广西农业水资源利用效率及其影响因素研究——基于Global超效率DEA与Tobit模型
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摘要
研究广西农业水资源利用效率区域差异及其影响因素,为促进广西农业生产节水增效提供现实指导意义。基于2007-2016年广西14个地市的面板数据,运用Global超效率DEA模型和基于全要素思想的水资源利用效率测度方法对广西农业水资源利用效率进行测算,并运用面板Tobit模型探究农业水资源利用效率的影响因素。研究结果表明:2007-2016年,广西农业水资源利用效率呈波动式上升走势,效率值总体偏低,防城港、钦州、北海、南宁等北部湾经济区城市的水资源利用效率较高,而河池、百色、贵港3个城市的水资源利用效率较低;年均降水量、年均气温、地表水占供水结构比例、耗水作物种植面积、农村居民纯收入对广西农业水资源利用效率呈正向相关性,人均水资源量、有效灌溉面积对广西农业水资源利用效率呈负向相关性。结合广西农业发展的现实背景分析发现,农民节水意识不强、季节性与工程性缺水、农业经济发展水平较低、粗放式灌溉都是造成农业水资源利用效率不高的原因。
In this study,the regional differences among the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi and the influential factors are studied to provide a practical guiding significance for promoting water saving and efficiency improvement in Guangxi's agricultural production. On the basis of the panel data of 14 cities in Guangxi from 2007 to 2016,the Global super-efficiency DEA model and total factor water use efficiency measurement method are adopted to measure the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi,and the panel Tobit model is used to explore the influential factors of agricultural water use efficiency. According to the research results,the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi from 2007 to 2016 showed a rising trend in fluctuation,and the efficiency values were generally low; the water use efficiency of cities in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone,such as Fangchenggang,Qinzhou,Beihai and Nanning,was relatively high,while the water use efficiency of the three cities of Hechi Baise and Guigang is relatively low; the average annual precipitation,the average annual temperature,the ratio of surface water to water resource structure,the planting area of waterconsuming crops as well as rural residents' net income are positively correlated with the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi,while the average water resource per capita and effective irrigated area are negatively correlated with the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi. Based on the analysis of the practical background of agricultural development in Guangxi,it is found that farmers ' insufficient water-saving awareness, seasonal and engineering water shortages, the low level of agricultural economic development,and extensive irrigation are the causes of the low agricultural water use efficiency.
In this study,the regional differences among the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi and the influential factors are studied to provide a practical guiding significance for promoting water saving and efficiency improvement in Guangxi's agricultural production. On the basis of the panel data of 14 cities in Guangxi from 2007 to 2016,the Global super-efficiency DEA model and total factor water use efficiency measurement method are adopted to measure the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi,and the panel Tobit model is used to explore the influential factors of agricultural water use efficiency. According to the research results,the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi from 2007 to 2016 showed a rising trend in fluctuation,and the efficiency values were generally low; the water use efficiency of cities in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone,such as Fangchenggang,Qinzhou,Beihai and Nanning,was relatively high,while the water use efficiency of the three cities of Hechi Baise and Guigang is relatively low; the average annual precipitation,the average annual temperature,the ratio of surface water to water resource structure,the planting area of waterconsuming crops as well as rural residents' net income are positively correlated with the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi,while the average water resource per capita and effective irrigated area are negatively correlated with the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in Guangxi. Based on the analysis of the practical background of agricultural development in Guangxi,it is found that farmers ' insufficient water-saving awareness, seasonal and engineering water shortages, the low level of agricultural economic development,and extensive irrigation are the causes of the low agricultural water use efficiency.
引文
[1]邓晓军,杨琳,吴春玲,等.广西水资源与社会经济发展协调度评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(3):14-17,23.
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[9]杨骞,刘华军.污染排放约束下中国农业水资源效率的区域差异与影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015,32(1):114-128,158.
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[11]杨骞,武荣伟,王弘儒.中国农业用水效率的分布格局与空间交互影响:1998-2013年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(2):72-88.
[12]Pastor J T,Lovell C A.A global Malmquist productivity index[J].Economics Letters.2005,88(2):266-271.
[13]Andersen P,Petersen N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1 261-1 264.
[14]王莹.中国省际水资源利用效率及影响因素分析——基于超效率DEA与Tobit模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(5):41-44,52.
[15]王洁萍,刘国勇,朱美玲.新疆农业水资源利用效率测度及其影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2016,(1):63-67.
[16]丁绪辉,贺菊花,王柳元.考虑非合意产出的省际水资源利用效率及驱动因素研究——基于SE-SBM与Tobit模型的考察[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):157-164.
[17]王昕,陆迁.中国农业水资源利用效率区域差异及趋同性检验实证分析[J].软科学,2014,28(11):133-137.
[18]傅文华,康永辉.广西社会经济干旱特征及抗旱效益与对策[J].人民长江,2016,47(S1):1-8.
[19]凌贤宗.广西节水灌溉技术现状及发展方向[J].广西水利水电,2011,(3):63-65.
[2]Hu J L,Wang S C,Yeh F Y.Total-factor Water Efficiency of Regions in China[J].Resources Policy,2006,31(4):217-230.
[3]佟金萍,马剑锋,王圣,等.长江流域农业用水效率研究:基于超效率DEA和Tobit模型[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):603-608.
[4]佟金萍,马剑锋,王慧敏,等.中国农业全要素用水效率及其影响因素分析[J].经济问题,2014,(6):101-106.
[5]赵姜,孟鹤,龚晶.京津冀地区农业全要素用水效率及影响因素分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(3):76-84.
[6]李明璗.基于DEA方法的中国农业水资源利用效率研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):106-114.
[7]张娜娜,王海涛,吴颖超,等.基于数据包络分析模型的江苏省农业水资源利用效率评价[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):299-303.
[8]刘涛.我国农业用水效率的时空差异[J].节水灌溉,2016,(3):75-79.
[9]杨骞,刘华军.污染排放约束下中国农业水资源效率的区域差异与影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015,32(1):114-128,158.
[10]刘涛.中国农业生态用水效率的空间差异与模式分类[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):443-446.
[11]杨骞,武荣伟,王弘儒.中国农业用水效率的分布格局与空间交互影响:1998-2013年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(2):72-88.
[12]Pastor J T,Lovell C A.A global Malmquist productivity index[J].Economics Letters.2005,88(2):266-271.
[13]Andersen P,Petersen N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1 261-1 264.
[14]王莹.中国省际水资源利用效率及影响因素分析——基于超效率DEA与Tobit模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(5):41-44,52.
[15]王洁萍,刘国勇,朱美玲.新疆农业水资源利用效率测度及其影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2016,(1):63-67.
[16]丁绪辉,贺菊花,王柳元.考虑非合意产出的省际水资源利用效率及驱动因素研究——基于SE-SBM与Tobit模型的考察[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):157-164.
[17]王昕,陆迁.中国农业水资源利用效率区域差异及趋同性检验实证分析[J].软科学,2014,28(11):133-137.
[18]傅文华,康永辉.广西社会经济干旱特征及抗旱效益与对策[J].人民长江,2016,47(S1):1-8.
[19]凌贤宗.广西节水灌溉技术现状及发展方向[J].广西水利水电,2011,(3):63-65.