不同混交模式下降香黄檀人工林树冠结构与黑痣病发生关系的研究
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摘要
调查不同混交模式下降香黄檀树冠结构指标和黑痣病发病情况,分析树冠结构指标和黑痣病的关系,筛选出防控黑痣病的主要树冠结构指标。结果如下:降香黄檀黑痣病病情指数与枝下高(Hub)、叶面积指数(LAI)呈显著正相关性,与冠长树高比(PLCH)、冠幅(W)、树冠表面积(CSA)、单株叶面积总数(TLA)呈极显著负相关,一级分枝粗度(Dfb)、一级分枝角度(Afb)、冠形率(CSR)、冠层密度(CLD)与病情指数相关性不显著;树冠表面积(CSA)与病情指数相关系数最大。通径分析表明各树冠结构指标对病情指数直接作用结果如下:正向作用程度从大到小顺序为LAI、W、CSR、Dfb、Afb;负向作用程度从大到小顺序为PLCH、CLD、CSA、TLA、Hub。由决策系数可得,对黑痣病有防控作用的各树冠结构指标从大到小顺序为CLD、PLCH、LAI、Hub、W、TLA、CSR、CSA、Dfb、Afb。综合分析可得,PLCH和W对黑痣病的相对重要性适中,与病情指数呈显著负相关,与混交模式呈极显著正相关,所以选取PLCH和W作为黑痣病生态调控的主要树冠结构指标。
The relationship between the crown structure index of Dalbergia odorifera and the occurrence of Phyllachora dalbergiicola was analyzed and several effective indexes for controlling the disease were selected.The results showed that the disease index of Phyllachora dalbergiicola had highly significant positive correlation with height under branch(Hub)and leaf area index(LAI),but the highly significant negative correlation with crown length/tree height ratio(PLCH),crown width(W),crown surface area(CSA),total plant leaf area(TLA),and it had no significant correlation with first-grade branch diameter(Dfb),first-grade branch angle(Afb),crown shape ratio(CSR),crown layer density(CLD).Crown surface area(CSA)had the maximum correlation coefficient to the disease index.The path analysis showed the positive effect of each crown structure index on disease followed from high to low was LAI、W、CSR、Dfb、Afb.and negative effect was PLCH、CLD、CSA、TLA、Hub.Based on the decision-making coefficient the effect of crown structure indexes in the control of the disease were CLD,PLCH,LAI,Hub,W,TLA,CSR,CSA,Dfb,Afbfrom high to low.According to comprehensive analysis,crown length/tree height ratio(PLCH)and crown width(W)displayed significant negative correlation with the disease index and the highly significant positive correlation with the mixed pattern,so PLCHand W were selected as the crown structure indexes for ecological control of Phyllachora dalbergiicola.
The relationship between the crown structure index of Dalbergia odorifera and the occurrence of Phyllachora dalbergiicola was analyzed and several effective indexes for controlling the disease were selected.The results showed that the disease index of Phyllachora dalbergiicola had highly significant positive correlation with height under branch(Hub)and leaf area index(LAI),but the highly significant negative correlation with crown length/tree height ratio(PLCH),crown width(W),crown surface area(CSA),total plant leaf area(TLA),and it had no significant correlation with first-grade branch diameter(Dfb),first-grade branch angle(Afb),crown shape ratio(CSR),crown layer density(CLD).Crown surface area(CSA)had the maximum correlation coefficient to the disease index.The path analysis showed the positive effect of each crown structure index on disease followed from high to low was LAI、W、CSR、Dfb、Afb.and negative effect was PLCH、CLD、CSA、TLA、Hub.Based on the decision-making coefficient the effect of crown structure indexes in the control of the disease were CLD,PLCH,LAI,Hub,W,TLA,CSR,CSA,Dfb,Afbfrom high to low.According to comprehensive analysis,crown length/tree height ratio(PLCH)and crown width(W)displayed significant negative correlation with the disease index and the highly significant positive correlation with the mixed pattern,so PLCHand W were selected as the crown structure indexes for ecological control of Phyllachora dalbergiicola.
引文
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[9]李美美,马华冰,宋新英,等.不同修剪措施对成龄‘绿岭′核桃抗腐烂病能力及树势的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(3):61-67.
[10]黄逢龙,焦一杰,张星耀,等.不同立地条件下杨树树冠结构与溃疡病的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(2):72-76.
[11]崔华威,杨艳丽,黎敬涛,等.一种基于Photoshop的叶片相对病斑面积快速测定方法[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(22):10760-10762.
[12]韦宏民,何斌,梁运,等.不同板栗-农间作模式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(3):150-153.
[2]GABEL A W.Host-parasite relations of Phyllachoraspecies on native grasses[J].Mycologia,1989,81(5):702-708.
[3]李晓玲,范静华,张中义.黑痣菌属Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel分类研究进展[J].中国食用菌,1983,3(24):113.
[4]刘倩丽.降香黄檀黑痣病分子诊断、发生规律及无公害防治研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学研究生院,2015.
[5]雷瑞德,党坤良,张硕新,等.秦岭南坡中山地带华北落叶松人工林对土壤的影响[J].林业科学,1997,33(5):463-470.
[6]OLIVER C D,LARSON B C.Forest stand dynamics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1996.
[7]曹永慧,陈存及,李生.间伐对杉莲混交林中乳源木莲树冠结构的影响[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(5):646-653.
[8]刘兆刚,刘继明,李凤日,等.樟子松人工林树冠结构的分形分析[J].植物研究,2005,25(4):465-470.
[9]李美美,马华冰,宋新英,等.不同修剪措施对成龄‘绿岭′核桃抗腐烂病能力及树势的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(3):61-67.
[10]黄逢龙,焦一杰,张星耀,等.不同立地条件下杨树树冠结构与溃疡病的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(2):72-76.
[11]崔华威,杨艳丽,黎敬涛,等.一种基于Photoshop的叶片相对病斑面积快速测定方法[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(22):10760-10762.
[12]韦宏民,何斌,梁运,等.不同板栗-农间作模式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(3):150-153.