构建新型农业经营主体与小农户利益联结机制
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摘要
引导新型农业经营主体与小农户建立稳定有效的利益联结机制,对于促进乡村产业兴旺、农户增收致富至关重要。经过30多年发展,订单合同、专业合作等传统模式仍占主导地位,股份合作、农业产业化联合体等新型模式蓬勃兴起,多种联结方式并存的混合模式日获青睐,农村一二三产业呈深度融合发展态势。利益联结模式的选择,与农产品的行业特性、经营主体的发展阶段、农户的素质条件、农业生产条件以及双方的认识有很大关系。结合国外实践经验,当前要准确把握小农户的发展趋势,尊重新型农业经营主体和小农户的自愿选择,发挥各自优势,并加大政策支持,改善农业生产条件,稳定农村基本经营制度,发展适度规模经营,建立正向激励和失信名单机制,进一步优化指导服务,进一步密切新型农业经营主体和小农户的利益联结机制。
It is very important to guide the new types of agribusiness and small household farmers to establish a stable and effective benefit affiliating mechanism for promoting the rural businesses and increasing rural incomes. After more than 30 years of development,traditional modes such as order-based agriculture and professional cooperation still dominate. New modes such as joint-stock cooperation and agricultural industrial alliance are flourishing. Mixed modes within which multiple modes coexist are increasingly favored,and the integrated development of the primary,secondary,and tertiary industries in rural areas has picked up pace. The choice of the mode of benefit affiliating mechanism is closely related to the industrial characteristics of agricultural products,the stage of development of the agribusiness,the quality of farmers,the conditions of agricultural production and the understanding of both sides. Combining with the practical experience of foreign countries,we should accurately grasp the development trend of small household farmers,respect the independent choice from the new types of agribusiness and small household farmers,bring their advantages to the full,increase policy support,improve agricultural production conditions,consolidate the basic rural operation system,develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations of various forms,establish a positive incentive and dishonest-list mechanism,further optimize guidance services,and further develop the close benefit affiliating mechanism of new types of agribusiness and small household farmers.
It is very important to guide the new types of agribusiness and small household farmers to establish a stable and effective benefit affiliating mechanism for promoting the rural businesses and increasing rural incomes. After more than 30 years of development,traditional modes such as order-based agriculture and professional cooperation still dominate. New modes such as joint-stock cooperation and agricultural industrial alliance are flourishing. Mixed modes within which multiple modes coexist are increasingly favored,and the integrated development of the primary,secondary,and tertiary industries in rural areas has picked up pace. The choice of the mode of benefit affiliating mechanism is closely related to the industrial characteristics of agricultural products,the stage of development of the agribusiness,the quality of farmers,the conditions of agricultural production and the understanding of both sides. Combining with the practical experience of foreign countries,we should accurately grasp the development trend of small household farmers,respect the independent choice from the new types of agribusiness and small household farmers,bring their advantages to the full,increase policy support,improve agricultural production conditions,consolidate the basic rural operation system,develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations of various forms,establish a positive incentive and dishonest-list mechanism,further optimize guidance services,and further develop the close benefit affiliating mechanism of new types of agribusiness and small household farmers.
引文
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(1)数据来源于联合国粮农组织粮食安全和营养高级别专家组2013年6月报告《投资小农农业,促进粮食安全》。
[2]李晓俐,陈阳.德国农业、农村发展模式及对我国的启示.农业展望,2010(3):50-53
[3]张红宇.巴西农民收入支持政策及启示.世界农业,2004(10):32-35
[4]段禄峰.欧美农业合作社发展历程及经验启示.世界农业,2018(1):37-42
[5]王军.北美农业合作社发展新动向及其启示.中国农业大学学报,2014(3):269-274
[6]周衍平,陈会英,赵瑞莹.对德国农业协会的系统考察.中国农村经济,2007(8):71-80
[7]赵霞,姜利娜.荷兰发展现代化农业对促进中国农村一二三产业融合的启示.世界农业,2016(11):21-24
[8]佟春霞.美国农夫市场的复兴与小型农场的发展.农村经济,2014(6):125-129
[9]丁学东.西班牙农业保险政策及对我们的启示.农业经济问题,2005(8):75-78
[10]马凯,赵海.德国扶持农业经营主体的措施及启示.农村工作通讯,2015(14):61-63
[11]冯忠富.国际农村合作金融发展经验及其启示.中国农村经济,2001(5):72-78
[12]何迪.美国、日本、德国农业信息化发展比较与经验借鉴.世界农业,2017(3):164-170
[13]郭永田.充分利用信息技术推动现代农业发展---澳大利亚农业信息化及其对我国的启示.华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(2):1-8
(1)数据来源于联合国粮农组织粮食安全和营养高级别专家组2013年6月报告《投资小农农业,促进粮食安全》。