习近平农村市场化与农民组织化理论及其实践——统筹推进农村“三变”和“三位一体”综合合作改革
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摘要
贵州等地发端的农村"三变",亦即"资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东"改革,充分激活城乡发展要素,有力印证了习近平农村市场化,特别是要素市场化理论。习近平同志提出,"要走组织化的农村市场化发展路子",把农村市场化与农民组织化在理论上内在贯通。这也为浙江等地发端的农民专业合作、供销合作、信用合作"三位一体"实践所证明。上述"三变"与"三位一体"2017年同时进入中央一号文件,分别出现在不同章节里面,可谓暗藏伏笔。两者是内在联系、辩证统一的,尚需统筹推进。十九大报告提出了"小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接",为此更要健全以合作经济组织为本的社会化服务体系,追求服务带动型的规模经营。小农大合作,有赖于"三位一体"的综合合作,以及相应的行政体系改革,打破农村经济发展的条块分割。
The "Three Changes"Reform(resources change into capital,fund changes into share capital and peasants change into shareholder)initiated in Guizhou P rovince and other places in an attempt to activate the rural-urban development factors is a verification of Xi Jinping's Theory on rural marketization,especially on element marketization.As Xi Jinping pointed out,we should take the path of organized rural marketization development,and conduct an integrated theorisation on the rural marketization and peasants organization,which had been confirmed in the"Trinity Cooperation System"of peasants professional cooperative,supply and marketing cooperative and credit cooperative as pioneered in Zhejiang P rovince and other areas.The rural"Three Changes"and"Trinity Cooperation System"were covered in some chapters of the No.One Document of the Central Committee in 2017,an anticipatory sign for later reforms.The two reform systems are of an interrelation of dialectical unity and therefore should be balanced in their promotion.The 19 th CP C National Congress Report pointed out that the small-size rural household and the modern agricultural development should be organically connected,and for this purpose,a socialized service system based on cooperative economic organization should be enhanced to pursue a service-promoted scale management.Big cooperative by small rural household depends on the comprehensive cooperation through"Trinity System".
The "Three Changes"Reform(resources change into capital,fund changes into share capital and peasants change into shareholder)initiated in Guizhou P rovince and other places in an attempt to activate the rural-urban development factors is a verification of Xi Jinping's Theory on rural marketization,especially on element marketization.As Xi Jinping pointed out,we should take the path of organized rural marketization development,and conduct an integrated theorisation on the rural marketization and peasants organization,which had been confirmed in the"Trinity Cooperation System"of peasants professional cooperative,supply and marketing cooperative and credit cooperative as pioneered in Zhejiang P rovince and other areas.The rural"Three Changes"and"Trinity Cooperation System"were covered in some chapters of the No.One Document of the Central Committee in 2017,an anticipatory sign for later reforms.The two reform systems are of an interrelation of dialectical unity and therefore should be balanced in their promotion.The 19 th CP C National Congress Report pointed out that the small-size rural household and the modern agricultural development should be organically connected,and for this purpose,a socialized service system based on cooperative economic organization should be enhanced to pursue a service-promoted scale management.Big cooperative by small rural household depends on the comprehensive cooperation through"Trinity System".
引文
[1]梁言顺.系统学习习近平总书记十八大前后关于社会主义市场经济的重要论述[N/OL].学习时报,(2015-02-09).http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-02/09/c_127474234.htm
[2]习近平.农村市场化:加快农村经济发展的关键环节[N/OL].人民日报,(2002-04-28).http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/OP-c/141106.htm.
[3]习近平.中国农村市场化建设研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2001:5.
[4]陈敏尔.扎实推进农村三变改革,充分激活城乡发展要素[M]//六盘水“三变”改革:中国农村改革的新路探索.北京:人民出版社,2016.
[5]习近平.中国农村市场化研究[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[6]中央党校农村改革调查课题组.中国农村改革发展的新探索——贵州省六盘水市“三变”改革工作调查[J].中国党政干部论坛.2016(11).
[7]习近平.健全城乡发展一体化体制机制让广大农民共享改革发展成果[EB/OL].(2015-05-01).http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-05/01/c_1115153876.htm.
[8]习近平在中央扶贫开发工作会议上强调脱贫攻坚战冲锋号已经吹响全党全国咬定目标苦干实干[EB/OL].(2015-11-28).http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-11/28/c_1117292150.htm.
[9]李再勇.“三变”深化农村改革的哲学实践与思考[M]//六盘水“三变”改革:中国农村改革的新路探索.北京:人民出版社,2016.
[10]中央农办调研组.万变不离其宗:打造“股份农民”——贵州六盘水“三变”改革调研[N/OL].农民日报,(2016-12-29).http://szb.farmer.com.cn/nmrb/html/2016-12/29/nw.D110000nmrb_20161229_7-02.htm?div=-1.
[11]陈曦.陈敏尔在省政府常务会议上强调深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要指示精神推动现代山地特色高效农业又好又快发展[N].贵州日报,2015-07-01.
[12]全国农村集体产权制度改革座谈会在我市召开[N/OL].六盘水日报,(2015-08-26).http://epaper.lpswz.com/lpsrb/html/2015-08/26/content_308042.htm.
[13]陈敏尔.抓紧抓牢三农工作扎实推进精准扶贫[N/OL].金黔在线-贵州日报,(2013-12-31).http://news.gog.cn/system/2013/12/31/013040972.shtml.
[14]王珲.省调研组到我市调研“三变”改革工作[N/OL].六盘水日报,(2015-09-26).http://epaper.lpswz.com/lpsrb/html/2015-09/26/content_311717.htm.
[15]哲平.建立强大的农业组织体系[EB/OL].(2006-05-15).http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-05-15/05108925116s.shtml.
[16]习近平.加快福建现代农业发展步伐(代序)[M]//习近平.现代农业理论与实践.福州:福建教育出版社,1999:4.
[17]屈冬玉.以信息化加快推进小农现代化[N].人民日报,2017-06-05(07).
[18]孔祥智.健全农业社会化服务体系,实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].农业经济与管理,2017(12).
[19]王婧.环境视角下的“传统小农”和“新中农”现象——基于南方稻作区黔、皖若干农户的微观行为考察[J].南京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(2).
[20]习近平.农村市场化:加快农村经济发展的关键环节[N].人民日报,(2002-04-28).http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/OP-c/141106.htm.
[21]徐祥临.2017年中央一号文件的最大亮点:三位一体.[EB/OL].(2017-03-02).北京市委宣传部宣讲家网,http://app.71.cn/print.php?contentid=937285.
[22]西奥多W舒尔茨.改造传统农业[M].梁小民,译.北京:商务印书馆,2007:95.
(1)“并尝试允许农民以土地经营权入股”这句话,在2001年7月人民出版社出版的《中国农村市场化建设研究》里面没有,而出现在2001年12月提交的清华大学博士论文《中国农村市场化研究》中,显然是作者经过深思熟虑后特别加上去的。
(1)这段话在他2001年7月人民出版社出版的专著中尚未出现,显然是进一步深思熟虑的结果。
(1)与美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国等平均规模达到100~200公顷的农场相比,我国的新型农业主体经营规模偏小。另外,目前,我国农垦企业经营耕地面积9300多万亩,占全国耕地总面积的4.6%。
[2]习近平.农村市场化:加快农村经济发展的关键环节[N/OL].人民日报,(2002-04-28).http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/OP-c/141106.htm.
[3]习近平.中国农村市场化建设研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2001:5.
[4]陈敏尔.扎实推进农村三变改革,充分激活城乡发展要素[M]//六盘水“三变”改革:中国农村改革的新路探索.北京:人民出版社,2016.
[5]习近平.中国农村市场化研究[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[6]中央党校农村改革调查课题组.中国农村改革发展的新探索——贵州省六盘水市“三变”改革工作调查[J].中国党政干部论坛.2016(11).
[7]习近平.健全城乡发展一体化体制机制让广大农民共享改革发展成果[EB/OL].(2015-05-01).http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-05/01/c_1115153876.htm.
[8]习近平在中央扶贫开发工作会议上强调脱贫攻坚战冲锋号已经吹响全党全国咬定目标苦干实干[EB/OL].(2015-11-28).http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-11/28/c_1117292150.htm.
[9]李再勇.“三变”深化农村改革的哲学实践与思考[M]//六盘水“三变”改革:中国农村改革的新路探索.北京:人民出版社,2016.
[10]中央农办调研组.万变不离其宗:打造“股份农民”——贵州六盘水“三变”改革调研[N/OL].农民日报,(2016-12-29).http://szb.farmer.com.cn/nmrb/html/2016-12/29/nw.D110000nmrb_20161229_7-02.htm?div=-1.
[11]陈曦.陈敏尔在省政府常务会议上强调深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要指示精神推动现代山地特色高效农业又好又快发展[N].贵州日报,2015-07-01.
[12]全国农村集体产权制度改革座谈会在我市召开[N/OL].六盘水日报,(2015-08-26).http://epaper.lpswz.com/lpsrb/html/2015-08/26/content_308042.htm.
[13]陈敏尔.抓紧抓牢三农工作扎实推进精准扶贫[N/OL].金黔在线-贵州日报,(2013-12-31).http://news.gog.cn/system/2013/12/31/013040972.shtml.
[14]王珲.省调研组到我市调研“三变”改革工作[N/OL].六盘水日报,(2015-09-26).http://epaper.lpswz.com/lpsrb/html/2015-09/26/content_311717.htm.
[15]哲平.建立强大的农业组织体系[EB/OL].(2006-05-15).http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-05-15/05108925116s.shtml.
[16]习近平.加快福建现代农业发展步伐(代序)[M]//习近平.现代农业理论与实践.福州:福建教育出版社,1999:4.
[17]屈冬玉.以信息化加快推进小农现代化[N].人民日报,2017-06-05(07).
[18]孔祥智.健全农业社会化服务体系,实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].农业经济与管理,2017(12).
[19]王婧.环境视角下的“传统小农”和“新中农”现象——基于南方稻作区黔、皖若干农户的微观行为考察[J].南京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(2).
[20]习近平.农村市场化:加快农村经济发展的关键环节[N].人民日报,(2002-04-28).http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/OP-c/141106.htm.
[21]徐祥临.2017年中央一号文件的最大亮点:三位一体.[EB/OL].(2017-03-02).北京市委宣传部宣讲家网,http://app.71.cn/print.php?contentid=937285.
[22]西奥多W舒尔茨.改造传统农业[M].梁小民,译.北京:商务印书馆,2007:95.
(1)“并尝试允许农民以土地经营权入股”这句话,在2001年7月人民出版社出版的《中国农村市场化建设研究》里面没有,而出现在2001年12月提交的清华大学博士论文《中国农村市场化研究》中,显然是作者经过深思熟虑后特别加上去的。
(1)这段话在他2001年7月人民出版社出版的专著中尚未出现,显然是进一步深思熟虑的结果。
(1)与美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国等平均规模达到100~200公顷的农场相比,我国的新型农业主体经营规模偏小。另外,目前,我国农垦企业经营耕地面积9300多万亩,占全国耕地总面积的4.6%。