中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
本文旨在研究复方中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验挑选60头体况、产奶量、泌乳日龄和胎次相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计,随机分为4组,每组15头奶牛,每组分别在基础饲粮中添加0、100、200和300 g/头·d的复方中草药添加剂,预饲期1周,正试期8周。结果表明,200和300 g/头·d添加组奶牛的干物质采食量和产奶量显著高于0和100 g/头·d添加组奶牛(P<0.05)。复方中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛的乳成分无显著影响(P>0.05)。复方中草药添加剂显著提高了热应激奶牛血液甲状腺激素和皮质醇浓度(P<0.05),其中以200 g/头·d添加组浓度最高。复方中草药添加剂显著提高了热应激奶牛血液超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,降低了血液丙二醛含量。综上所述,本试验条件下使用的复方中草药添加剂以200 g/头·d的添加剂量具有最佳效果,可以显著改善热应激奶牛的干物质采食量和泌乳性能。
This study was conducted to study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on dry matter intake,milk performance and blood biochemical index of dairy cows under heat stress. According to the similar principles in milk yield,lactation day,birth order,body condition score,60 healthy Holstein cows were selected. 60 Holstein cows were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 per group. The trial diets were supplementation of 100,200 and 300 g/head · d Chinese herbal medicine additives into the basal diets. The experiment was conducted for 9 weeks,including a 1 week adaptation period and a 8 week treatment period. The results showed as follows :Compared with the groups of 0 and 100 g/head · d,dry matter intake and milk yield of 200 and 300 g/head · d were signifi cantly increased(P <0.05). Chinese herbal additives have no signifi cant effect on milk composition of dairy cows under heat stress(P >0.05).thyroid hormone and cortisol concentration of test group were signifi cantly increased(P <0.05),and the highest concentration was in the 200 g/head · d group. Superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase activities of test group were signifi cantly increased(P <0.05),Malondialdehyde content were signifi cantly decreased(P <0.05). In summary,the best effect was obtained with the Chinese herbal medicine additives application in the concentration of 200 g/head · d,it can signifi cantly improve dry matter intake and milk performance.
This study was conducted to study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on dry matter intake,milk performance and blood biochemical index of dairy cows under heat stress. According to the similar principles in milk yield,lactation day,birth order,body condition score,60 healthy Holstein cows were selected. 60 Holstein cows were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 per group. The trial diets were supplementation of 100,200 and 300 g/head · d Chinese herbal medicine additives into the basal diets. The experiment was conducted for 9 weeks,including a 1 week adaptation period and a 8 week treatment period. The results showed as follows :Compared with the groups of 0 and 100 g/head · d,dry matter intake and milk yield of 200 and 300 g/head · d were signifi cantly increased(P <0.05). Chinese herbal additives have no signifi cant effect on milk composition of dairy cows under heat stress(P >0.05).thyroid hormone and cortisol concentration of test group were signifi cantly increased(P <0.05),and the highest concentration was in the 200 g/head · d group. Superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase activities of test group were signifi cantly increased(P <0.05),Malondialdehyde content were signifi cantly decreased(P <0.05). In summary,the best effect was obtained with the Chinese herbal medicine additives application in the concentration of 200 g/head · d,it can signifi cantly improve dry matter intake and milk performance.
引文
[1]陈会良,顾有方,汪东胜.中草药添加剂对奶牛抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].饲料广角,2005,7:25~26,31.
[2]陈琦,沈素芳,刘佩红,等.中草药对热应激奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响[J].中国奶牛,2007,11:10~13.
[3]樊华,樊丽,王峰,等.热应激对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,4:45~46.
[4]李占锋.黄芪组方中草药添加剂对奶牛抗热应激效果及其机理研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[5]刘禹辰,谢珊珊,柴丽娜,等.低温状态下日粮添加甲状腺素对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(5):43~46.
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[7]孙齐英.抗热应激中草药添加剂对奶牛免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17):9026~9028.
[8]吴德峰,胡美华,林梅,等.“抗热应激中草药添加剂”对奶牛产奶量和乳汁成分的影响[J].动物医学进展,2004,3:66~70.
[9]郑会超.加减白虎汤散剂缓解奶牛热应激的效果及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[10]王立志.热应激对奶牛、奶山羊体内内毒素含量的影响及缓解热应激的营养技术研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[11]王祖新.不同季节温湿度指数对奶牛生产性能和生理生化指标的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[12]颜志辉.极端温度对奶牛生产与生理影响及其调控措施研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[13]Baumgard L H,Rhoads P R.Effects of Heat Stress on Postabsorptive Metabolism and Energetics[J].Annual Review of Animal Biosciences,2013,1(1):311~337.
[14]Tao S,Dahl G E.Invited review:Heat stress effects during late gestation on dry cows and their calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(7):4079~4093.
[2]陈琦,沈素芳,刘佩红,等.中草药对热应激奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响[J].中国奶牛,2007,11:10~13.
[3]樊华,樊丽,王峰,等.热应激对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,4:45~46.
[4]李占锋.黄芪组方中草药添加剂对奶牛抗热应激效果及其机理研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[5]刘禹辰,谢珊珊,柴丽娜,等.低温状态下日粮添加甲状腺素对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(5):43~46.
[6]潘龙.柴胡提取物缓解奶牛热应激的应用效果研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[7]孙齐英.抗热应激中草药添加剂对奶牛免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17):9026~9028.
[8]吴德峰,胡美华,林梅,等.“抗热应激中草药添加剂”对奶牛产奶量和乳汁成分的影响[J].动物医学进展,2004,3:66~70.
[9]郑会超.加减白虎汤散剂缓解奶牛热应激的效果及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[10]王立志.热应激对奶牛、奶山羊体内内毒素含量的影响及缓解热应激的营养技术研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[11]王祖新.不同季节温湿度指数对奶牛生产性能和生理生化指标的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[12]颜志辉.极端温度对奶牛生产与生理影响及其调控措施研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[13]Baumgard L H,Rhoads P R.Effects of Heat Stress on Postabsorptive Metabolism and Energetics[J].Annual Review of Animal Biosciences,2013,1(1):311~337.
[14]Tao S,Dahl G E.Invited review:Heat stress effects during late gestation on dry cows and their calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(7):4079~4093.