基于共词分析的我国双创政策关注热点研究
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摘要
"大众创业,万众创新"是我国经济转型升级的重要突破口,随着其重要性和紧迫性的逐渐提升,政府相继出台了大量双创政策,推动创新创业在各个领域的发展。政策文本是政策信息的载体,蕴含着政策方向、政策主题、政策内容。从浩瀚的政策文本中挖掘政策关注的热点领域及其内部结构,将对政策参与主体及制定主体产生一定的指引借鉴意义。基于此,通过对我国双创政策文本的收集,采用共词分析的方法,提取政策关键词,逐步运用共词网络分析、共词聚类分析、多维尺度分析,探讨了我国双创政策的关注热点领域及内部结构关系,并进行了可视化展示,以期对双创参与主体及政策制定主体提供一定的参考,进一步推动我国创新创业的高质量发展。
"Mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is an important breakthrough in China's economic transformation and upgrading. With the gradual improvement of its importance and urgency, the government has successively introduced a large number of "double creations" policies to promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship in various fields. The policy text is the carrier of policy information, which contains policy directions, policy topics, and policy content. Excavating the hot spots of policy and its internal structure from the vast policy texts will have certain guiding significance for the policy participants and the enacting subjects. Based on this, through collecting the policy texts of China's "double creations" policy, extracting policy keywords, using the method of co-word analysis, and gradually using co-word network analysis, clustering analysis and multidimensional scale analysis, this paper explores the hot areas of concern and the internal structure relationship of China's "double creations" policies, and makes a visual display. It is expected to provide some references for the participants and policy makers of the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", and further promote the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China.
"Mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is an important breakthrough in China's economic transformation and upgrading. With the gradual improvement of its importance and urgency, the government has successively introduced a large number of "double creations" policies to promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship in various fields. The policy text is the carrier of policy information, which contains policy directions, policy topics, and policy content. Excavating the hot spots of policy and its internal structure from the vast policy texts will have certain guiding significance for the policy participants and the enacting subjects. Based on this, through collecting the policy texts of China's "double creations" policy, extracting policy keywords, using the method of co-word analysis, and gradually using co-word network analysis, clustering analysis and multidimensional scale analysis, this paper explores the hot areas of concern and the internal structure relationship of China's "double creations" policies, and makes a visual display. It is expected to provide some references for the participants and policy makers of the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", and further promote the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China.
引文
[1]钟伟金,李佳.共词分析法研究(一)-共词分析的过程与方式[J].情报杂志,2008(5):70-72.
[2]DING Y,CHOWDHURY G G,FOO S.Bibliometric Cartography of Information Retrieval Research by Using CoWord Analysis[J].Information Processing&Management,2001,37(6):817-842.
[3]COULTER N S,MONARCH I,KONDA S.Software Engineering as Seen through Its Research Literature:A Study in Co-Word Analysis[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2010,49(13):1206-1223.
[4]储节旺,郭春侠.共词分析法的基本原理及EXCEL实现[J].情报科学,2011,29(6):931-934.
[5]RONDA-PUPO G A,GUERRAS-MARTIN L A.Dynamics of the evolution of the strategy concept 19622008:a co-word analysis[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,33(2):162-188.
[6]董伟.国内近十年数字图书馆领域研究热点分析-基于共词分析[J].图书情报知识,2009(5):58-63.
[7]张勤,马费成.国外知识管理研究范式-以共词分析为方法[J].管理科学学报,2007(6):65-75.
[8]黄萃,任弢,张剑.政策文献量化研究:公共政策研究的新方向[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(2):129-137+158-159.
[9]李江,刘源浩,黄萃,等.用文献计量研究重塑政策文本数据分析-政策文献计量的起源、迁移与方法创新[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(2):138-144+159.
[10]LAW J,BAUIN S,COURTIAL J P,et al.Policy and the mapping of scientific change:A co-word analysis of research into environmental acidification[J].Scientometrics,1988,14(3-4):251-264.
[11]NOYONS E.Bibliometric mapping of science in a policy context[J].Scientometrics,2001,50(1):83-98.
[12]黄萃,赵培强,李江.基于共词分析的中国科技创新政策变迁量化分析[J].中国行政管理,2015(9):115-122.
[13]苏敬勤,许昕傲,李晓昂.基于共词分析的我国技术创新政策结构关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(9):110-115.
[14]罗敏,朱雪忠.基于共词分析的我国低碳政策构成研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(11):1680-1685.
[15]OTTE E,ROUSSEAU R.Social network analysis:a powerful strategy,also for the information sciences[J].Journal of Information Science,2002,28(6):441-453.
[16]HOFF P D,RAFTERY A E,HANDCOCK M S.Latent Space Approaches to Social Network Analysis[J].Publications of the American Statistical Association,2002,97(460):1090-1098.
[17]朱庆华,李亮.社会网络分析法及其在情报学中的应用[J].情报理论与实践,2008(02):179-183+174.
[18]钟伟金,李佳,杨兴菊.共词分析法研究(三)-共词聚类分析法的原理与特点[J].情报杂志,2008(7):118-120.
[19]CALLON M,LAW J,RIP A.Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology[J].Scientometrics,1988,14(1-2):165-168.
[20]李亚员.国内慕课(MOOC)研究现状述评:热点与趋势-基于2009~2014年CNKI所刊文献关键词的共词可视化分析[J].电化教育研究,2015,36(7):55-60.
[21]刘军.整体网分析[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2014:126-129.
[22]李爱国,曾庆.“双创”政策态势与下一步展望[J].改革,2017(10):149-157.
[23]辜胜阻,曹冬梅,李睿.让“互联网+”行动计划引领新一轮创业浪潮[J].科学学研究,2016,34(2):161-165+278.
[24]郭文斌,方俊明,陈秋珠.基于关键词共词分析的我国自闭症热点研究[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2012,49(1):128-132.
[25]XIE Y F.Hotspots of Ecological and Environmental Risk Research in China Based on Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Cluster Analysis[J].Advanced Materials Research,DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.807-809.641.
[26]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2006(2):88-92.
[27]郭文斌,俞树文.我国远程教育研究热点知识图谱-基于3170篇硕士及博士学位论文的关键词共词分析[J].电化教育研究,2014,35(2):45-49+67.
[28]钟伟金,李佳.共词分析法研究(二)-类团分析[J].情报杂志,2008(6):141-143.
[29]SU H N,LEE P C.Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence:a first look at journal papers in Technology Foresight[J].Scientometrics,2010,85(1):65-79.
(1)Ochiai系数:共词矩阵中的每个数字都除以与之相关的两个词的总出现频次的开方的积,即A、B两词的Ochiai系数=(A、B两词共同出现的次数)÷(√A词出现的频次×√B词出现的频次)。
[2]DING Y,CHOWDHURY G G,FOO S.Bibliometric Cartography of Information Retrieval Research by Using CoWord Analysis[J].Information Processing&Management,2001,37(6):817-842.
[3]COULTER N S,MONARCH I,KONDA S.Software Engineering as Seen through Its Research Literature:A Study in Co-Word Analysis[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2010,49(13):1206-1223.
[4]储节旺,郭春侠.共词分析法的基本原理及EXCEL实现[J].情报科学,2011,29(6):931-934.
[5]RONDA-PUPO G A,GUERRAS-MARTIN L A.Dynamics of the evolution of the strategy concept 19622008:a co-word analysis[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,33(2):162-188.
[6]董伟.国内近十年数字图书馆领域研究热点分析-基于共词分析[J].图书情报知识,2009(5):58-63.
[7]张勤,马费成.国外知识管理研究范式-以共词分析为方法[J].管理科学学报,2007(6):65-75.
[8]黄萃,任弢,张剑.政策文献量化研究:公共政策研究的新方向[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(2):129-137+158-159.
[9]李江,刘源浩,黄萃,等.用文献计量研究重塑政策文本数据分析-政策文献计量的起源、迁移与方法创新[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(2):138-144+159.
[10]LAW J,BAUIN S,COURTIAL J P,et al.Policy and the mapping of scientific change:A co-word analysis of research into environmental acidification[J].Scientometrics,1988,14(3-4):251-264.
[11]NOYONS E.Bibliometric mapping of science in a policy context[J].Scientometrics,2001,50(1):83-98.
[12]黄萃,赵培强,李江.基于共词分析的中国科技创新政策变迁量化分析[J].中国行政管理,2015(9):115-122.
[13]苏敬勤,许昕傲,李晓昂.基于共词分析的我国技术创新政策结构关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(9):110-115.
[14]罗敏,朱雪忠.基于共词分析的我国低碳政策构成研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(11):1680-1685.
[15]OTTE E,ROUSSEAU R.Social network analysis:a powerful strategy,also for the information sciences[J].Journal of Information Science,2002,28(6):441-453.
[16]HOFF P D,RAFTERY A E,HANDCOCK M S.Latent Space Approaches to Social Network Analysis[J].Publications of the American Statistical Association,2002,97(460):1090-1098.
[17]朱庆华,李亮.社会网络分析法及其在情报学中的应用[J].情报理论与实践,2008(02):179-183+174.
[18]钟伟金,李佳,杨兴菊.共词分析法研究(三)-共词聚类分析法的原理与特点[J].情报杂志,2008(7):118-120.
[19]CALLON M,LAW J,RIP A.Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology[J].Scientometrics,1988,14(1-2):165-168.
[20]李亚员.国内慕课(MOOC)研究现状述评:热点与趋势-基于2009~2014年CNKI所刊文献关键词的共词可视化分析[J].电化教育研究,2015,36(7):55-60.
[21]刘军.整体网分析[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2014:126-129.
[22]李爱国,曾庆.“双创”政策态势与下一步展望[J].改革,2017(10):149-157.
[23]辜胜阻,曹冬梅,李睿.让“互联网+”行动计划引领新一轮创业浪潮[J].科学学研究,2016,34(2):161-165+278.
[24]郭文斌,方俊明,陈秋珠.基于关键词共词分析的我国自闭症热点研究[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2012,49(1):128-132.
[25]XIE Y F.Hotspots of Ecological and Environmental Risk Research in China Based on Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Cluster Analysis[J].Advanced Materials Research,DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.807-809.641.
[26]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2006(2):88-92.
[27]郭文斌,俞树文.我国远程教育研究热点知识图谱-基于3170篇硕士及博士学位论文的关键词共词分析[J].电化教育研究,2014,35(2):45-49+67.
[28]钟伟金,李佳.共词分析法研究(二)-类团分析[J].情报杂志,2008(6):141-143.
[29]SU H N,LEE P C.Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence:a first look at journal papers in Technology Foresight[J].Scientometrics,2010,85(1):65-79.
(1)Ochiai系数:共词矩阵中的每个数字都除以与之相关的两个词的总出现频次的开方的积,即A、B两词的Ochiai系数=(A、B两词共同出现的次数)÷(√A词出现的频次×√B词出现的频次)。