技术流动对区域技术专业化的影响研究
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摘要
以专利交易和专利引用分别作为市场交易方式和非市场交易方式下技术流动的代理变量,利用中国国家知识产权局统计的全国30个省区市区域间专利(申请)权交易数据和非公开的专利引用数据,分析了国内技术流动对不同类型区域技术专业化的影响。实证结果表明:市场交易方式下(租金溢出),技术流动对区域技术专业化的影响具有明显的区域差异性,技术知识存量高的区域比技术知识存量低的区域受到技术流动的正向影响更显著;而在非市场交易方式下(纯知识溢出),技术流动对不同技术知识存量区域的技术专业化影响均不显著。
Based on the data of regional patent(application) and non-public patent citation of 30 provinces in China, the patent transactions and patent citations are used as proxy variables of technology flows of market-based and non-market-based transactions respectively. The paper analyzes the influence of technology flows on technological specialization from two types of regions within China. The empirical results show that there are regional differences in the impact of technology flows on technological specialization. Under the conditions of market transactions(rent spillovers), the technological specialization of regions with high technology knowledge stocks are more positively affected by technology flows, compared with regions with low technology knowledge stocks. While under the conditions of non-market transactions(pure knowledge spillovers), there are no significant for both types of region.
Based on the data of regional patent(application) and non-public patent citation of 30 provinces in China, the patent transactions and patent citations are used as proxy variables of technology flows of market-based and non-market-based transactions respectively. The paper analyzes the influence of technology flows on technological specialization from two types of regions within China. The empirical results show that there are regional differences in the impact of technology flows on technological specialization. Under the conditions of market transactions(rent spillovers), the technological specialization of regions with high technology knowledge stocks are more positively affected by technology flows, compared with regions with low technology knowledge stocks. While under the conditions of non-market transactions(pure knowledge spillovers), there are no significant for both types of region.
引文
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[37]Carlile P R.Transferring,translating,and transforming:An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries[J].Organization Science,2004,15(5):555-568.
[38]Fleming L.Recombinant uncertainty in technological search[J].Management Science,2001,47(1):117-132.
[39]杨龙志,刘霞.区域间技术转移存在“马太效应”吗?省际技术转移的驱动机制研究[J].科学学研究,2014,32(12):1820-1827.
[40]秦宛顺,刘学.中国技术市场形成、发展与运行分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1998(5):3-9.
[41]Marco A D,Scellato G,Ughetto E,et al.Global markets for technology:Evidence from patent transactions[J].Research Policy,2017,46(3):651-666.
[42]Jaffe A B,Henderson R.Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1993,108(3):577-598.
[43]Pavitt K.R&D,patenting and innovative activities:A statistical exploration[J].Research Policy,1982,11(1):33-51.
[44]Liu Y,Cai H,Xiang X Y.The knowledge base evolution in industry:Based on patent intelligence analysis[J].Studies in Science of Science,2014(7):1019-1028.
[45]Ebersberger B,Becke F M.Technological Specialization and Variety in Regional Innovation Systems[M].London:Routledge,2010.
[46]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014.
[47]Guan J C,Yan Y.Technological proximity and recombinative innovation in the alternative energy field[J].Research Policy,2016,45(7):1460-1473.
[48]Caviggioli F,De Marco A,Scellato G,et al.Corporate strategies for technology acquisition:Evidence from patent transactions[J].Management Decision,2017,55(6):1163-1181.
[49]Fischer T,Leidinger J.Testing patent value indicators on directly observed patent value:An empirical analysis of Ocean Tomo patent auctions[J].Research Policy,2014,43(3):519-529.
[2]Malerba F,Montobbio F.Exploring factors affecting international technological specialization:The role of knowledge flows and the structure of innovative activity[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2003,13(4):411-434.
[3]Kim J,Lee C,Cho Y.Technological diversification,core-technology competence,and firm growth[J].Research Policy,2016,45(1):113-124.
[4]Cantwell J,Vertova G.Historical evolution of technological diversification[J].Research Policy,2004,33(3):511-529.
[5]Wang Y,Ning L,Prevezer M.Technological diversification in China from 1986 to 2011:Evidence from patent data[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2015,98(1):54-66.
[6]Meelen T,Herrmann A M,Faber J.Disentangling patterns of economic,technological and innovative specialization of western economies:An assessment of the varieties-of-capitalism theory on comparative institutional advantages[J].Research Policy,2017,46(3):667-677.
[7]冯仁涛,余翔.我国区域技术专业化模式比较研究[J].科研管理,2012(10):9-16.
[8]Petralia S,Balland P,Morrison A.Climbing the ladder of technological development[J].Research Policy,2017,46(5):956-969.
[9]贾军,张卓.企业技术范围选择:技术多元化还是技术专业化[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012,33(11):124-133.
[10]Abdel-Rahman H M.When do cities specialize in production?[J].Regional Science&Urban Economics,1996,26(1):1-22.
[11]Archibugi D,Pianta M.Specialization and size of technological activities in industrial countries:The analysis of patent data[J].Research Policy,1992,21(1):79-93.
[12]Vertova G.Stability in national patterns of technological specialisation:Some historical evidence from patent data[J].Economics of Innovation&New Technology,1999,8(4):331-354.
[13]Vertova G.National technological specialisation and the highest technological opportunities historically[J].Technovation,2001,21(9):605-612.
[14]Cantwell J,Piscitello L.Accumulating technological competence:Its changing impact on corporate diversification and internationalization[J].Industrial&Corporate Change,2000,9(1):21-51.
[15]Chung S.Building a national innovation system through regional innovation systems[J].Technovation,2002,22(8):485-491.
[16]苏屹,姜雪松,雷家骕,等.区域创新系统协同演进研究[J].中国软科学,2016(3):44-61.
[17]Cooke P,Uranga M G,Etxebarria G.Regional innovation systems:Institutional and organizational dimensions[J].Research Policy,1997,26(4/5):475-491.
[18]刘凤朝,刘靓,马荣康.区域间技术交易网络、吸收能力与区域创新产出:基于电子信息和生物医药领域的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2015,33(5):774-781.
[19]马荣康,刘凤朝,刘靓.省际技术购买、网络嵌入与区域专利产出[J].科研管理,2014,35(4):51-58.
[20]Drivas K,Economidou C.Is geographic nearness important for trading ideas?Evidence from the US[J].Journal of Technology Transfer,2015,40(4):629-662.
[21]Sun Y,Liu K.Proximity effect,preferential attachment and path dependence in inter-regional network:A case of China's technology transaction[J].Scientometrics,2016,108(1):201-220.
[22]Cohen W M,Levinthal D A.Absorptive capacity:A new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1):39-67.
[23]Li X.China's regional innovation capacity in transition:An empirical approach[J].Research Policy,2009,38(2):338-357.
[24]Wang Y,Pan X,Li J,et al.Does technological diversification matter for regional innovation capability?Evidence from China[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2016,28(3):323-334.
[25]Berchicci L.Towards an open R&D system:Internal R&D investment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[26]Griliches Z.Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth[J].Bell Journal of Economics,1979,10(1):92-116.
[27]García F,Avella L,Fernández E.Learning from exporting:The moderating effect of technological capabilities[J].International Business Review,2012,21(6):1099-1111.
[28]Zahra S A,Ireland R D,Hitt M A.International expansion by new venture firms:International diversity,mode of market entry,technological learning,and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[29]Ussahawanitchakit P.Technological complementarity,technological learning and firm performance of e-commerce businesses in Thailand[J].Journal of International Business&Economics,2012,12(1):35-47.
[30]Urban G L,Hippel E V.Lead user analyses for the development of new industrial products[J].Management Science,1988,34(5):569-582.
[31]Jaffe A B,Fogarty M S.Knowledge spillovers and patent citations:Evidence from a survey of inventors[J].American Economic Review,2000,90(2):215-218.
[32]Cheyre C,Klepper S,Veloso F.Spinoffs and the mobility of US merchant semiconductor inventors[J].Management Science,2015,61(3):487-506.
[33]March J G,Simon H A.Organizations[M].Cambridge:Blackwell Publishers,1958.
[34]Pavitt K.Sectoral patterns of technical change:Towards a taxonomy and a theory[J].Research Policy,1984,13(6):343-373.
[35]March J G.Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):69-81.
[36]Malerba F.Learning by firms and incremental technical change[J].Economic Journal,1992,102(413):845-859.
[37]Carlile P R.Transferring,translating,and transforming:An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries[J].Organization Science,2004,15(5):555-568.
[38]Fleming L.Recombinant uncertainty in technological search[J].Management Science,2001,47(1):117-132.
[39]杨龙志,刘霞.区域间技术转移存在“马太效应”吗?省际技术转移的驱动机制研究[J].科学学研究,2014,32(12):1820-1827.
[40]秦宛顺,刘学.中国技术市场形成、发展与运行分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,1998(5):3-9.
[41]Marco A D,Scellato G,Ughetto E,et al.Global markets for technology:Evidence from patent transactions[J].Research Policy,2017,46(3):651-666.
[42]Jaffe A B,Henderson R.Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1993,108(3):577-598.
[43]Pavitt K.R&D,patenting and innovative activities:A statistical exploration[J].Research Policy,1982,11(1):33-51.
[44]Liu Y,Cai H,Xiang X Y.The knowledge base evolution in industry:Based on patent intelligence analysis[J].Studies in Science of Science,2014(7):1019-1028.
[45]Ebersberger B,Becke F M.Technological Specialization and Variety in Regional Innovation Systems[M].London:Routledge,2010.
[46]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014.
[47]Guan J C,Yan Y.Technological proximity and recombinative innovation in the alternative energy field[J].Research Policy,2016,45(7):1460-1473.
[48]Caviggioli F,De Marco A,Scellato G,et al.Corporate strategies for technology acquisition:Evidence from patent transactions[J].Management Decision,2017,55(6):1163-1181.
[49]Fischer T,Leidinger J.Testing patent value indicators on directly observed patent value:An empirical analysis of Ocean Tomo patent auctions[J].Research Policy,2014,43(3):519-529.