专业种植大户迫切需要的农业社会化服务是什么?——基于对黑龙江省的调查
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摘要
伴随农业生产向专业分工、社会化协作方式转变,农业社会化服务对农业生产发挥越来越重要的作用,充分掌握农业社会化服务的主体需求性,并系统分析影响需求的决定因素,是实现农业现代化的关键。鉴于此,本文基于农户行为理论,以黑龙江省专业种植大户为研究对象,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析专业种植大户对农业社会化服务的需求,探讨其需求的影响因素。结果表明,专业种植大户对农业社会化服务需求意愿较为强烈,且最迫切需要的农业社会化服务分别是农业信息服务、农业生产资料供应服务和农业技术服务3项,需求率分别为56.88%、56.61%和54.76%。性别、受教育程度、务农劳动力规模、农地规模、土地细碎化程度、种植收入占比、对现有服务的评价、是否担任村干部、是否加入合作社、是否参加过农业培训对农业社会化服务需求有正向影响,年龄、务农劳动力是否兼业对农业社会化服务需求有负向影响。因此,提出要创新服务供给形式、注重契合主体需要,统筹各类农户主体特征、兼顾不同主体需求满意度,巩固农民专业合作社发展地位、完善农民专业合作社服务功能等政策建议。
With the transformation of agricultural production to specialized division of labor and professional cooperation, agricultural professional services play an increasingly important role in agricultural production. The key to realize agricultural modernization is to understand the main demand of agricultural professional services and to systematically analyze the influencing factors. Based on the farmer behavior theory, this paper analyzed the demand of specialized crop growers for agricultural professional services and the influencing factors of demand by a binary logistic regression model in Heilongjiang Province. Results show that specialized crop growers had burning desires for agricultural professional services, especially agricultural information services, agricultural production materials supply services, and agricultural technology services with the rate of 56.88%, 56.61% and 54.76%, respectively. Some positive influencing factors include gender being male, education level, scale of farming labor force, scale of farmland, degree of land fragmentation, proportion of planting income, evaluation of existing services, serving as village officials, being a member of a cooperatives, and participating in agricultural training. Some native factors are age and holding a parttime job. Therefore, this paper provides the following policy suggestions: to innovate service supply channels, to focus on meeting the needs of the main body needing the services, to coordinate different suppliers of professional services,to consolidate the different farmers' professional cooperatives, and to develop and improve the service functions of farmers' professional cooperatives.
With the transformation of agricultural production to specialized division of labor and professional cooperation, agricultural professional services play an increasingly important role in agricultural production. The key to realize agricultural modernization is to understand the main demand of agricultural professional services and to systematically analyze the influencing factors. Based on the farmer behavior theory, this paper analyzed the demand of specialized crop growers for agricultural professional services and the influencing factors of demand by a binary logistic regression model in Heilongjiang Province. Results show that specialized crop growers had burning desires for agricultural professional services, especially agricultural information services, agricultural production materials supply services, and agricultural technology services with the rate of 56.88%, 56.61% and 54.76%, respectively. Some positive influencing factors include gender being male, education level, scale of farming labor force, scale of farmland, degree of land fragmentation, proportion of planting income, evaluation of existing services, serving as village officials, being a member of a cooperatives, and participating in agricultural training. Some native factors are age and holding a parttime job. Therefore, this paper provides the following policy suggestions: to innovate service supply channels, to focus on meeting the needs of the main body needing the services, to coordinate different suppliers of professional services,to consolidate the different farmers' professional cooperatives, and to develop and improve the service functions of farmers' professional cooperatives.
引文
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[4]孙少岩,郭扬.健全农业社会化服务体系助推乡村振兴战略--土地收益保证贷款相关理论及实践问题探讨[J].商业研究,2018(11):7-11.Sun S Y,Guo Y.Improve agricultural socialization service system and promote rural revitalization strategy:On the theory and practice of land income guarantee loan[J].Commercial Research,2018(11):7-11.
[5]何安华,孔祥智.农民专业合作社对成员服务供需对接的结构性失衡问题研究[J].农村经济,2011(8):6-9.He A H,Kong X Z.A study on the structural imbalance of peasant specialized cooperatives’docking of service supply and demand[J].Rural Economy,2011(8):6-9.
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[7]云振宇,刘文,孙昭,等.浅析我国农业社会化服务标准体系的构建与实施[J].农业现代化研究,2014,35(6):685-689.Yun Z Y,Liu W,Sun Z,et al.Construction and implementation of China’s socialized agricultural service standard system[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2014,35(6):685-689.
[8]李俏,王建华.农业社会化服务中的政府角色:转型与优化[J].贵州社会科学,2013(1):109-113.Li Q,Wang J H.Government’s role in agricultural socialized services:Transformation and optimization[J].Guizhou Social Sciences,2013(1):109-113.
[9]Hansmann H B.The role of nonprofit enterprise[J].The Yale Law Journal,1980,89(5):835-901.
[10]夏蓓,蒋乃华.种粮大户需要农业社会化服务吗--基于江苏省扬州地区264个样本农户的调查[J].农业技术经济,2016(8):15-24.Xia B,Jiang N H.Does big grain growers need agricultural socialized services:A survey of 264 sample farmers in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2016(8):15-24.
[11]王钊,刘晗,曹峥林.农业社会化服务需求分析--基于重庆市191户农户的样本调查[J].农业技术经济,2015(9):17-26.Wang Z,Liu H,Cao Z H.Demand analysis of agricultural socialized services:A sample survey of 191 farmers in Chongqing[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2015(9):17-26.
[12]尹军军,余国新.新疆家庭农场对农业技术服务需求及影响因素研究[J].北方园艺,2018(18):172-179.Yin J J,Yu G X.Study on demand and influencing factors of agricultural technology service in family farm of Xinjiang[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(18):172-179.
[13]韩旭东,杨慧莲,郑风田.乡村振兴背景下新型农业经营主体的信息化发展[J].改革,2018(10):120-130.Han X D,Yang H L,Zheng F T.Informatization development of new agricultural management entities under the background of rural revitalization[J].Reform,2018(10):120-130.
[14]陈晋丽,于丽红,兰庆高.农户土地经营权抵押贷款需求意愿影响因素分析--基于辽宁省385个农户的调查[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(7):214-218,227.Chen J L,Yu L H,Lan Q G.Influence factors of farmers’willingness to rural land management right mortgage:Based on a survey of 385 farmers in Liaoning Province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(7):214-218,227.
[15]李莎莎,朱一鸣,马骥.农户对测土配方施肥技术认知差异及影响因素分析--基于11个粮食主产省2172户农户的调查[J].统计与信息论坛,2015,30(7):94-100.Li S S,Zhu Y M,Ma J.Analysis on the cognitive differences on soil testing and formulated fertilization technology and its reason:Based on the survey of 2172 farmer household from 11provinces[J].Statistics&Information Forum,2015,30(7):94-100.
[16]王景旭,齐振宏,杨凡.农户对水稻主要技术需求及其影响因素的实证研究--以湖北省为例[J].农村经济,2010(10):32-36.Wang J X,Qi Z H,Yang F.An empirical study on farmers’main technical demand for rice and its influencing factors:A case study of Hubei Province[J].Rural Economy,2010(10):32-36.
[17]罗小锋,向潇潇,李容容.种植大户最迫切需求的农业社会化服务是什么[J].农业技术经济,2016(5):4-12.Luo X F,Xiang X X,Li R R.What is the most urgent agricultural socialization service for large farmers[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2016(5):4-12.
[18]郇笑,潘伟光,李林.浙江省规模农户水稻烘干环节采用社会化服务行为研究[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(4):661-665.Xun X,Pan W G,Li L.Study on the effects of rice drying process on the adoption of agricultural custom service in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2018,59(4):661-665.
[19]周娟.土地流转背景下农业社会化服务体系的重构与小农的困境[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(6):141-145,166.Zhou J.The dual division of agricultural socialization service and its consequences under the background of land circulation[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2017,17(6):141-145,166.
[20]西奥多·W·舒尔茨.报酬递增的源泉[M].姚志勇,刘群艺,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2001.Schultz T W.Origins of Increasing Returns[M].Wiley-Blackwell,1993.
[21]西奥多·W·舒尔茨.改造传统农业[M].梁小民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1999.Schultz T W.Transforming Traditional Agriculture[M].Yale University Press,1964.
[22]恰亚诺夫.农民经济组织[M].萧正红,译.北京:中央编译出版社,1996.Chayanov A V.The Theory of Peasant Economy[M].Home Wood American Economic Association,1966.
[23]黄宗智.华北的小农经济与社会变迁[M].北京:中华书局,1986.Huang Z Z.The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China[M].Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1986.
[24]杨豆.苹果种植户技术服务需求研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2017.Yang D.Apple Growers’Demand for Technology Service[D].Shaanxi:Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2017.
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