常压低温降解聚氯乙烯塑料
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摘要
在常压较低温度下,通过四氯化碳将铝粉活化后使之与PVC反应,将PVC中的有机氯转化为AlCl3中的无机氯,从而达到脱氯目的。使用傅里叶红外光谱仪、 X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对在最佳反应温度60℃时各阶段产生的物质处理后表征发现:活化溶剂CCl4及洗涤剂无水乙醇均可回收利用;副产物Al Cl3是不含结晶水的,具有较高经济价值; PVC降解后的最终产物是含有-OH和C=C (非共轭双键)的小分子有机物集合体,且其氯含量小于0.20%。本方法操作简单、成本低、脱氯效果达99%以上,为解决废旧PVC塑料污染问题提供了新思路。
At normal pressure and a lower temperature, the aluminum powder was activated by carbon tetrachloride to react with PVC, and the organic chlorine in PVC was converted into inorganic chlorine as the form of Al Cl3 to achieve the purpose of dechlorination. Under the optimum reaction temperature of 60 ℃, the materials produced in each stage were processed and then were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the activating solvent CCl4 and anhydrous ethanol can be recycled; the by-product AlCl3 was free of water with high economic value; the final product from the degradation of PVC was a small molecular organic aggregate containing-OH and C=C(non-conjugated double bonds), and its chlorine content was less than 0.20%. This method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and excellent dechlorination effect, and provides a new idea for the treatment of waste PVC.
At normal pressure and a lower temperature, the aluminum powder was activated by carbon tetrachloride to react with PVC, and the organic chlorine in PVC was converted into inorganic chlorine as the form of Al Cl3 to achieve the purpose of dechlorination. Under the optimum reaction temperature of 60 ℃, the materials produced in each stage were processed and then were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the activating solvent CCl4 and anhydrous ethanol can be recycled; the by-product AlCl3 was free of water with high economic value; the final product from the degradation of PVC was a small molecular organic aggregate containing-OH and C=C(non-conjugated double bonds), and its chlorine content was less than 0.20%. This method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and excellent dechlorination effect, and provides a new idea for the treatment of waste PVC.
引文
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[12]Muhammad Ishtiaq A,Safia A,Geoff R,et al.Isolation and molecular characterization of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)plastic degrading fungal isolates[J].J Basic Microbiol,2014,54(1):18-27.
[13]Anwar M S,Kapri A,Chaudhry V,et al.Response of indigenously developed bacterial consortia in progressive degradation of polyvinyl chloride[J].Protoplasma,2016,253(4):1 023-1 032.
[14]Miranda R,Yang J,Roy C,et al.Vacuum pyrolysis of PVC I.Kinetic study[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,1999,64(1):127-144.
[15]Byalobzheskii A V,Lukinskaya V N.The effect of ionizing radiation on the corrosion behavior of metals in carbon tetrachloride[J].1962,11(2):805-811.
[16]Ellialtioglu R,White H W,Godwin L M,et al.Study of the corrosion inhibitor formamide in the aluminum-carbon tetrachloride system using IETS[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1981,75(5):2 432-2 440.
[2]张弘,贾志慧,王丽萍.垃圾焚烧中的二噁英污染及其防治措施的研究进展[J].环境科技,2010,23(S2):148-151.
[3]Haijima A,Endo T,Zhang Y,et al.In utero and lactational exposure to low doses of chlorinated and brominated dioxins induces deficits in the fear memory of male mice[J].Neurotoxicology,2010,31(4):385-390.
[4]贾有青.含卤废PVC塑料热解脱卤技术的研究[J].上海塑料,2009,37(1):15-18.
[5]López,A,De Marco I,Caballero B M,et al.Dechlorination of fuels in pyrolysis of PVC containing plastic wastes[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92(2):253-260.
[6]Miranda R,Yang J,Roy C,et al.Vacuum pyrolysis of PVC I.Kinetic study[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,1999,64(1):127-144.
[7]Kosuda T,Okada T,Nozaka S,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of low temperature dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride)in the presence of zinc(II)oxide[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2012,97(4):584-591.
[8]Zhou Q,Tang C,Wang Y Z,et al.Catalytic degradation and dechlorination of PVC-containing mixed plastics via Al-Mg composite oxide catalysts[J].Fuel,2004,83(13):1 727-1 732.
[9]马师白,鲁军,高晋生.聚氯乙烯(PVC)水解脱氯的研究[J].环境化学,2002,21(5):454-457.
[10]Lu J,Ma S,Gao J.Study on the pressurized hydrolysis dechlorination of PVC[J].Energy&Fuels,2002,16(5):1 251-1 255.
[11]Shen Y.Dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)wastes via Cohydrothermal carbonization with lignin for clean solid fuels production[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2016,55(44):11 638-11 644.
[12]Muhammad Ishtiaq A,Safia A,Geoff R,et al.Isolation and molecular characterization of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)plastic degrading fungal isolates[J].J Basic Microbiol,2014,54(1):18-27.
[13]Anwar M S,Kapri A,Chaudhry V,et al.Response of indigenously developed bacterial consortia in progressive degradation of polyvinyl chloride[J].Protoplasma,2016,253(4):1 023-1 032.
[14]Miranda R,Yang J,Roy C,et al.Vacuum pyrolysis of PVC I.Kinetic study[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,1999,64(1):127-144.
[15]Byalobzheskii A V,Lukinskaya V N.The effect of ionizing radiation on the corrosion behavior of metals in carbon tetrachloride[J].1962,11(2):805-811.
[16]Ellialtioglu R,White H W,Godwin L M,et al.Study of the corrosion inhibitor formamide in the aluminum-carbon tetrachloride system using IETS[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1981,75(5):2 432-2 440.