闽楠种源家系种质早期生长评估及选择
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摘要
为了解闽楠福建种源在粤北地区的生长适应性并选择适合在该地区推广栽培的种源家系种质,采用方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对广东省乐昌市龙山林场8年生闽楠种源家系试验林18个闽楠福建种源125个家系的树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅和冠形率进行评估和选择。研究结果表明:闽楠5个性状在种源间和家系间均存在极显著差异,在区组间也达到极显著差异(p<0.01)。树高、胸径、单株材积和冠幅两两之间呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。树高与冠形率呈显著正相关(p<0.05),而与种源地纬度呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。主成分分析结果表明,综合排名前5的种源分别是福建清流(FJQL)、福建屏南(FJPN)、福建永安(FJYA)、福建尤溪(FJYX)和福建漳平(FJZP)。闽楠5个性状的聚类分析将18个种源分为3类:第一类综合表现最优,包括福建清流(FJQL)1个种源;第二类综合表现较优,包括福建永安(FJYA)、福建屏南(FJPN)、福建政和(FJZH)、福建邵武(FJSW)、福建漳平(FJZP)、福建尤溪(FJYX)6个种源;第三类较差,包括剩余的11个种源。以单株材积为选择标准,选出排名前20的家系为优良家系。结合主成分分析、聚类分析和入选优良家系的情况,为粤北地区闽楠推广栽培选出了福建永安(FJYA)、福建政和(FJZH)和福建尤溪(FJYX)等3个优良种源、入选的20个优良家系来自于福建清流(FJQL)、福建永安(FJYA)、福建屏南(FJPN)和福建漳平(FJZP)等地。
In order to understand the growth adaptability of Phoebe bournei provenance from Fujian and select suitable germplasm for popularization and cultivation in the north of Guangdong, the tree height, DBH, single plant volume, crown width and crown rate of 125 families from 18 different Phoebe bournei provenances of8-year-old Phoebe bournei families test forest in Lechang City, Guangdong Province were evaluated and selected by methods of variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences both among provenances and among families. The 5 traits of Phoebe bournei were highly significantly difference(p<0.01). The tree height, DBH, single volume and canopyhad significant positive correlation with each other(p<0.01). The height of the tree was positively correlated with the crownrate(p<0.05), and negatively correlated with the latitude of provenance(p<0.05). The results of principal component analysis indicated that the comprehensive ranking top 5 provenances were Fujian Qingliu(FJQL),Fujian Pingnan(FJPN), Fujian Yongan(FJYA), Fujian Youxi(FJYX) and Fujian Zhangping(FJZP), respectively.The cluster analysis of 5 traits of Phoebe bournei divided the 18 provenances into 3 categories: the best performance was FJQL only, the second type were FJYA, FJPN, FJZH, FJSW, FJZP and FJYX. The third category included the remaining 11 provenances with poor comprehensive characters. The top 20 pedigrees were selected as excellent families by taking the volume of single plant as the selection criterion. Based on the principal component analysis,cluster analysis and selection of excellent pedigree, 3 provenances, namely FJYA, FJZH and FJQL, were selected as germplasms for Phoebe bournei cultivation in northern Guangdong.
In order to understand the growth adaptability of Phoebe bournei provenance from Fujian and select suitable germplasm for popularization and cultivation in the north of Guangdong, the tree height, DBH, single plant volume, crown width and crown rate of 125 families from 18 different Phoebe bournei provenances of8-year-old Phoebe bournei families test forest in Lechang City, Guangdong Province were evaluated and selected by methods of variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences both among provenances and among families. The 5 traits of Phoebe bournei were highly significantly difference(p<0.01). The tree height, DBH, single volume and canopyhad significant positive correlation with each other(p<0.01). The height of the tree was positively correlated with the crownrate(p<0.05), and negatively correlated with the latitude of provenance(p<0.05). The results of principal component analysis indicated that the comprehensive ranking top 5 provenances were Fujian Qingliu(FJQL),Fujian Pingnan(FJPN), Fujian Yongan(FJYA), Fujian Youxi(FJYX) and Fujian Zhangping(FJZP), respectively.The cluster analysis of 5 traits of Phoebe bournei divided the 18 provenances into 3 categories: the best performance was FJQL only, the second type were FJYA, FJPN, FJZH, FJSW, FJZP and FJYX. The third category included the remaining 11 provenances with poor comprehensive characters. The top 20 pedigrees were selected as excellent families by taking the volume of single plant as the selection criterion. Based on the principal component analysis,cluster analysis and selection of excellent pedigree, 3 provenances, namely FJYA, FJZH and FJQL, were selected as germplasms for Phoebe bournei cultivation in northern Guangdong.
引文
An C.R.,Wei X.L.,Ye J.J.,Wang M.D.,Tian X.X.,and Duan RY.,2015,Interaction effects of temperature and humidity on morphological and physio-biochemistry of Phoebe bournei seedlings,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),30(5):20-27(安常蓉,韦小丽,叶嘉俊,王明丹,田萧肖,段如雁,2015,温湿度交互作用对闽楠幼苗形态和生理生化的影响,西北林学院学报,30(5):20-27)
Chen Q.Z.,2014,Research on growth and biomass of Phoebe bournei under two cultivation styles,Huadong Senlin Jingl(East China Forest Management),28(3):30-33(陈庆忠,2014,两种培育模式下闽楠生长及生物量研究,华东森林经理,28(3):30-33)
Gu W.C.,and Li W.Y.,2007,Analysis and suggestions of benefi sharing policies relating to forest tree germplasm resources in China,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),20(1):66-69(顾万春,李文英,2007,我国林木种质资源共享现状及建议,世界林业研究,20(1):66-69)
Huang Y.,Li J.M.,Fan H.H.,Li B.,and Yao X.M.,2006,Different families growth characteristics and superior families selection in Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang,Shandong Linye Keji(Shangdong Forestry Science and Technology),46(1):1-4(黄宇,李建民,范辉华,刘宝,姚湘民,2016,闽楠不同家系生长性状及优良家系选择,山东林业科技,46(1):1-4)
Jiang X.M.,Wen Q.,Ye J.S.,Xiao F.M.,and Jiang M.,2009,RAPD analysis on genetic diversity in eight natural populations of Phoebe bournei from Fujian and Jiangxi Province,China,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),29(1):438-444(江香梅,温强,叶金山,肖复明,江梅,2009,闽楠天然种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析,生态学报,29(1):438-444)
Jiang S.B.,Zhang Y.,Wei X.L.,Fan H.H.,Xu X.Q.,and Duan R.Y.,2016,Growth and photosynthetic physiology for two groups of Phoebe bournei plus tree seedlings,Zhejiang Nonglin Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang A&F University),33(1):51-59(姜顺邦,张怡,韦小丽,范辉华,徐小琴,段如雁,2016,不同闽楠优树子代苗期生长及光合生理特性比较,浙江农林大学学报,33(1):51-59)
Li R.S.,Yin G.T.,Yang J.C.,Zou W.T.,Liu X.D.,Deng Z.X.,Xie G.M.,and Cheng L.L.,2017,Growth performance and selection of provenances cum families in Phoebe bournei from Fujian province in Guangdong,Zhongnan Linye KejiDaxue Xuebao(Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology),37(6):7-13(李荣生,尹光天,杨锦昌,邹文涛,刘晓东,邓智曦,谢根明,程林林,2017,闽楠福建种源家系在广东的生长表现及其选择,中南林业科技大学学报,37(6):7-13)
Li S.W.,2003,Comprehensive evaluations of various afforestation patterns Phoebe bournei,Jiangxi Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis),25(S):100-103(李生文,2003,闽楠不同培育模式的综合评价,江西农业大学学报,25(S):100-103)
Li T.H.,Wen S.Z.,Peng X.F.,Yu X.L.,and Chen L.M.,2009,Dropping mechanism of the vigor of Phoebe zhennan seeds,Zhongnan Linye Keji Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Central S-outh University of Forestry&Technology),29(5):110-114,135(李铁华,文仕知,彭险峰,喻勋林,陈亮明,2009,楠木种子活力下降机制研究,中南林业科技大学学报,29(5):110-114,135)
Malan F.S.,2015,Family variation in diameter growth and acoustic velocity in three 5-year-old South African grown Pinuselliottii×Pinuscaribaea progeny trials established on three diverse sites,Southern Forests:A Journal of Forest Science,77(4):269-276
Ou J.D.,2015a,Combination selection of excellent families and plus trees of Phoebe bournei,Xinan Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Southwest Forestry University),35(1):33-37(欧建德,2015a,闽楠优良家系和单株的早期综合选择研究西南林业大学学报,35(1):33-37)
Ou J.D.,2015b,N,P,K formulas for fertilization with young Phoebe bournei plantations in Fujian province,Zhejiang N-onglin Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang A&F University),32(1):92-97(欧建德,2015b,福建闽楠人工幼林氮磷钾施肥效应与施肥模式,浙江农林大学学报,32(1)92-97)
Tu Y.H.,Huang X.M.,Lin Z.S.,and Chen Y.,2016,Variation and cluster analysis for growth characters of plus tree progeny of Phoebe bournei,Beihua Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Beihua University(Natural Science Edition)),17(2):240-245(涂育合,黄秀美,林照授,陈宇,2016,闽楠优树子代测定林生长性状差异及聚类分析,北华大学学报(自然科学版),17(2):240-245)
Wang Z.B.,Li X.Q.,Liu C.G.,Sun H.G.,Wang X.F.,and Fang L.J.,2017,Dynamic analysis of relationship among tree height,diameter at the breast height and crown of artificia Sassafras tzumu forest at different development stages,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),36(1):331-339(万志兵,李秀芹,刘成功,孙洪刚,汪小飞,方乐金,2017,不同发育阶段檫木人工林树高、胸径与树冠结构关系的动态关系分析,基因组学与应用生物学,36(1):331-339)
Wu D.R.,and Wang B.S.,2001,Seed and seedling ecology of the endangered Phoebe bournei(Lauraceae),Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),21(11):1751-1760(吴大荣,王伯荪,2001,濒危树种闽楠种子和幼苗生态学研究),生态学报,21(11):1751-1760)
Xie Y.J.,2011,Research progress on Eucalyptus breeding and its strategy in China,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),24(4):50-54(谢耀坚,2011,中国桉树育种研究进展及宏观策略,世界林业研究,24(4):50-54)
Yang X.Y.,and Ji K.S.,2004,Early selection in forest tree improvement,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),17(2):6-8(杨秀艳,季孔庶,2004,林木育种中的早期选择,世界林业研究,17(2):6-8)
Zhang L.N.,Jiang Y.,Zhao S.D.,Kang X.Y.,Zhang W.T.,and Liu T.,2017,Lingering response of radial growth of Piceacrassifolia,to climate at different altitudes in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China,Trees,31(2):455-465
Zheng R.H.,2005,Research advances in genetic breeding of Chinese Fir,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),18(3):63-65(郑仁华,2005,杉木遗传育种研究进展与对策,世界林业研究,18(3):63-65)
Zhou Z.C.,Qin G.F.,Li G.R.,Huang G.L.,Lan Y.Z.,and Zhong D.H.,1997,Achievements,problems and its countermeasures of genetic improvement of Masson Pine,Linye Kexue Yanjiu(Forest Research),10(4):435-442(周志春,秦国峰,李光荣,黄光霖,兰永兆,钟德华,1997,马尾松遗传改良的成就、问题和思考,林业科学研究,10(4):435-442)
Chen Q.Z.,2014,Research on growth and biomass of Phoebe bournei under two cultivation styles,Huadong Senlin Jingl(East China Forest Management),28(3):30-33(陈庆忠,2014,两种培育模式下闽楠生长及生物量研究,华东森林经理,28(3):30-33)
Gu W.C.,and Li W.Y.,2007,Analysis and suggestions of benefi sharing policies relating to forest tree germplasm resources in China,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),20(1):66-69(顾万春,李文英,2007,我国林木种质资源共享现状及建议,世界林业研究,20(1):66-69)
Huang Y.,Li J.M.,Fan H.H.,Li B.,and Yao X.M.,2006,Different families growth characteristics and superior families selection in Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang,Shandong Linye Keji(Shangdong Forestry Science and Technology),46(1):1-4(黄宇,李建民,范辉华,刘宝,姚湘民,2016,闽楠不同家系生长性状及优良家系选择,山东林业科技,46(1):1-4)
Jiang X.M.,Wen Q.,Ye J.S.,Xiao F.M.,and Jiang M.,2009,RAPD analysis on genetic diversity in eight natural populations of Phoebe bournei from Fujian and Jiangxi Province,China,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),29(1):438-444(江香梅,温强,叶金山,肖复明,江梅,2009,闽楠天然种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析,生态学报,29(1):438-444)
Jiang S.B.,Zhang Y.,Wei X.L.,Fan H.H.,Xu X.Q.,and Duan R.Y.,2016,Growth and photosynthetic physiology for two groups of Phoebe bournei plus tree seedlings,Zhejiang Nonglin Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang A&F University),33(1):51-59(姜顺邦,张怡,韦小丽,范辉华,徐小琴,段如雁,2016,不同闽楠优树子代苗期生长及光合生理特性比较,浙江农林大学学报,33(1):51-59)
Li R.S.,Yin G.T.,Yang J.C.,Zou W.T.,Liu X.D.,Deng Z.X.,Xie G.M.,and Cheng L.L.,2017,Growth performance and selection of provenances cum families in Phoebe bournei from Fujian province in Guangdong,Zhongnan Linye KejiDaxue Xuebao(Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology),37(6):7-13(李荣生,尹光天,杨锦昌,邹文涛,刘晓东,邓智曦,谢根明,程林林,2017,闽楠福建种源家系在广东的生长表现及其选择,中南林业科技大学学报,37(6):7-13)
Li S.W.,2003,Comprehensive evaluations of various afforestation patterns Phoebe bournei,Jiangxi Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis),25(S):100-103(李生文,2003,闽楠不同培育模式的综合评价,江西农业大学学报,25(S):100-103)
Li T.H.,Wen S.Z.,Peng X.F.,Yu X.L.,and Chen L.M.,2009,Dropping mechanism of the vigor of Phoebe zhennan seeds,Zhongnan Linye Keji Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Central S-outh University of Forestry&Technology),29(5):110-114,135(李铁华,文仕知,彭险峰,喻勋林,陈亮明,2009,楠木种子活力下降机制研究,中南林业科技大学学报,29(5):110-114,135)
Malan F.S.,2015,Family variation in diameter growth and acoustic velocity in three 5-year-old South African grown Pinuselliottii×Pinuscaribaea progeny trials established on three diverse sites,Southern Forests:A Journal of Forest Science,77(4):269-276
Ou J.D.,2015a,Combination selection of excellent families and plus trees of Phoebe bournei,Xinan Linye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Southwest Forestry University),35(1):33-37(欧建德,2015a,闽楠优良家系和单株的早期综合选择研究西南林业大学学报,35(1):33-37)
Ou J.D.,2015b,N,P,K formulas for fertilization with young Phoebe bournei plantations in Fujian province,Zhejiang N-onglin Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang A&F University),32(1):92-97(欧建德,2015b,福建闽楠人工幼林氮磷钾施肥效应与施肥模式,浙江农林大学学报,32(1)92-97)
Tu Y.H.,Huang X.M.,Lin Z.S.,and Chen Y.,2016,Variation and cluster analysis for growth characters of plus tree progeny of Phoebe bournei,Beihua Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Beihua University(Natural Science Edition)),17(2):240-245(涂育合,黄秀美,林照授,陈宇,2016,闽楠优树子代测定林生长性状差异及聚类分析,北华大学学报(自然科学版),17(2):240-245)
Wang Z.B.,Li X.Q.,Liu C.G.,Sun H.G.,Wang X.F.,and Fang L.J.,2017,Dynamic analysis of relationship among tree height,diameter at the breast height and crown of artificia Sassafras tzumu forest at different development stages,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),36(1):331-339(万志兵,李秀芹,刘成功,孙洪刚,汪小飞,方乐金,2017,不同发育阶段檫木人工林树高、胸径与树冠结构关系的动态关系分析,基因组学与应用生物学,36(1):331-339)
Wu D.R.,and Wang B.S.,2001,Seed and seedling ecology of the endangered Phoebe bournei(Lauraceae),Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),21(11):1751-1760(吴大荣,王伯荪,2001,濒危树种闽楠种子和幼苗生态学研究),生态学报,21(11):1751-1760)
Xie Y.J.,2011,Research progress on Eucalyptus breeding and its strategy in China,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),24(4):50-54(谢耀坚,2011,中国桉树育种研究进展及宏观策略,世界林业研究,24(4):50-54)
Yang X.Y.,and Ji K.S.,2004,Early selection in forest tree improvement,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),17(2):6-8(杨秀艳,季孔庶,2004,林木育种中的早期选择,世界林业研究,17(2):6-8)
Zhang L.N.,Jiang Y.,Zhao S.D.,Kang X.Y.,Zhang W.T.,and Liu T.,2017,Lingering response of radial growth of Piceacrassifolia,to climate at different altitudes in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China,Trees,31(2):455-465
Zheng R.H.,2005,Research advances in genetic breeding of Chinese Fir,Shijie Linye Yanjiu(World Forestry Research),18(3):63-65(郑仁华,2005,杉木遗传育种研究进展与对策,世界林业研究,18(3):63-65)
Zhou Z.C.,Qin G.F.,Li G.R.,Huang G.L.,Lan Y.Z.,and Zhong D.H.,1997,Achievements,problems and its countermeasures of genetic improvement of Masson Pine,Linye Kexue Yanjiu(Forest Research),10(4):435-442(周志春,秦国峰,李光荣,黄光霖,兰永兆,钟德华,1997,马尾松遗传改良的成就、问题和思考,林业科学研究,10(4):435-442)