103.
[20] 高维森.土壤抗蚀性指标及其适用性初步研究[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(2):60-65.
[21] 彭熙,李安定,李苇洁,等.不同植物篱模式下土壤物理变化及其减流减沙效应研究[J].土壤,2009,41(1):107-111.
[22] 才业锦.重庆市水土保持措施效应及小流域治理范式评价[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[23] Mena M M, Deeks L K, Williams A G. An evaluation of a fragmentation fractal dimension technique to determine soil erodibility[J].Geoderma,1999,90(1/2):87-98.
[24] 陈诗礼.试论岩石性质与水土流失的关系[J].中国水土保持,1988(3):26-31.
[25] 刘锦春,马晔,陶建平,等.丛枝菌根真菌对西南岩溶地区干旱及干湿交替下金银花根系生长的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):110-116.
[26] 张莉.延河流域近50年植被与水沙变化关系分析[D].陕西杨凌:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2014.
[27] 乐乐,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.不同种植年限金银花根区与非根区土壤养分差异性研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(3):229-232.
[28] 王小云.土壤团聚体与土壤侵蚀关系研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(23):106-108.