中国省域农业科研机构科技创新能力测度及分析
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摘要
基于科技创新能力的内涵及构成要素构建了相应的指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS模型和聚类分析法对我国31个省区的农业科研机构科技创新能力进行了评价与比较。结果表明:国际化、原始创新、成果转化与推广等仍是影响我国各省区科技创新能力提升的短板因素。从评价结果看,我国农业科研机构科技创新能力整体水平较低且差异较大、两极分化较严重,基本遵循从东部—中部—西部依次递推。通过聚类分析,并根据创新基础能力、创新投入能力、科研活动能力、成果产出能力和转化扩散能力5个方面的得分和原始数据分析,北京、广东、浙江、江苏等创新能力高和较高的省区各项得分都较高;贵州、江西、西藏、宁夏、陕西、青海等创新能力很低的省区各项能力均较低。另外,大部分省区在各项能力上得分排名参差不一、彼高此低。
Based on the connotation and constituent elements of the innovation ability of science and technology,this paper compared and evaluated the scientific and technological innovation ability of China's 31 provinces by building the index system and using the entropy TOPSIS model and cluster analysis method. The results showed that: Internationalization,original innovation,achievements transformation and promotion were the main factors which affected the improvement of the innovation ability of science and technology about agricultural scientific research institution.In general,the overall innovation ability of science and technology of China's agricultural scientific research institution was low and different polarization,thus the regional levels presented eastern higher and western lower.Meanwhile,the cluster analysis showed that there were four levels about the innovation ability of science and technology of China's 31 provinces agricultural scientific research institution. According to the scores of innovation basic ability,innovation investment ability,R&D ability,achievements transformation and promotion ability,there were higher scores in Guangdong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Beijing.Though Guizhou,Jiangxi,Xizang,Qinghai had lower scores,which illustrated there were diversify and complicated factors affected the innovation ability of science and technology about agricultural scientific research institution of China.
Based on the connotation and constituent elements of the innovation ability of science and technology,this paper compared and evaluated the scientific and technological innovation ability of China's 31 provinces by building the index system and using the entropy TOPSIS model and cluster analysis method. The results showed that: Internationalization,original innovation,achievements transformation and promotion were the main factors which affected the improvement of the innovation ability of science and technology about agricultural scientific research institution.In general,the overall innovation ability of science and technology of China's agricultural scientific research institution was low and different polarization,thus the regional levels presented eastern higher and western lower.Meanwhile,the cluster analysis showed that there were four levels about the innovation ability of science and technology of China's 31 provinces agricultural scientific research institution. According to the scores of innovation basic ability,innovation investment ability,R&D ability,achievements transformation and promotion ability,there were higher scores in Guangdong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Beijing.Though Guizhou,Jiangxi,Xizang,Qinghai had lower scores,which illustrated there were diversify and complicated factors affected the innovation ability of science and technology about agricultural scientific research institution of China.
引文
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[2]LIU Y,WANG X.Technological Progress and Chinese Agricultural Growth in the 1990s[J].China Economic Review,2005,16(4)∶419-440.
[3]Fan SG.Effects of Technological Change and Institutional Reform on Production Growth in Chinese Agriculture[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,73(2)∶266-275.
[4]陈祺琪,张俊飚,程琳琳.农业科技资源配置能力区域差异分析及驱动因子分解[J].科研管理,2016,(3)∶110-123.
[5]Lazzarotti V,Manzini R,Mari L.A Model for R&D Performance Measurement[J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2011,134(1)∶212-223.
[6]贾凤伶,李瑾,李树德,等.农业科研机构自主创新能力评估指标体系研究[J].天津农业科学,2009,15(1)∶77-82.
[7]武敏.农业科技创新能力评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2006.
[8]徐荃子.西部区域农业科技创新能力评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2007.
[9]卢江勇,蒋和平.我国农业科技创新能力实证研究[J].新疆农垦经济,2008,(6)∶19-25.
[10]许朗.中国农业科研机构科技创新研究——能力、效率与模式[D].南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[11]张静.我国农业科技创新能力与效率研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[12]陆建中.农业科研机构自主创新能力研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2011.
[13]姜丽华.农业科研机构科技创新能力评价的理论与方法研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2014.
[14]白献晓,韩蕴,刘云霞.农业科研机构创新能力问题研究[J].河南科技,2004,(2)∶12-13.
[15]胡慧英,申红芳,廖西元,等.农业科研机构科技创新能力的影响因素分析[J].科研管理,2010,(3)∶78-88.
[16]张梅申,岳增良,郑小六.农业科研单位科技创新能力要素分析及提升模式研究[J].农业科技管理,2015,(2)∶23-26.
[17]曹博,赵芝俊.技术进步类型选择和我国农业技术创新路径[J].农业技术经济,2017,(9)∶80-87.
[18]赵芝俊.农业科研单位综合科研能力评估学术研讨会会议纪要[J].农业技术经济,2006,(4)∶79-80.
[19]Chen TY,Tsao CY.The Interval-valued Fuzzy TOPSIS Method and Experimental Analysis[J].Fuzzy Sets&Systems,2008,159(11)∶1410-1428.