技术创新领域的选择、专业化与区域经济增长
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摘要
选择正确的技术领域并实现专业化是各地区在创新驱动发展战略下的重要课题。为考察技术专业化对经济增长的影响,利用专利数据,构建两种不同领域的技术专业化指标,设计包含交互项的空间计量模型以及中介效应模型,检验不同类型的技术专业化对经济增长的作用机制和溢出效应,为区域技术创新重点领域的选择提供参考。结果表明:技术专业化对经济增长的作用会受技术创新能力高低的影响,在一定的创新能力条件下,专业化于自身优势产业所对应的技术领域对经济的正向作用会被削弱,而专业化于具有高技术机会的技术领域对经济的正向作用会被更有效地发挥,因此不同的创新发展阶段应选择不同的技术专业化模式。此外,高机会技术领域的专业化具有正的空间溢出效应。
Regional patterns of technological specialization represent competitive advantages and development foreground.Choosing the right technology is the important topic in innovation-driven strategy. in order to study the effects of technological specialization on economic growth,based on Chinese granted patent data,this paper built Indicators to measure two different kinds of specialization. By using the spatial econometric model contained an interaction item and mediating effect model,we investigated the mechanism and spillover effects of different types of technological specialization on growth,to provide some tentative suggestions for different regions about choice of priority areas in technology innovation. Result shows that,the effect of technological specialization on growth would be affected by innovation ability. On a certain level of innovation ability,specialized in the technical field related to competitive Industries may produce negative effects though it has positive effects when innovation ability is low; but specialization in the field with high technological opportunity has better effects on promoting economic growth. So regions on different stages of innovation process should choose different patterns of technological specialization. in addition,specialization in the field with high technological opportunity has positive spillover effects.
Regional patterns of technological specialization represent competitive advantages and development foreground.Choosing the right technology is the important topic in innovation-driven strategy. in order to study the effects of technological specialization on economic growth,based on Chinese granted patent data,this paper built Indicators to measure two different kinds of specialization. By using the spatial econometric model contained an interaction item and mediating effect model,we investigated the mechanism and spillover effects of different types of technological specialization on growth,to provide some tentative suggestions for different regions about choice of priority areas in technology innovation. Result shows that,the effect of technological specialization on growth would be affected by innovation ability. On a certain level of innovation ability,specialized in the technical field related to competitive Industries may produce negative effects though it has positive effects when innovation ability is low; but specialization in the field with high technological opportunity has better effects on promoting economic growth. So regions on different stages of innovation process should choose different patterns of technological specialization. in addition,specialization in the field with high technological opportunity has positive spillover effects.
引文
[1]冯仁涛,余翔.我国区域技术专业化模式比较研究[J].科研管理,2012(10):9-16.
[2]张战仁.我国区域创新差异的形成机制研究——基于集聚互动、循环累积与空间关联视角的实证分析[J].经济地理,2013(4):9-14.
[3]余泳泽,张先轸.要素禀赋、适宜性创新模式选择与全要素生产率提升[J].管理世界,2015(9):13-31+187.
[4]Meliciani V.The impact of technological specialisation on national performance in a balance-of payments-constrained growth model[J].Structure Chang and Economic Dynamics,2002,13:101-118.
[5]Laursen K.Do export and technological specialization patterns co-evolve in terms of convergence or divergence?Evidence from 19 OECD countries,1971—1991[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2000,10(4):415-436.
[6]Fagerberg J,Shrolec M,Knell M.The competitiveness of nations:Why some countries prosper while others fall behind?[J].World Development,2007,35(10):1595-1620.
[7]Urraca-Ruiz A,Laguna-Molina N E.Dynamic technological specialization,aggregated convergence and growth[J].International Economics&Economic Policy,2016,13(2):1-27.
[8]徐升华,毛小兵.信息产业对经济增长的贡献分析[J].管理世界,2004(8):75-80.
[9]Papaioannou S K,Dimelis S P.information technology as a factor of economic development:Evidence from developed and developing countries[J].Economics of innovation and New Technology.2007,16(3):179-194.
[10]Lall S.The technological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports,1985—1998[J].Oxford Development Stududies,2000,28(3):337-369.
[11]Huang H T,Miozzo M.Patterns of technological specialization in Latin American and East Asian countries:Analysis of Patents and Trade Flows[J].Economic of innovation and New Technology,2004,13(7):615-653.
[12]吕拉昌,何爱,黄茹.基于知识产出的北京城市创新职能[J].地理研究,2014(10):1817-1824.
[13]Pavitt K.Sectoral patterns of technical change:Towards a taxonomy and a theory[J].Research Policy,1984,13(6):343-373.
[14]Jungmittag A.Innovations,technological specialization and economic growth in EU[J].International Economics and Economic Policy,2004(1):247-273.
[15]Solow R.We'd better watch out[N].New York Times Book Review,1987:7-12.
[16]Laursen K.The impact of technological opportunity on the dynamics of trade performance[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1999,10:341-357.
[17]Malerba F,Montobbio F.Structural change in innovative activities in four leading sectors.An interpretation of the stylized facts[J].Revueéconomique,2004,55(6):1051-1070.
[18]Montobbio F,Rampa F.The impact of technology and structural change on export performance in nine development countries[J].World Development,2005,33(4):527-547.
[19]冯仁涛.中国区域技术专业化模式与程度研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2013.
[20]Lee S Y T,Gholami R,Tong T Y.Time series analysis in the assessment of ICT impact at the aggregate level-lessons and implications for the new economy[J].Information&Management.2005,42,(7):1009-1022.
[21]余泳泽,刘大勇.我国区域创新效率的空间外溢效应与价值链外溢效应——创新价值链视角下的多维空间面板模型研究[J].管理世界,2013(7):6-20+70+187.
[22]李永友,沈坤荣.辖区间竞争、策略性财政政策与FDI增长绩效的区域特征[J].经济研究,2008(5):58-69.
[23]白俊红,王林东.创新驱动对中国地区经济差距的影响:收敛还是发散?[J].经济科学,2016(2):18-27.
[24]中国科技发展战略研究小组.中国区域创新能力评价报告2015[R].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2015.
[25]官建成,王刚波.技术领域优势的国际比较研究[J].科学学研究,2008(1):90-97.
[26]Evangelista R,Meliciani V,Vezzani A.The distribution of technological activities in Europe:A regional perspective[R].Jrc Working Papers,2016.
[27]王德利,方创琳.中国跨区域产业分工与联动特征[J].地理研究,2010(8):1392-1406.
[28]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952—2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[29]周慧,苗洪亮,曾冰.创新驱动、城镇化与区域经济增长:——基于空间溢出及门槛效应的实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2017(4):95-102.
[30]符淼.地理距离和技术外溢效应——对技术和经济集聚现象的空间计量学解释[J].经济学(季刊),2009(4):549-1566.
[31]Lesage J P,Pace R K.Introduction to spatial econometrics[M].Boca Raton,US:CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group,2009.
[32]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004(5):614-620.
(1)具体包括纺织业、家具制造业、印刷和记录媒介复制业、橡胶和塑料制品业、金属制品业、通用设备制造业、专用设备制造业、汽车制造业、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业、电气机械和器材制造业、计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业、仪器仪表制造业、电信广播电视和卫星传输服务业。
(1)将专利按国民行业进行分类的主要方法是将国际专利主分类号(IPC)与国民经济行业分类(GB/T 4754-2011)进行匹配,Jungmittag、Urraca-Ruiz、吕拉昌等均在研究中进行过类似操作[7,12,14]。
(2)为节约篇幅,Moran’I指数的具体结果未给出,如有需要请与作者联系。
(1)为节约篇幅,SDM模型的初始回归结果未给出,如有需要请与作者联系。
(1)高创新能力地区包括北京、天津、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、山东、湖北、广东、陕西;低创新能力地区包括河北、山西、内蒙古、安徽、福建、江西、河南、湖南、广西、海南、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。
[2]张战仁.我国区域创新差异的形成机制研究——基于集聚互动、循环累积与空间关联视角的实证分析[J].经济地理,2013(4):9-14.
[3]余泳泽,张先轸.要素禀赋、适宜性创新模式选择与全要素生产率提升[J].管理世界,2015(9):13-31+187.
[4]Meliciani V.The impact of technological specialisation on national performance in a balance-of payments-constrained growth model[J].Structure Chang and Economic Dynamics,2002,13:101-118.
[5]Laursen K.Do export and technological specialization patterns co-evolve in terms of convergence or divergence?Evidence from 19 OECD countries,1971—1991[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2000,10(4):415-436.
[6]Fagerberg J,Shrolec M,Knell M.The competitiveness of nations:Why some countries prosper while others fall behind?[J].World Development,2007,35(10):1595-1620.
[7]Urraca-Ruiz A,Laguna-Molina N E.Dynamic technological specialization,aggregated convergence and growth[J].International Economics&Economic Policy,2016,13(2):1-27.
[8]徐升华,毛小兵.信息产业对经济增长的贡献分析[J].管理世界,2004(8):75-80.
[9]Papaioannou S K,Dimelis S P.information technology as a factor of economic development:Evidence from developed and developing countries[J].Economics of innovation and New Technology.2007,16(3):179-194.
[10]Lall S.The technological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports,1985—1998[J].Oxford Development Stududies,2000,28(3):337-369.
[11]Huang H T,Miozzo M.Patterns of technological specialization in Latin American and East Asian countries:Analysis of Patents and Trade Flows[J].Economic of innovation and New Technology,2004,13(7):615-653.
[12]吕拉昌,何爱,黄茹.基于知识产出的北京城市创新职能[J].地理研究,2014(10):1817-1824.
[13]Pavitt K.Sectoral patterns of technical change:Towards a taxonomy and a theory[J].Research Policy,1984,13(6):343-373.
[14]Jungmittag A.Innovations,technological specialization and economic growth in EU[J].International Economics and Economic Policy,2004(1):247-273.
[15]Solow R.We'd better watch out[N].New York Times Book Review,1987:7-12.
[16]Laursen K.The impact of technological opportunity on the dynamics of trade performance[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1999,10:341-357.
[17]Malerba F,Montobbio F.Structural change in innovative activities in four leading sectors.An interpretation of the stylized facts[J].Revueéconomique,2004,55(6):1051-1070.
[18]Montobbio F,Rampa F.The impact of technology and structural change on export performance in nine development countries[J].World Development,2005,33(4):527-547.
[19]冯仁涛.中国区域技术专业化模式与程度研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2013.
[20]Lee S Y T,Gholami R,Tong T Y.Time series analysis in the assessment of ICT impact at the aggregate level-lessons and implications for the new economy[J].Information&Management.2005,42,(7):1009-1022.
[21]余泳泽,刘大勇.我国区域创新效率的空间外溢效应与价值链外溢效应——创新价值链视角下的多维空间面板模型研究[J].管理世界,2013(7):6-20+70+187.
[22]李永友,沈坤荣.辖区间竞争、策略性财政政策与FDI增长绩效的区域特征[J].经济研究,2008(5):58-69.
[23]白俊红,王林东.创新驱动对中国地区经济差距的影响:收敛还是发散?[J].经济科学,2016(2):18-27.
[24]中国科技发展战略研究小组.中国区域创新能力评价报告2015[R].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2015.
[25]官建成,王刚波.技术领域优势的国际比较研究[J].科学学研究,2008(1):90-97.
[26]Evangelista R,Meliciani V,Vezzani A.The distribution of technological activities in Europe:A regional perspective[R].Jrc Working Papers,2016.
[27]王德利,方创琳.中国跨区域产业分工与联动特征[J].地理研究,2010(8):1392-1406.
[28]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952—2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[29]周慧,苗洪亮,曾冰.创新驱动、城镇化与区域经济增长:——基于空间溢出及门槛效应的实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2017(4):95-102.
[30]符淼.地理距离和技术外溢效应——对技术和经济集聚现象的空间计量学解释[J].经济学(季刊),2009(4):549-1566.
[31]Lesage J P,Pace R K.Introduction to spatial econometrics[M].Boca Raton,US:CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group,2009.
[32]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004(5):614-620.
(1)具体包括纺织业、家具制造业、印刷和记录媒介复制业、橡胶和塑料制品业、金属制品业、通用设备制造业、专用设备制造业、汽车制造业、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业、电气机械和器材制造业、计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业、仪器仪表制造业、电信广播电视和卫星传输服务业。
(1)将专利按国民行业进行分类的主要方法是将国际专利主分类号(IPC)与国民经济行业分类(GB/T 4754-2011)进行匹配,Jungmittag、Urraca-Ruiz、吕拉昌等均在研究中进行过类似操作[7,12,14]。
(2)为节约篇幅,Moran’I指数的具体结果未给出,如有需要请与作者联系。
(1)为节约篇幅,SDM模型的初始回归结果未给出,如有需要请与作者联系。
(1)高创新能力地区包括北京、天津、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、山东、湖北、广东、陕西;低创新能力地区包括河北、山西、内蒙古、安徽、福建、江西、河南、湖南、广西、海南、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。