宁夏粮食产业新型经营主体效益状况及对策
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摘要
在种粮效益不断走低的背景下,为寻找新型粮食经营主体提高效益和可持续发展之路,依据家庭农场名录数据和问卷调查数据,对宁夏粮食产业家庭农场和合作社的经营效益、种粮意愿及与普通农户之间的差异进行了比较和分析。结果表明,除设施蔬菜的资金生产率较低外,经济作物的单位面积效益、劳均效益以及成本利润率均高于粮食作物;家庭农场在土地生产率、资金生产率和劳动生产率方面均一定程度上高于合作社,但合作社的规模效益较高,为社员和农户提供的就业机会较多,社会效益较高;70%以上合作社和家庭农场都会在下一年继续坚持种粮,剩余的则选择不再种粮或不确定;自己开发土地的家庭农场对种植粮食的满意度、愿意度、选择度高于流转土地的家庭农场;新型经营主体在户均净收入、人均净收入上远高于普通农户,但在单位面积净收入上,低于普通农户。应采取下列措施促进粮食产业新型经营主体可持续发展:引导新型经营主体合理调整种植结构;引导农户合理收取土地流转费;政府扶持资金应具有公平性;解决好部分经营主体存在的土地经营权属纠纷问题;重视粮食产业新型经营主体晒场、仓库等设施的配套完善;引导家庭农场和合作社向各自不同的正确方向发展。
In the context of the continuous decline in the efficiency of growing grain,in order to find a high efficiency and sustainable development path for new types of grain business entities, based on the family farm directory data and questionnaire data, an analysis and comparison were made in the paper about the operational benefits, the willingness to grow grain and the differences in benefits and efficiency between the family farms, cooperatives and the ordinary farmers in Ningxia food industry.The results showed that in addition to the low capital productivity of greenhouse vegetables, the per-area benefit, per-labor benefit, and cost-benefit ratios of cash crops were higher than those of food crops;family farms were somewhat higher than cooperatives in terms of land productivity, capital productivity and labor productivity. However, cooperatives had higher scale benefits, providing more employment opportunities for members and farmers, and had higher social benefits;more than 70% of cooperatives and family farms would continue to insist on growing grain in the next year, while the rest choose not to grow grain or not decided. It was determined that the family farms that develop their own land had higher satisfaction, willingness, and choice of growing grain than the family farms that transfer land;the new business entities had much higher net income per household and per capita net income than ordinary farmers, but the per-area net income was lower than that of ordinary farmers.Some measures should be taken for promoting the sustainable development of new type of business entities in the grain industry:guide the new business entities to rationally adjust the planting structure;guide the farmers to collect the land transfer fee reasonably;the government support funds should be fair;solve the problem of land management ownership disputes of some business entities;pay attention to that the new business entities of the grain industry are well-equipped in the facilities such as the drying yards, warehouses, etc.;the family farms and cooperatives are guided to develop in different correct directions.
In the context of the continuous decline in the efficiency of growing grain,in order to find a high efficiency and sustainable development path for new types of grain business entities, based on the family farm directory data and questionnaire data, an analysis and comparison were made in the paper about the operational benefits, the willingness to grow grain and the differences in benefits and efficiency between the family farms, cooperatives and the ordinary farmers in Ningxia food industry.The results showed that in addition to the low capital productivity of greenhouse vegetables, the per-area benefit, per-labor benefit, and cost-benefit ratios of cash crops were higher than those of food crops;family farms were somewhat higher than cooperatives in terms of land productivity, capital productivity and labor productivity. However, cooperatives had higher scale benefits, providing more employment opportunities for members and farmers, and had higher social benefits;more than 70% of cooperatives and family farms would continue to insist on growing grain in the next year, while the rest choose not to grow grain or not decided. It was determined that the family farms that develop their own land had higher satisfaction, willingness, and choice of growing grain than the family farms that transfer land;the new business entities had much higher net income per household and per capita net income than ordinary farmers, but the per-area net income was lower than that of ordinary farmers.Some measures should be taken for promoting the sustainable development of new type of business entities in the grain industry:guide the new business entities to rationally adjust the planting structure;guide the farmers to collect the land transfer fee reasonably;the government support funds should be fair;solve the problem of land management ownership disputes of some business entities;pay attention to that the new business entities of the grain industry are well-equipped in the facilities such as the drying yards, warehouses, etc.;the family farms and cooperatives are guided to develop in different correct directions.
引文
[1] 张治华,朱万宁.效益不断走低背景下农户种粮意愿及对策分析[J].农业科学研究,2018(3):69-73.
[2] 王景新,郭红东,车裕斌,等.新型粮食生产经营主体培育[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[3] 唐娟莉.农户种粮意愿影响因素分析:来自陕西520户农户调查数据的实证[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(4):438-444.
[4] 张慧琴,马凤才,尹立春.粮食主产区农户种粮意愿及影响因素分析:基于黑龙江省种粮农户的调查[J].广东农业科学, 2014(20):211-215.
[5] 李韬.粮食补贴政策增强了农户种粮意愿吗?——基于农户的视角[J].中央财经大学学报,2014(5):86-94.
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[7] 张治华,薛里图.宁夏粮食生产比较效益及其影响因素研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(21):4183-4187,4216.
[8] 周清明.农户种粮意愿的影响因素分析[J].农业技术经济,2009(5):25-30.
[9] 靳庭良.粮食主产区农户种粮意愿及其影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2013(17):91-95.
[10] 曾福生,戴鹏.农户种粮选择行为影响因素分析[J].技术经济,2012,31(2):80-86.
[11] 张治华,张添,薛里图.宁夏粮食生产比较优势研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2016,57(10):53-57.
[12] 张治华.宁夏粮食生产力布局结构演变及调整对策研究[J].粮食问题研究,2018(1):17-24.
[2] 王景新,郭红东,车裕斌,等.新型粮食生产经营主体培育[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[3] 唐娟莉.农户种粮意愿影响因素分析:来自陕西520户农户调查数据的实证[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(4):438-444.
[4] 张慧琴,马凤才,尹立春.粮食主产区农户种粮意愿及影响因素分析:基于黑龙江省种粮农户的调查[J].广东农业科学, 2014(20):211-215.
[5] 李韬.粮食补贴政策增强了农户种粮意愿吗?——基于农户的视角[J].中央财经大学学报,2014(5):86-94.
[6] 顾莉丽,郭庆海.农户种粮意愿影响因素分析:基于吉林农户的调查[J].调研世界,2013(9):34-36.
[7] 张治华,薛里图.宁夏粮食生产比较效益及其影响因素研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(21):4183-4187,4216.
[8] 周清明.农户种粮意愿的影响因素分析[J].农业技术经济,2009(5):25-30.
[9] 靳庭良.粮食主产区农户种粮意愿及其影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2013(17):91-95.
[10] 曾福生,戴鹏.农户种粮选择行为影响因素分析[J].技术经济,2012,31(2):80-86.
[11] 张治华,张添,薛里图.宁夏粮食生产比较优势研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2016,57(10):53-57.
[12] 张治华.宁夏粮食生产力布局结构演变及调整对策研究[J].粮食问题研究,2018(1):17-24.