信阳地区冬小麦生育期水分供需及干旱特征
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摘要
旱涝灾害是影响信阳地区农业经济发展的重要因素,分析信阳地区近50 a冬小麦生育期水分供需及干旱特征,可为冬小麦生产合理布局、合理用水以及防灾减灾政策的制定提供理论参考。基于信阳地区1962—2011年9个气象站点日尺度数据,通过估算冬小麦全生育期和各生育阶段有效降水量和需水量,计算水分盈亏指数,分析水分供需时空变化特征,并利用不同时间尺度标准化降水指数(standardized precipitation index,SPI)进行干旱特征研究。结果表明:冬小麦生育期需水量空间分布主要呈现西北部和东南部较高,而中部地区相对较低的特征,变化趋势以增加趋势为主;冬小麦生育期水分盈亏指数表明水分亏缺,西北部相对于中南部水分缺乏更为严重,变化趋势以减少趋势为主;冬小麦全生育期SPI值呈现不显著下降趋势,其变化幅度为0.125·10 a~(-1),冬小麦冬前生长期、返青抽穗期和灌浆成熟期SPI值呈现不同程度的不显著减少趋势,而越冬期SPI值则呈现不显著的增加趋势;各生育阶段干旱发生状况存在差异,不同生育阶段轻旱发生频率和中旱发生频率亦存在差异,北部冬小麦生育期发生轻度以上干旱频率较高,西部和南部冬小麦生育期发生中度以上干旱频率较高。综上,信阳地区冬小麦生育期水分呈亏缺状态,各生育阶段的干旱状况存在差异。
Drought and flood are the important factors that affect the development of agricultural economy in Xinyang. Analysis of water supply-demand and drought characteristics of winter wheat nearly 50 years can provide a theoretical reference for the rational layout of yielding,reasonable water use and policy formulation for disaster prevention and mitigation of winter wheat. Based on the daily scale data of 9 meteorological stations in Xinyang area from1962 to 2011 year,the effective precipitation and water demand in the whole growth period and the growth stage of winter wheat were estimated. The temporal and spatial characteristics of water supply and demand were analyzed in the calculation of water budget index and the analysis of drought characteristics were studied by using SPI at differenttime scales. The results showed that the value of the spatial distribution of water demand in winter wheat in the northwest and southeast were higher and the central region was relatively lower. In terms of trends,the change trend of time was increasing. The growth period of winter wheat water budget index showed that water deficit,and compared to the central and southern region,water deficit was more serious in the northwest. In terms of trends,the change trend of time is decreasing. The SPI value of winter wheat was not significantly decreased during the whole growth period,and the variation range was 0. 125·10 a~(-1). There was no significant decreasing trend in the SPI value of winter wheat during the pre-winter growth period,reviving and heading period and grain-filling and ripening period,while the SPI value in the wintering period showed no significant increasing trend. There were differences in the occurrence of drought at different growth stages,and the occurrence frequency of mild drought and frequency of drought in different growth stages were also different. The mild and or more serious drought frequency in the northern region was higher than that in the northern and southern region,and the drought frequency with moderate or higher severities was higher in the western and southern region. In conclusion,the water of winter wheat in Xinyang was deficient,and the drought status of each growth stage was different.
Drought and flood are the important factors that affect the development of agricultural economy in Xinyang. Analysis of water supply-demand and drought characteristics of winter wheat nearly 50 years can provide a theoretical reference for the rational layout of yielding,reasonable water use and policy formulation for disaster prevention and mitigation of winter wheat. Based on the daily scale data of 9 meteorological stations in Xinyang area from1962 to 2011 year,the effective precipitation and water demand in the whole growth period and the growth stage of winter wheat were estimated. The temporal and spatial characteristics of water supply and demand were analyzed in the calculation of water budget index and the analysis of drought characteristics were studied by using SPI at differenttime scales. The results showed that the value of the spatial distribution of water demand in winter wheat in the northwest and southeast were higher and the central region was relatively lower. In terms of trends,the change trend of time was increasing. The growth period of winter wheat water budget index showed that water deficit,and compared to the central and southern region,water deficit was more serious in the northwest. In terms of trends,the change trend of time is decreasing. The SPI value of winter wheat was not significantly decreased during the whole growth period,and the variation range was 0. 125·10 a~(-1). There was no significant decreasing trend in the SPI value of winter wheat during the pre-winter growth period,reviving and heading period and grain-filling and ripening period,while the SPI value in the wintering period showed no significant increasing trend. There were differences in the occurrence of drought at different growth stages,and the occurrence frequency of mild drought and frequency of drought in different growth stages were also different. The mild and or more serious drought frequency in the northern region was higher than that in the northern and southern region,and the drought frequency with moderate or higher severities was higher in the western and southern region. In conclusion,the water of winter wheat in Xinyang was deficient,and the drought status of each growth stage was different.
引文
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[5]马晓群,吴文玉,张辉.农业旱涝指标及在江淮地区监测预警中的应用[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(2):186-194.MA X Q,WU W Y,ZHANG H.The agricultural drought and flood index and its operational application to monitoring and early-warning in Jianghuai area[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2009,20(2):186-194.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[21]杨志勇,袁喆,马静,等.近50年来淮河流域的旱涝演变特征[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(4):32-40.YANG Z Y,YUAN Z,MA J,et al.Evloution characteristics of drought and flood in Huaihe River Basin in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2013,22(4):32-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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