专利视角下工业机器人领域的技术机会分析
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摘要
工业机器人是涉及众多技术领域的复杂性产品,技术多样性加速了其技术融合与产业发展。本文基于技术传递系统(TDS)理论提供的技术机会理论分析框架,通过专利文献的数据分析从技术、竞争者、潜在市场三个方面来探索技术机会。通过技术主题词的共现分析发掘工业机器人领域的技术融合模式,并识别出核心技术;通过专利权人的信息分析来识别出具备竞争力的国家和机构;通过同族专利的信息分析海外专利布局态势,进而明晰各国在工业机器人领域的潜在市场战略定位。本文研究结果对于我国工业机器人技术及产业发展提供有益的政策依据。
Industrial robot technologies are diverse enough to various fields. This kind of variety serves technology convergence and development. We explored the technology opportunity using TDS theory,combined with patent data from three aspects,including technology,competitors and potential markets. The technology convergence pattern and core technologies in industrial robot field are found by co-occurrence analysis. The technology competitive countries and institutions are identified by analyzing the patentees. The potential markets and strategy position are explored by analyzing the overseas distribution of patent families.China has been the most attractive robot market on the world. The results of our study are expected to contribute to discovering technology opportunities in the field of industrial robots to lead innovation and development.
Industrial robot technologies are diverse enough to various fields. This kind of variety serves technology convergence and development. We explored the technology opportunity using TDS theory,combined with patent data from three aspects,including technology,competitors and potential markets. The technology convergence pattern and core technologies in industrial robot field are found by co-occurrence analysis. The technology competitive countries and institutions are identified by analyzing the patentees. The potential markets and strategy position are explored by analyzing the overseas distribution of patent families.China has been the most attractive robot market on the world. The results of our study are expected to contribute to discovering technology opportunities in the field of industrial robots to lead innovation and development.
引文
[1]马婷婷,汪雪峰,朱东华,等.基于专利的技术机会分析方法研究[J].科学学研究,2014(3):332-343+383.Ma Tingting,Wang Xuefeng,Zhu Donghua,et al.Research on technology opportunity analysis based on patents[J].Studies in Science of Science,2014(3):332-343+383.
[2]冯仁涛,余翔,金泳锋.基于专利情报的技术机会与区域技术专业化分析[J].情报杂志,2001,31(6):13-18.Feng Rentao,Yu Xiang,Jin Yongfeng.An analysis of technological opportunity and regional technological specialization based on patent information[J].Journal of Intelligence,2001,31(6):13-18.
[3]Olsson O.Technological opportunity and growth[J].Journal of Economic Growth,2005,10(1):35-57.
[4]Lee Y,Kim,S Y,Song,I.,et al.Technology opportunity identification customized to the technological capability of SMEs through two-stage patent analysis[J].Scientometrics,2014,100(1):227-244.
[5]李保明.技术机会与技术创新的决策[J].科学管理研究,1990(5):61-62.Li Baoming.Technology opportunities and decision-making of technology innovation[J].Researches in Science Management,1990(5):61-62.
[6]Porter A L,Detampel M J.Technology opportunities analysis[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,1995,49(3):237-255.
[7]黎江.基于专利文献的技术机会分析方法研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(文献情报中心),2008.Li Jiang.Methodology research on technology opportunities analysis based on patent documents[D].National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[8]潘东华,徐珂珂.基于共词分析的技术机会分析[J].科研管理,2014,35(4):10-17.Pan Donghua,Xu Keke.Technology opportunity analysis based on co-word analysis[J].Science Research Management,2014,35(4):10-17.
[9]吕一博,康宇航,王淑娟.基于共现分析的技术机会发现与可视化识别[J].科研管理,2012,33(4):80-85.Lv Yibo,Kang Yuhang,Wang Shujuan.Visualized identification and discovery of technology opportunities based on cooccurrence analysis[J].Science Research Management,2012,33(4):80-85.
[10]曹利娜,李辉.基于技术创新理论和关键词共现分析的科技成果技术机会分析方法研究[J].科技成果管理与研究,2008(10):9-12.Cao Lina,Li Hui.Study on scientific and technological achievements technology opportunity analysis based on technology innovation[J].Management and Research on Scientific&Technological Achievements,2008(10):9-12.
[11]Breitzman A,Thomas P,Cheney M.Technological powerhouse or diluted competence:Techniques for assessing mergers via patent analysis[J].R&D Management,2002,32(1):1-10.
[12]Escorsa,Rodriguez and Maspons R.Technology mapping,business strategy and market opportunities[J].Competitive Intelligence Review,2000,11(1):46-57.
[13]Zhu Donghua,Porter,A.L.Automated extraction and visualization of information for technological intelligence and forecasting[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2002,69(5):495-506.
[14]康宇航,苏敬勤.技术创新机会的可视化识别——基于专利计量的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(4):695-701.Kang Yuhang,Su Jingqin.Visualization identify of technology innovation opportunities:Empirical analysis based on patent bibliometric[J].Studies in Science of Science,2008,26(4):495-506.
[15]Kostoff R N,Schaller R R.Science and technology roadmaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2001,48(2):132-143.
[16]朱东华,吴慈生,毛家杰.基于数据网络环境的技术机会分析[J].工业工程,1998(4):14-17.Zhu Donghua,Wu Cisheng,Mao Jiajie.Analysis of technology opportunities based on data network environment[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,1998(4):14-17.
[17]Kostoff R N.Role of technical literature in science and technology development and exploitation[J].Journal of Information Science,2003,29(3):223-228.
[18]Yoon B.On the development of a technology intelligence tool for identifying technology opportunity[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2008,35(1-2):124-135.
[19]Yoon J,Kim K.Detecting signals of new technological opportunities using semantic patent analysis and outlier detection[J].Scientometrics,2012,90(2):445-461.
[20]Lucheng H,Yanhua Y,Zhihua Z.A study on the application of data mining in the patent Information analysis for company[C]//2010 Second International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science.IEEE,2010,1:618-622.
[21]Becker W,Peters J.Innovation effects of science-Related technological opportunities/innovationseffekte von technologischen M9glichkeiten aus dem Wissenschaftsbereich[J].Jahrbücher für National9konomie und Statistik,2005,225(2):130-150.
[22]张妍.从技术机会的观点看技术创新过程[J].开发研究,2009,144(5):146-149.Zhang Yan.The technological innovation process from the point of view of technology opportunity[J].Research of De-velopment,2009,144(5):146-149.
[23]Nieto M,Quevedo P.Absorptive capacity,technological opportunity,knowledge spillovers and innovative effort[J].Technovation,2005,25(10):1141-1157.
[24]鲁兴启.基于社会网络的科技创业机会识别[J].企业经济,2009(9):22-25.Lu Xingqi.Identification of opportunities for scientific and technological entrepreneurship based on social network[J].Enterprise Strategy,2009(9):22-25.
[25]Perry-Smith JE,Shalley CE.The social side of creativity:A static and dynamic social network perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(1):89-106.
[26]Frishammar J,Lichtenthaler U,Rundquist J.Identifying technology commercialization opportunities:The importance of integrating product development knowledge[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(4):573-589.
[27]Wenk E J,Kuehn T J.Interinstitutional networks in technological delivery system[J].Science and Technology Policy:Perspectives and Developments,1977:153-165.
[28]Brockhoff K K.Instruments for patent data analyses in business firms[J].Technovation,1991,12(1):41-59.
[29]Griliches Z.Patent statistics as economic indicators:A survey[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1990,28(4):1661-1707.
[30]Fabry B,Ernst H,Langholz J,et al.Patent portfolio analysis as a useful tool for identifying R&D and business opportunities-An empirical application in the nutrition and health industry[J].World Patent Information,2006,28(3):215-225.
[31]Industrial Robots-Definition and Types WR 2016[EB/OL].International Federation of Robotics,2017.(2017).https://ifr.org/img/office/Industrial_Robots_2016_Chapter_1_2.pdf.
[32]Sciliano B,Khatib O.Handbook of robotics[M].Springer,2016.
[33]日本机器人学会.机器人技术手册[M].科学出版社,1996.The robotics society of Japan.Robotics manual[M].Science Press,1996.
[34]Ju Y,Sohn S Y.Patent-based QFD framework development for identification of emerging technologies and related business models:A case of robot technology in Korea[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,Elsevier Inc.,2015,94:44-64.
[35]Lee W J,Lee W K,Sohn S Y.Patent network analysis and quadratic assignment procedures to identify the convergence of robot technologies[J].PLo S ONE,2016,11(10):1-16.
[36]林聚任.社会网络分析:理论、方法与应用[M].北京师范大学出版社,2009.Lin Juren.Social network analysis:Theory,method and application[M].Beijing Normal University Publishing House,2009.
[37]Freeman L C.Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification[J].Social Networks,1978,1(3):215-239.
[38]Scott J.Social network analysis:A handbook[J].Contemporary Sociology,1991,22(1):128.
(1)检索式:TS=("industr*(robot*or manipulat*)"or"automat*guid*veh*"or AGV or articul*(robot*or manipulat*)or SCARA or Delta(robot*or manipulat*)or cartesian*coordinat*(robot*or manipulat*)or"cylindr*coordinat*(robot*or manipulat*)"or weld*(robot*or manipulat*)or transfer*(robot*or manipulat*)or pallet*(robot*or manipulat*)or sort*(robot*or manipulat*)or stamp*(robot*or manipulat*)or assemb*(robot*or manipulat*)or pack*(robot*or manipulat*)or unpack*(robot*or manipulat*)or cut*(robot*or manipulat*)or grind*(robot*or manipulat*)or polish*(robot*or manipulat*)or paint*(robot*or manipulat*)or parallel*(robot*or manipulat*)or clean room(robot*or manipulat*)).(2)检索式:TS=("robot*"or"manipulator*"or"unmanned aerial vehicle*"or"UAV"or"automatic guided vehicle*"or"AGV"or"self driving car*"or"autonomous car*"or"underwater system*"or"underwater device*"or"human computer interaction*"or"man machine interaction*"or"gripper*"or"bionic system*"or"bionic device*"or"bionic mechanism*"or"serial mechanism*"or"parallel mechanism*"or"SLAM")or wc=robot*)AND Document Type:(Article).
(1)本文将各欧盟成员国看作一个整体进行分析,欧盟成员国信息遵照欧盟2013年7月1日官方信息。https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries_en#tab-0-0.
[2]冯仁涛,余翔,金泳锋.基于专利情报的技术机会与区域技术专业化分析[J].情报杂志,2001,31(6):13-18.Feng Rentao,Yu Xiang,Jin Yongfeng.An analysis of technological opportunity and regional technological specialization based on patent information[J].Journal of Intelligence,2001,31(6):13-18.
[3]Olsson O.Technological opportunity and growth[J].Journal of Economic Growth,2005,10(1):35-57.
[4]Lee Y,Kim,S Y,Song,I.,et al.Technology opportunity identification customized to the technological capability of SMEs through two-stage patent analysis[J].Scientometrics,2014,100(1):227-244.
[5]李保明.技术机会与技术创新的决策[J].科学管理研究,1990(5):61-62.Li Baoming.Technology opportunities and decision-making of technology innovation[J].Researches in Science Management,1990(5):61-62.
[6]Porter A L,Detampel M J.Technology opportunities analysis[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,1995,49(3):237-255.
[7]黎江.基于专利文献的技术机会分析方法研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(文献情报中心),2008.Li Jiang.Methodology research on technology opportunities analysis based on patent documents[D].National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[8]潘东华,徐珂珂.基于共词分析的技术机会分析[J].科研管理,2014,35(4):10-17.Pan Donghua,Xu Keke.Technology opportunity analysis based on co-word analysis[J].Science Research Management,2014,35(4):10-17.
[9]吕一博,康宇航,王淑娟.基于共现分析的技术机会发现与可视化识别[J].科研管理,2012,33(4):80-85.Lv Yibo,Kang Yuhang,Wang Shujuan.Visualized identification and discovery of technology opportunities based on cooccurrence analysis[J].Science Research Management,2012,33(4):80-85.
[10]曹利娜,李辉.基于技术创新理论和关键词共现分析的科技成果技术机会分析方法研究[J].科技成果管理与研究,2008(10):9-12.Cao Lina,Li Hui.Study on scientific and technological achievements technology opportunity analysis based on technology innovation[J].Management and Research on Scientific&Technological Achievements,2008(10):9-12.
[11]Breitzman A,Thomas P,Cheney M.Technological powerhouse or diluted competence:Techniques for assessing mergers via patent analysis[J].R&D Management,2002,32(1):1-10.
[12]Escorsa,Rodriguez and Maspons R.Technology mapping,business strategy and market opportunities[J].Competitive Intelligence Review,2000,11(1):46-57.
[13]Zhu Donghua,Porter,A.L.Automated extraction and visualization of information for technological intelligence and forecasting[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2002,69(5):495-506.
[14]康宇航,苏敬勤.技术创新机会的可视化识别——基于专利计量的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(4):695-701.Kang Yuhang,Su Jingqin.Visualization identify of technology innovation opportunities:Empirical analysis based on patent bibliometric[J].Studies in Science of Science,2008,26(4):495-506.
[15]Kostoff R N,Schaller R R.Science and technology roadmaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2001,48(2):132-143.
[16]朱东华,吴慈生,毛家杰.基于数据网络环境的技术机会分析[J].工业工程,1998(4):14-17.Zhu Donghua,Wu Cisheng,Mao Jiajie.Analysis of technology opportunities based on data network environment[J].Industrial Engineering Journal,1998(4):14-17.
[17]Kostoff R N.Role of technical literature in science and technology development and exploitation[J].Journal of Information Science,2003,29(3):223-228.
[18]Yoon B.On the development of a technology intelligence tool for identifying technology opportunity[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2008,35(1-2):124-135.
[19]Yoon J,Kim K.Detecting signals of new technological opportunities using semantic patent analysis and outlier detection[J].Scientometrics,2012,90(2):445-461.
[20]Lucheng H,Yanhua Y,Zhihua Z.A study on the application of data mining in the patent Information analysis for company[C]//2010 Second International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science.IEEE,2010,1:618-622.
[21]Becker W,Peters J.Innovation effects of science-Related technological opportunities/innovationseffekte von technologischen M9glichkeiten aus dem Wissenschaftsbereich[J].Jahrbücher für National9konomie und Statistik,2005,225(2):130-150.
[22]张妍.从技术机会的观点看技术创新过程[J].开发研究,2009,144(5):146-149.Zhang Yan.The technological innovation process from the point of view of technology opportunity[J].Research of De-velopment,2009,144(5):146-149.
[23]Nieto M,Quevedo P.Absorptive capacity,technological opportunity,knowledge spillovers and innovative effort[J].Technovation,2005,25(10):1141-1157.
[24]鲁兴启.基于社会网络的科技创业机会识别[J].企业经济,2009(9):22-25.Lu Xingqi.Identification of opportunities for scientific and technological entrepreneurship based on social network[J].Enterprise Strategy,2009(9):22-25.
[25]Perry-Smith JE,Shalley CE.The social side of creativity:A static and dynamic social network perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(1):89-106.
[26]Frishammar J,Lichtenthaler U,Rundquist J.Identifying technology commercialization opportunities:The importance of integrating product development knowledge[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(4):573-589.
[27]Wenk E J,Kuehn T J.Interinstitutional networks in technological delivery system[J].Science and Technology Policy:Perspectives and Developments,1977:153-165.
[28]Brockhoff K K.Instruments for patent data analyses in business firms[J].Technovation,1991,12(1):41-59.
[29]Griliches Z.Patent statistics as economic indicators:A survey[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1990,28(4):1661-1707.
[30]Fabry B,Ernst H,Langholz J,et al.Patent portfolio analysis as a useful tool for identifying R&D and business opportunities-An empirical application in the nutrition and health industry[J].World Patent Information,2006,28(3):215-225.
[31]Industrial Robots-Definition and Types WR 2016[EB/OL].International Federation of Robotics,2017.(2017).https://ifr.org/img/office/Industrial_Robots_2016_Chapter_1_2.pdf.
[32]Sciliano B,Khatib O.Handbook of robotics[M].Springer,2016.
[33]日本机器人学会.机器人技术手册[M].科学出版社,1996.The robotics society of Japan.Robotics manual[M].Science Press,1996.
[34]Ju Y,Sohn S Y.Patent-based QFD framework development for identification of emerging technologies and related business models:A case of robot technology in Korea[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,Elsevier Inc.,2015,94:44-64.
[35]Lee W J,Lee W K,Sohn S Y.Patent network analysis and quadratic assignment procedures to identify the convergence of robot technologies[J].PLo S ONE,2016,11(10):1-16.
[36]林聚任.社会网络分析:理论、方法与应用[M].北京师范大学出版社,2009.Lin Juren.Social network analysis:Theory,method and application[M].Beijing Normal University Publishing House,2009.
[37]Freeman L C.Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification[J].Social Networks,1978,1(3):215-239.
[38]Scott J.Social network analysis:A handbook[J].Contemporary Sociology,1991,22(1):128.
(1)检索式:TS=("industr*(robot*or manipulat*)"or"automat*guid*veh*"or AGV or articul*(robot*or manipulat*)or SCARA or Delta(robot*or manipulat*)or cartesian*coordinat*(robot*or manipulat*)or"cylindr*coordinat*(robot*or manipulat*)"or weld*(robot*or manipulat*)or transfer*(robot*or manipulat*)or pallet*(robot*or manipulat*)or sort*(robot*or manipulat*)or stamp*(robot*or manipulat*)or assemb*(robot*or manipulat*)or pack*(robot*or manipulat*)or unpack*(robot*or manipulat*)or cut*(robot*or manipulat*)or grind*(robot*or manipulat*)or polish*(robot*or manipulat*)or paint*(robot*or manipulat*)or parallel*(robot*or manipulat*)or clean room(robot*or manipulat*)).(2)检索式:TS=("robot*"or"manipulator*"or"unmanned aerial vehicle*"or"UAV"or"automatic guided vehicle*"or"AGV"or"self driving car*"or"autonomous car*"or"underwater system*"or"underwater device*"or"human computer interaction*"or"man machine interaction*"or"gripper*"or"bionic system*"or"bionic device*"or"bionic mechanism*"or"serial mechanism*"or"parallel mechanism*"or"SLAM")or wc=robot*)AND Document Type:(Article).
(1)本文将各欧盟成员国看作一个整体进行分析,欧盟成员国信息遵照欧盟2013年7月1日官方信息。https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries_en#tab-0-0.