峦大杉树冠特征与生长形质通径分析
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摘要
为了解峦大杉(Cunninghamia konishii Hayata)人工林树冠特征对生长形质的影响程度,利用多目标决策方法进行生长形质综合表现评价,运用通径分析方法分析了福建峦大杉人工林树冠特征(冠幅、冠形率和树冠率)与单株材积、胸径、无节材长度、尖削度、生长形质综合得分等因子的关系。结果表明:冠幅、冠形率对单株材积有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对单株材积有极显著的负向作用;冠幅、冠形率对胸径有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对胸径具有极显著的负向作用;冠幅、冠形率对无节材长度有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对无节材长度有极显著的负向作用;冠幅对树干尖削度有极显著的正向作用,冠形率对树干尖削度有弱度正向作用,但树冠率对树干尖削度有弱度负向作用;树冠特征因子对峦大杉生长形质性状影响作用与重要性不尽相同,冠幅、冠形率对生长形质综合表现有极显著的正向作用,树冠率对生长形质综合表现有极显著的负向作用,因子相对重要性由大到小顺序为冠形率、树冠率、冠幅。因此,培育峦大杉速生丰产优质干材的理想的树冠特征为狭长的冠形和较小的树冠率。
We studied impact degree between canopy characteristics and growth,stem-form of Cunninghamia konishii,the growth and form quality comprehensive performance were evaluated by the multi-objective decision-making method. Relationship between canopy characteristics( crown size,crown shape rate,crown rate) and 5 index factors including individual volume,DBH,Length of non-knot timber,taperingness,comprehensive score of growth and form quality for C. konishii plantation in Fujian Province were analyzed by path analysis. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect to individual volume,but crown rate had a significantly negative effect to individual volume. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significantly positive effect to DBH,but crown rate had a significantly negative effect to DBH. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect to length of non-knot timber,but crown rate had a significant negative effect to length of non-knot timber. Crown width had a significant positive effect to taperingness,crown shape rate had weak positive effect to taperingness,but crown rate had weak negative effect to taperingness. The influence and the order of relative importance of canopy characteristics on the growth and the growth and form quality indicators of C. konishii were different. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significantly positive effect to the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,but crown rate had a significantly negative effect to the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,the descending order of relative importance of factors is crown shape rate,crown rate,and crown width. Therefore,the ideal canopy characteristics for cultivation the fast growing,high yield and high quality timber of C. konishii is a long and narrow crown and small crown rate.
We studied impact degree between canopy characteristics and growth,stem-form of Cunninghamia konishii,the growth and form quality comprehensive performance were evaluated by the multi-objective decision-making method. Relationship between canopy characteristics( crown size,crown shape rate,crown rate) and 5 index factors including individual volume,DBH,Length of non-knot timber,taperingness,comprehensive score of growth and form quality for C. konishii plantation in Fujian Province were analyzed by path analysis. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect to individual volume,but crown rate had a significantly negative effect to individual volume. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significantly positive effect to DBH,but crown rate had a significantly negative effect to DBH. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect to length of non-knot timber,but crown rate had a significant negative effect to length of non-knot timber. Crown width had a significant positive effect to taperingness,crown shape rate had weak positive effect to taperingness,but crown rate had weak negative effect to taperingness. The influence and the order of relative importance of canopy characteristics on the growth and the growth and form quality indicators of C. konishii were different. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significantly positive effect to the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,but crown rate had a significantly negative effect to the growth and form quality comprehensive performance,the descending order of relative importance of factors is crown shape rate,crown rate,and crown width. Therefore,the ideal canopy characteristics for cultivation the fast growing,high yield and high quality timber of C. konishii is a long and narrow crown and small crown rate.
引文
[1]李火根,黄敏仁.杨树新无性系冠层特性与生长关系研究[J].林业科学.1999,35(5):34-37.
[2]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京地区侧柏人工林密度效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3206-3214.
[3] BIGING G S,DOBBERTIN M. A comparison of distance-dependrnt competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees[J]. Forest Science,1992,38(3):695-720.
[4]赵丹宁,熊耀国,宋露露,等.白花泡桐树冠结构、生长性状的选择对于形改良的影响[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(1):82-87.
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[6]欧建德,罗宁,吴志庄.幼龄期南方红豆杉生长和形质性状的优树家系遗传变异[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):117-122.
[7]李生,陈存及.混交林分中乳源木莲冠层特性与生长的通径分析[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(3):310-314.
[8]卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.
[9]马永春,方升佐.欧美杨107不同冠层光合特性的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):39-42.
[10]万志兵,李秀芹,刘成功,等.不同发育阶段檫木人工林树高、胸径与树冠结构关系的动态关系分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(1):331-339.
[11]苏伟毅.峦大杉引种造林试验[J].福建林业科技,2001,28(4):62-65.
[12]张纪卯,陈文荣,陈能德,等.峦大杉扦插生根及生长[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,18(2):31-35.
[13]刘洪谔,张若蕙,沈锡康,等.7种台湾特产珍贵树种的引种[J].浙江林学院学报,1994,11(3):315-319.
[14]刘洪谔,张若蕙,丰晓阳,等.台湾珍贵针叶树种引种造林试验结果[J].浙江林学院学报,2000,17(1):16-21.
[15]刘洪谔,张若蕙,沈锡康,等.引种台湾珍贵针叶树种苗期生长观测[J].浙江林业科技,1993,13(4):14-16.
[16]欧建德,康永武.福建峦大杉苗木质量分级研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2018,38(2):172-176.
[17]欧建德.造林密度对峦大杉生长形质及林分分化的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(1):7-11.
[18]黄道恩.台湾峦大杉不同造林密度效果分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(4):28-31.
[19]张璐颖,康永武,林智勇,等.峦大杉人工林生长规律研究[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(3):8-13.
[20]欧建德,吴专庄,康永武.福建省峦大杉生长模拟及其数量成熟研究[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(4):18-22.
[21]余光,高楠,张纪卯,等.人工林峦大杉木材的物理力学性质[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(1):106-109.
[22]欧建德.观赏型南方红豆杉地理种源试验及优良地理种源的选择初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):134-140.
[23]欧建德.基于多元统计分析的南方红豆杉幼林修枝技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):183-187.
[24]鲍晓红,张纪卯,陈文荣,等.福建省峦大杉人工林二元材积表的研制[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(4):89-91.
[25]欧建德,吴志庄,罗宁.林窗大小对杉木林内南方红豆杉生长与形质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3098-3104.
[26]欧建德,吴志庄.经营措施及地形因子与南方红豆杉杈干关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(9):24-28.
[27] WRIGHT S. Correlation and causation[J]. Joural of Agricultural Research,1921(7):557-584.
[28]张琪,丛鹏,彭励.通径分析在Excel和SPS S中的实现[J].农业网络信息,2007(3):109-110.
[2]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京地区侧柏人工林密度效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3206-3214.
[3] BIGING G S,DOBBERTIN M. A comparison of distance-dependrnt competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees[J]. Forest Science,1992,38(3):695-720.
[4]赵丹宁,熊耀国,宋露露,等.白花泡桐树冠结构、生长性状的选择对于形改良的影响[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(1):82-87.
[5]邬荣领,王明庥,黄敏仁,等.黑杨派新无性系研究:Ⅴ.树冠结构与干形改良[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1988(3):1-14.
[6]欧建德,罗宁,吴志庄.幼龄期南方红豆杉生长和形质性状的优树家系遗传变异[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):117-122.
[7]李生,陈存及.混交林分中乳源木莲冠层特性与生长的通径分析[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(3):310-314.
[8]卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.
[9]马永春,方升佐.欧美杨107不同冠层光合特性的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):39-42.
[10]万志兵,李秀芹,刘成功,等.不同发育阶段檫木人工林树高、胸径与树冠结构关系的动态关系分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(1):331-339.
[11]苏伟毅.峦大杉引种造林试验[J].福建林业科技,2001,28(4):62-65.
[12]张纪卯,陈文荣,陈能德,等.峦大杉扦插生根及生长[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,18(2):31-35.
[13]刘洪谔,张若蕙,沈锡康,等.7种台湾特产珍贵树种的引种[J].浙江林学院学报,1994,11(3):315-319.
[14]刘洪谔,张若蕙,丰晓阳,等.台湾珍贵针叶树种引种造林试验结果[J].浙江林学院学报,2000,17(1):16-21.
[15]刘洪谔,张若蕙,沈锡康,等.引种台湾珍贵针叶树种苗期生长观测[J].浙江林业科技,1993,13(4):14-16.
[16]欧建德,康永武.福建峦大杉苗木质量分级研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2018,38(2):172-176.
[17]欧建德.造林密度对峦大杉生长形质及林分分化的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(1):7-11.
[18]黄道恩.台湾峦大杉不同造林密度效果分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(4):28-31.
[19]张璐颖,康永武,林智勇,等.峦大杉人工林生长规律研究[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(3):8-13.
[20]欧建德,吴专庄,康永武.福建省峦大杉生长模拟及其数量成熟研究[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(4):18-22.
[21]余光,高楠,张纪卯,等.人工林峦大杉木材的物理力学性质[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(1):106-109.
[22]欧建德.观赏型南方红豆杉地理种源试验及优良地理种源的选择初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):134-140.
[23]欧建德.基于多元统计分析的南方红豆杉幼林修枝技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):183-187.
[24]鲍晓红,张纪卯,陈文荣,等.福建省峦大杉人工林二元材积表的研制[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(4):89-91.
[25]欧建德,吴志庄,罗宁.林窗大小对杉木林内南方红豆杉生长与形质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3098-3104.
[26]欧建德,吴志庄.经营措施及地形因子与南方红豆杉杈干关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(9):24-28.
[27] WRIGHT S. Correlation and causation[J]. Joural of Agricultural Research,1921(7):557-584.
[28]张琪,丛鹏,彭励.通径分析在Excel和SPS S中的实现[J].农业网络信息,2007(3):109-110.